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Emerg Infect Dis
No full textWe isolated Batai virus from the brain of a euthanized, 26-year-old, captive harbor seal with meningoencephalomyelitis in Germany. We provide evidence that this orthobunyavirus can naturally infect the central nervous system of a mammal. The full-genome sequence showed differences from a previously reported virus isolate from a mosquito in Germany
Emerg Infect Dis
No full textJapanese spotted fever (JSF) and scrub typhus (ST) are endemic to Japan and share similar clinical features. To document the clinical and epidemiologic characteristics that distinguish these 2 rickettsial diseases, during 2004-2015 we recruited 31 JSF patients, 188 ST patients, and 97 nonrickettsial disease patients from the southern Boso Peninsula of Japan. JSF occurred during April-October and ST during November-December. Patients with JSF and ST were significantly older and more likely to reside in wooded areas than were patients with nonrickettsial diseases. Spatial analyses revealed that JSF and ST clusters rarely overlapped. Clinical findings more frequently observed in JSF than in ST patients were purpura, palmar/plantar rash, hyponatremia, organ damage, and delayed defervescence after treatment. Although their clinical features are similar, JSF and ST differ in seasonality, geographic distribution, physical signs, and severity. Because a considerable percentage of patients did not notice rash and eschar, many rickettsial diseases might be underdiagnosed in Japan
Weekly cases of selected notifiable diseases ( 65 1,000 cases reported during the preceding year), and selected low frequency diseases, United States and U.S. territories, week ending September 7, 2018 (WEEK 35). TABLE 2g, Giardiasis; Gonorrhea; Haemophilus influenzae
No full text2018/35/table2G-H.pdfGiardiasis -- Gonorrhea -- Haemophilus influenzae, invasive \ua7 All ages, all serotypes,2018936
Weekly cases of selected notifiable diseases ( 65 1,000 cases reported during the preceding year), and selected low frequency diseases, United States and U.S. territories, week ending August 18, 2018 (WEEK 33). TABLE 2l, Legionellosis; Malaria
No full text2018/35/table2L-H.pdfLegionellosis -- Malaria.2018936
Contact Lens Health Week
No full textAugust 20\u201324, 2018, marks the fifth annual Contact Lens Health Week
Weekly cases of selected notifiable diseases ( 65 1,000 cases reported during the preceding year), and selected low frequency diseases, United States and U.S. territories, week ending September 22, 2018 (WEEK 38). TABLE 2m, Meningococcal disease; Mumps; Pertussis
No full text2018-38-table2M-H.pdfMeningococcal disease (Neisseria meningitidis) : All serogroups -- Mumps -- Pertussis.2018936
Weekly cases of selected notifiable diseases ( 65 1,000 cases reported during the preceding year), and selected low frequency diseases, United States and U.S. territories, week ending September 22, 2018 (WEEK 38). TABLE 2k, Invasive pneumococcal disease, age < 5
No full text2018-38-table2K-H.pdfInvasive Pneumococcal Disease : Age <52018936
Risk Anal
Get PDFHuman variability is a very important factor considered in human health risk assessment for protecting sensitive populations from chemical exposure. Traditionally, to account for this variability, an interhuman uncertainty factor is applied to lower the exposure limit. However, using a fixed uncertainty factor rather than probabilistically accounting for human variability can hardly support probabilistic risk assessment advocated by a number of researchers; new methods are needed to probabilistically quantify human population variability. We propose a Bayesian hierarchical model to quantify variability among different populations. This approach jointly characterizes the distribution of risk at background exposure and the sensitivity of response to exposure, which are commonly represented by model parameters. We demonstrate, through both an application to real data and a simulation study, that using the proposed hierarchical structure adequately characterizes variability across different populations.CC999999/Intramural CDC HHSUnited States
Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR)
Get PDFDuring 2016, 6% of persons in the United States who received a Diagnosis of human immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection had their HIV infection attributed to injection drug use (1). Injection practices and sexual behaviors among HIV-positive persons who inject drugs, such as injection equipment sharing and condomless sex, can increase HIV Transmission risk; nationally representative estimates of the prevalences of these behaviors are lacking. The Medical Monitoring Project (MMP) is an annual, cross-sectional survey that reports nationally representative estimates of clinical and behavioral characteristics among U.S. adults with diagnosed HIV (2). CDC used MMP data to assess high-risk injection practices and sexual behaviors among HIV-positive persons who injected drugs during the preceding 12 months and compared their HIV Transmission risk behaviors with those of HIV-positive persons who did not inject drugs. During 2015-2017, approximately 10% (weighted percentage estimate) of HIV-positive persons who injected drugs engaged in distributive injection equipment sharing (giving used equipment to another person for use); nonsterile syringe acquisition and unsafe disposal Methods were common. Overall, among HIV-positive persons who injected drugs, 80% received no treatment, and 57% self-reported needing drug or alcohol treatment. Compared with HIV-positive persons who did not inject drugs, those who injected drugs were more likely to have a detectable viral load (48% versus 35%; p = 0.008) and engage in high-risk sexual behaviors (p<0.001). Focusing on interventions that reduce high-risk injection practices and sexual behaviors and increase rates of viral suppression might decrease HIV Transmission risk among HIV-positive persons who inject drugs. Successful substance use treatment could also lower risk for Transmission and overdose through reduced injection
Am J Epidemiol
Get PDFRisk of death during the first year of life due to external causes, such as unintentional injury and homicide, may be higher among twins and higher-order multiples than among singletons in the United States. We used national birth cohort linked birth-infant death data (2000-2010) to evaluate the risk of infant mortality due to external causes in multiples versus singletons in the United States. Risk of death from external causes during the study period was 3.6 per 10,000 live births in singletons and 5.1 per 10,000 live births in multiples. Using log-binomial regression, the corresponding unadjusted risk ratio was 1.40 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.30, 1.50). After adjustment for maternal age, marital status, race/ethnicity, and education, the risk ratio was 1.68 (95% CI: 1.56, 1.81). Infant deaths due to external causes were most likely to occur between 2 and 7 months of age. Applying inverse probability weighting and assuming a hypothetical intervention where no infants were low birth weight, the adjusted controlled direct effect of plurality on infant mortality due to external causes was 1.64 (95% CI: 1.39, 1.97). Twins and higher-order multiples were at greater risk of infant mortality due to external causes, particularly between 2 and 7 months of age, and this risk appeared to be mediated largely by factors other than low-birth-weight status.CC999999/ImCDC/Intramural CDC HHS/United State