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Implementing the Infectious Diseases Society of America Antimicrobial Stewardship Core Curriculum: Survey Results and Real-World Strategies to Guide Fellowship Programs
Get PDFBackground The Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) developed the Core Antimicrobial Stewardship (AS) Curriculum to meet the increasing demand for infectious diseases (ID) providers with AS expertise. Notable diversity in implementation approaches has been observed among ID fellowship programs using the curriculum. We sought to describe individual approaches and develop a curriculum implementation roadmap. Methods We surveyed ID fellowship programs that had previously implemented the IDSA Core AS curriculum. The survey included questions regarding program characteristics, curriculum participants and presentation format, resources and barriers, and implementation strategies. Commonly reported program features were summarized in the context of the self-reported implementation strategies. Implementation guides were developed based on the most common characteristics observed. Results Of 159 programs that had purchased the curriculum, 37 responded, and 34 (21%) were included in the analysis. The curriculum was primarily taught by AS physicians (85%) and AS pharmacists (47%). The most common conference structure was a longitudinal conference series (32%), and eLearning was the most common presentation format. Limited AS faculty time (76%) and limited first-year fellow availability (62%) were frequently reported as barriers, and dedicated AS curricular time was a resource available to most programs (67%); implementation guides were created for these 3 program features. Conclusions Programs reported a variety of implementation barriers and resources, with several common themes emerging, allowing for the development of tailored curriculum planners for 3 commonly observed program characteristics. This work will equip fellowship programs with curriculum implementation strategies and guide future enhancements of the IDSA Core and Advanced AS curricula. Background
The Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) developed the Core Antimicrobial Stewardship (AS) Curriculum to meet the increasing demand for infectious diseases (ID) providers with AS expertise. Notable diversity in implementation approaches has been observed among ID fellowship programs using the curriculum. We sought to describe individual approaches and develop a curriculum implementation roadmap. Methods
We surveyed ID fellowship programs that had previously implemented the IDSA Core AS curriculum. The survey included questions regarding program characteristics, curriculum participants and presentation format, resources and barriers, and implementation strategies. Commonly reported program features were summarized in the context of the self-reported implementation strategies. Implementation guides were developed based on the most common characteristics observed. Results
Of 159 programs that had purchased the curriculum, 37 responded, and 34 (21%) were included in the analysis. The curriculum was primarily taught by AS physicians (85%) and AS pharmacists (47%). The most common conference structure was a longitudinal conference series (32%), and eLearning was the most common presentation format. Limited AS faculty time (76%) and limited first-year fellow availability (62%) were frequently reported as barriers, and dedicated AS curricular time was a resource available to most programs (67%); implementation guides were created for these 3 program features. Conclusions
Programs reported a variety of implementation barriers and resources, with several common themes emerging, allowing for the development of tailored curriculum planners for 3 commonly observed program characteristics. This work will equip fellowship programs with curriculum implementation strategies and guide future enhancements of the IDSA Core and Advanced AS curricula
Local Crime and Substance Use Disorders: A Comparison of Midlife Adults in the 1990s and 2000s
Get PDFThis study investigated how sociopolitical changes in the United States between the 1990s and 2000s may explain the increase in substance use disorders and reduced longevity in more recent cohorts of US midlife adults. The 2008 recession which drastically increased unemployment rates across the country may have had negative implications for downstream contextual and individual processes, including both local crime rates and substance use disorders. The Midlife in the United States Survey cohort (1995; n = 6148; 20–75 years) and the MIDUS Refresher cohort (2011; n = 3543; 23–76 years) reported on substance use disorders. These data were linked to Uniform Crime Reporting violent crime rates to determine whether associations between local crime and substance use disorders changed among two separate cohorts of US midlife adults assessed before or after the 2008 recession. In 1995, despite higher local crime rates, substance use disorders were not associated with local crime. The comparatively lower crime rates of 2011, however, associated with greater prevalence of substance use disorders. Considering unemployment rates from the Decennial Census and American Community Survey, which were substantially higher in 2011 relative to 1995, completely diminished the local crime rate-substance use disorder association. The increased prevalence of substance use disorders observed in the more recent cohort of midlife adults assessed in the current study may represent maladaptive coping to local crime after the 2008 recession
2024 3rd Place Winner: Rachel Berns, Cultural Attitudes Towards Ethnic Cuisine in Italy
No full textPictured is 2024 third-place winner Rachel Berns (right, holding the certificate), with (left) Dr. Kevin Ross (contest co-sponsor and Dean of the Leatherby Libraries).https://digitalcommons.chapman.edu/undergraduateresearchprize_images/1030/thumbnail.jp
Virtual Pair Programming and Online Oral Exams: Effects on Social Interaction, Performance, and Academic Integrity in a Remote Computer Programming Course
No full textBackground and context
Pair programming and oral exams were deployed in tandem in a remote undergraduate computer programming course to promote social interaction and enhance learning. Objectives
We investigate their impact on social interactions, sense of connection, academic performance, and academic integrity within a virtual learning environment, and explore the dynamics of student collaboration in the context of voluntary pair programming. Method
Students’ coding activities, pairing preferences, and performance were survey responses were recorded and analyized. Findings
First and second year students were more likely to participate in virtual pair programming than their more senior classmates. Willingness to pair program strongly correlated with GPA. Partner changes were infrequent. 20–40% of students pair programmed per assignment. Oral exam scores positively correlated with other course scores. Surveys indicated that virtual pair programming and oral exams positively impacted learning, sense of community, and academic integrity. Implications
The study offers perspectives on how these practices can be leveraged to foster inclusive learning, meaningful discourse, peer collaboration, and student-faculty relationships, with a positive effect on student motivation and academic integrity
Algebraic Proof Theory for LE-logics
No full textIn this article, we extend the research programme in algebraic proof theory from axiomatic extensions of the full Lambek calculus to logics algebraically captured by certain varieties of normal lattice expansions (normal LE-logics). Specifically, we generalize the residuated frames in Reference [34] to arbitrary signatures of normal lattice expansions (LE). Such a generalization provides a valuable tool for proving important properties of LE-logics in full uniformity. We prove semantic cut elimination for the display calculi D.LE associated with the basic normal LE-logics and their axiomatic extensions with analytic inductive axioms. We also prove the finite model property (FMP) for each such calculus D.LE, as well as for its extensions with analytic structural rules satisfying certain additional properties
State Capacity and COVID-19 Responses: Comparing the US States
Get PDFThis article addresses the interstate differences in outcomes from the coronavirus disease COVID-19 pandemic by focusing on state capacity. State capacity refers to states’ ability to create and implement policy. We posit that states want to limit death and destruction within their borders. COVID-19 created an instance in which states had a shared, preferred outcome but had very different levels of success. Using a novel measure of state capacity that allows for subnational comparisons – and is independent of ideological political will – we show that states with greater capacity experienced fewer excess deaths during 2020 and more successfully distributed vaccines in early 2021. The findings are robust to various measures of partisanship, social capital, geography, and demographics. Our work bridges US state politics literature and comparative politics literature on state capacity, and it contributes to research on the politics of pandemics
Synthesis and Evaluation of Cyclic Peptide-dasatinib Conjugates as Anti-melanoma Agents
Get PDFHerein, we synthesized two amphiphilic cyclic peptides, incorporating tryptophan and arginine residues, linked to dasatinib via a Cathepsin B-sensitive tetrapeptide (Gly-Phe-Leu-Gly). To mitigate steric hindrance and optimize drug release, we integrated two different linkers, succinate and glutarate, between the drug and peptide. The synthesis involved solid-phase techniques for the assembly of the peptide, followed by the coupling of the peptide on-resin with the linker, mild cleavage, and solution-phase cyclization. Conjugation of the peptide-attached linker with dasatinib was conducted in the presence of N-methylmorpholine and 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC), generating the novel prodrugs. The synthesized compounds were characterized by high-resolution mass spectrometry MALDI, and the purity was confirmed by analytical HPLC. The synthesized cyclic peptide-dasatinib conjugates containing glutarate and succinate linkers were further evaluated against human melanoma A375 cells, which exhibited IC50 values of 4.2 μM and 8.8 μM, respectively. Variations in cytotoxicity could be attributed to linker properties affecting intracellular drug release or prodrug uptake
Do Deaf Readers Pre-activate Phonology During Sentence Comprehension?
Get PDFReaders can use linguistic and contextual clues to predict upcoming words in a sentence. This predictive processing allows for more efficient recognition of upcoming words, particularly when the context of a sentence is predictable (Federmeier & Kutas, 1999; Metusalem et al., 2012). Evidence suggests that for hearing readers, preactivation of word semantics and phonology facilitates the recognition of upcoming words in a sentence (Ito et al., 2016). Readers who became deaf/hard-of-hearing before learning a language rely primarily on visual rather than auditory input, and it is unclear if they engage in similar predictive processes. The study aims to investigate the extent to which deaf readers pre-activate semantic and phonological information during sentence comprehension.
We recorded electroencephalogram (EEG) data from deaf and hearing participants as each participant read 224 high-cloze probability sentences (e.g., “Pete broke his arm and had to wear a…”). Each sentence was presented one word at a time on the center of a computer screen. Participants were then asked to answer a comprehension question following each sentence. The critical words were always sentence-final words and were manipulated into four conditions: 1) congruent (e.g., cast), 2) semantically incongruent (e.g., wall), 3) pseudo-homophone (e.g., kast), and 4) orthographic control pseudoword (e.g., last). Low-cloze (
Thus far, we have collected data from 11 deaf signers and 19 hearing non-signers. Preliminary data based on five deaf and eight hearing participants demonstrated a typical N400 response for semantically incongruent words compared to congruent words in both groups. This indicates semantic pre-activation in hearing and deaf readers, which is consistent with our hypothesis. Interestingly, differences emerged in the Late Positive Complex (LPC) responses: hearing readers exhibited a positive-going LPC for incongruent endings. In contrast, deaf readers showed a negative-going LPC for predicted sentence endings, suggesting a continued semantic processing post-lexical access in deaf readers. Our findings contribute to an understanding of the process deaf readers use during reading comprehension and could inform reading instruction methods for deaf/hard-of-hearing learners.
References
Federmeier, K. D., & Kutas, M. (1999). A rose by any other name: Long-term memory structure and sentence processing. Journal of memory and Language, 41(4), 469-495.
Ito, A., Corley, M., Pickering, M. J., Martin, A. E., & Nieuwland, M. S. (2016). Predicting form and meaning: Evidence from brain potentials. Journal of Memory and Language, 86, 157-171.
Metusalem, R., Kutas, M., Urbach, T. P., Hare, M., McRae, K., & Elman, J. L. (2012). Generalized event knowledge activation during online sentence comprehension. Journal of memory and language, 66(4), 545-567
Explainable AI in Medical Imaging: An Interdisciplinary Translational Approach
Get PDFAdvances in computer vision and image processing have made a clear impact on many fields, from healthcare diagnostics to autonomous driving. However, as these models become more complex, understanding their decision-making processes has grown increasingly challenging, making explainable AI (XAI) a crucial component of modern AI systems. The focus of this work is to integrate these new technologies alongside foundational methods of image processing to create tools that can be used by domain experts who are not programmers. Prior to delving into the projects which investigate these concepts, the methodologies, background, and the overall frameworks are discussed. In the first study, I developed an image processing and ML classification pipeline and web application for identifying the brain region associated with the neuropathology of schizophrenia in a disease agnostic method. In the second study, I used a masked autoencoder for pre-training, and then a vision transformer for the classification on a small dataset of alcoholic patients from healthy controls. In the third study, I used a transformer with spatiotemporal attention, where the data was updated from time-series data to a set of images, and became an image completion problem
Head to Toe: What Do We Think About Heels Dance?
Get PDFThrough both observation as a dance consumer and personal experience as a dance student, heels dance has noticeably risen in prominence within the commercial dance industry in recent years. This style has primarily been showcased through professional dance classes and in commercial and concept video projects. This study seeks to understand the reasons behind this sudden growth in appeal, the potential social implications of this increasing popularity, and the varying perspectives on this style across generations. It synthesizes past research and analyzes a survey conducted with current students in Chapman University\u27s dance department. This presentation will investigate the motivations driving the uptick of this popular dance style while uncovering relevant historical connections through both research and interviews with dance faculty and students. Understanding the historical origins of this style is essential for comprehensively studying its rise in popularity. This investigation questions whether dancers are training in heels dance out of passion or pressure, exploring the rationality behind this heightened interest. With that in mind, this study aims to inform dancers and dance educators about how they consume and produce dance through a historical lens to support their training choices. Additionally, this research seeks to address gaps in the existing literature on heels dance and explore how this style may socially impact both consumers and artists. By addressing these questions and bridging research gaps, this study will empower dancers, choreographers, and dance consumers to make more informed choices in their training, while illuminating the broader social and historical impacts on the dance community