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J Infect Dis
Get PDFBackground.Anal cancer rates are higher for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)\u2013infected adults than for uninfected adults. Limited published data exist characterizing the incidence of precursor lesions detected by anal cytology.Methods.The Study to Understand the Natural History of HIV/AIDS in the Era of Effective Therapy was a prospective cohort of 700 HIV-infected participants in 4 US cities. At baseline and annually thereafter, each participant completed a behavioral questionnaire, and healthcare professionals collected anorectal swabs for cytologic examination and human papillomavirus (HPV) detection and genotyping.Results.Among 243 participants with negative baseline results of anal cytology, 37% developed abnormal cytology findings (incidence rate, 13.9 cases/100 person-years of follow-up; 95% confidence interval [CI], 11.3\u201316.9) over a median follow-up duration of 2.1 years. Rates among men having sex with men, among women, and among men having sex with women were 17.9 cases/person-years of follow-up (95% CI, 13.9\u201322.7), 9.4 cases/person-years of follow-up (95% CI, 5.6\u201314.9), and 8.9 cases/person-years of follow-up (95% CI, 4.8\u201315.6), respectively. In multivariable analysis, the number of persistent high-risk HPV types (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 1.17; 95% CI, 1.01\u20131.36), persistent high-risk HPV types except 16 or 18 (aHR, 2.46; 95% CI, 1.31\u20134.60), and persistent types 16 or 18 (aHR, 3.90; 95% CI, 1.78\u20138.54) remained associated with incident abnormalities.Conclusions.The incidence of abnormal anal cytology findings was high and more likely to develop among persons with persistent high-risk HPV.200-2007-23634/PHS HHS/United States200-2002-00611/PHS HHS/United States200-2002-00612/PHS HHS/United States200-2007-23635/PHS HHS/United States200-2002-00613/PHS HHS/United StatesCC999999/Intramural CDC HHS/United States200-2002-00610/PHS HHS/United States200-2007-3633/PHS HHS/United States200-2007-23636/PHS HHS/United State
EGEMS (Wash DC)
No full textImproving quality measurement while reducing costs helps public health programs identify and better support critical aspects of the care and services delivered to the patients they serve. This is true for state-based early hearing detection and intervention (EHDI) programs as they strive to develop robust clinical quality measures to help track the quality of hearing health services provided during the EHDI processes. Leveraging today's electronic health records and public health surveillance system functionalities, state reporting requirements facilitate and yield efficient collection and analysis of data for quality measurement. In this study, we tested three EHDI quality measures endorsed by the National Quality Forum using a retrospective sample of more than 1,100,000 newborns from 3 states using electronic health data available in the state EHDI Information Systems (EHDI-IS). The results of the analysis reported herein from a large multi-state cohort provide a "real life" benchmark for future quality improvement projects and of where EHDI stands today. Reflecting on these findings, suggestions are posed for enhancing the EHDI quality measures in future updates.30094290PMC607811
J Int AIDS Soc
No full textIntroductionThere are limited data on viral suppression (VS) in children with HIV receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) in routine care in low\u2010resource settings. We examined VS in a cohort of children initiating ART in routine HIV care in Eastern Cape Province, South Africa.MethodsThe Pediatric Enhanced Surveillance Study enrolled HIV\u2010infected ART eligibility children zero to twelve years at five health facilities from 2012 to 2014. All children received routine HIV care and treatment services and attended quarterly study visits for up to 24\ua0months. Time to VS among those starting treatment was measured from ART start date to first viral load (VL) result 30\ua0days after the VS date.ResultsOf 397 children enrolled, 349 (87.9%) started ART: 118 (33.8%) children age 1\ua0million copies/mL at ART initiation were half as likely to achieve VS 1000\ua0copies/mL. Children 1000\ua0copies/mL (adjusted relative risk 2.03, 95% CI: 1.10 to 3.74) compared with six to twelve year olds.ConclusionsWe found suboptimal VS among South African children initiating treatment and high proportions experiencing VL rebound, particularly among younger children. Greater efforts are needed to ensure that all children achieve optimal outcomes.2018U2G PS001537/PS/NCHHSTP CDC HHS/United StatesU62 PS223540/PS/NCHHSTP CDC HHS/United States30094952PMC60855951063
Malaria surveillance : 1967 annual report
No full textMalaria in the United States in 1967 was characterized by a marked increase of imported cases due to the return of military personnel from Vietnam. A total of 2,815 cases was reported, as compared with 678 cases in 1966, and 156 in 1965. All but 186 of the 2,815 cases had acquired their infection in Vietnam.Plasmodium vivax was the predominant parasite species, accounting for 81 percent of the infections. P. falciparum was identified in 13 percent of the cases.Despite the large number of imported cases, little evidence of spread in the United States was observed. Only two introduced cases and one case of post- transfusional malaria could be related to individuals who had acquired their infection in Vietnam. Four other cases were infected in the United States, including two infections following blood transfusion, one case of congenital malaria and one isolated case in which the source of the infection could not be determined.Two fatal malaria cases, both dueI. SUMMARY -- II. TERMINOLOGY -- III. GENERAL SURVEILLANCE INFORMATION -- IV. MALARIA IMPORTED FROM VIETNAM -- V. MALARIA ACQUIRED IN THE UNITED STATES -- VI. DEATHS DUE TO MALARIA -- VII.REPORT FROM THE NATIONAL MALARIA REPOSITORY --VIII. ACKNOWLEDGMENT -- Figure I. Military and civilian cases of malaria, United States, 1956-1967 \u2013 Figure 2. Geographic distribution of malaria cases with onset in the United States-1966 -- Figure 3. Cantonment Area-Ft. Campbell, Kentucky -- Figure 4. Malaria cases in U.S.A.T.C. area, Fort Campbell, Kentucky, 1967 \u2013 Figure 5. Area of malaria transmission, Fort Campbell, Kentucky, 1967.196
MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report
No full textNational, Regional, State, and Selected Local Area Vaccination Coverage Among Adolescents Aged 13\u201317 Years \u2014 United States, 2017 / Tanja Y. Walker, MPH; Laurie D. Elam-Evans, PhD; David Yankey, PhD; et al.Trends in Human PapillomaVirus\u2013Associated Cancers \u2014 United States, 1999\u20132015 / Elizabeth A. Van Dyne, MD; S. Jane Henley, MSPH; Mona Saraiya, MD; et al.Occupational Patterns in Unintentional and Undetermined Drug-Involved and Opioid-Involved Overdose Deaths \u2014 United States, 2007\u20132012 / Laurel Harduar Morano, PhD; Andrea L. Steege, PhD; Sara E. Luckhaupt, MD.Coccidioidomycosis Outbreak Among Workers Constructing a Solar Power Farm \u2014 Monterey County, California, 2016\u20132017 / Rebecca L. Laws, PhD; Gail Sondermeyer Cooksey, MPH; Seema Jain, MD; et al.Assessment of Epidemiology Capacity in State Health Departments \u2014 United States, 2017 / Jessica Arrazola, DrPH; Nancy Binkin, MD; Maria Israel, MPH; et al.Notes from the Field: Mumps Outbreak \u2014 Alaska, May 2017\u2013July 2018 / Amanda Tiffany, PhD; Drew Shannon; Willy Mamtchueng; et al.QuickStats: Infant Mortality Rate, by State \u2014 United States, 2016
Malaria surveillance : annual summary 1976
Get PDFIn 1976, 406 cases of malaria were reported in the United States, a 9.9% decrease compared with the 447 cases reported In 1975. Only 5 cases (1% of all cases reported In the United States) were in military personnel in 1976, the smallest number since 1959. As in previous years, imported Plasmodium vivax infections were more commonthan P. falciparum (66.5% versus 20.2%).In 3 instances infection was acquired in the United States: in 1 case infection was induced by transfusion and in 2 the disease was transmitted congenitally. Five deaths attributed to malaria were reported in 1976, compared with 4 in 1975. All deaths occurred in civilians; 4 patients were infected with P. falciparum, 1 patient with P. vivax. The P. falciparum malaria death-to-case ratio of 3.6% was higher than that in 1975 (0.9%), but did not differ significantly from the 10-year (1966-1975) ratio of 1.6%.I. SUMMARY -- II. TERMINOLOGY -- III. GENERAL SURVEILLANCE -- IV. MILITARY MALARIA -- V. CIVILIAN MALARIA IMPORTED FROM ABROAD -- VI. MALARIA ACQUIRED IN THE UNITED STATES -- VII. MALARIA DEATHS AND COMPLICATIONS IN THE UNITED STATES -- VIII. REPORT FROM THE NATIONAL MALARIA REPOSITOR=1976 -- IX. PREVENTION OF MALARIA -- X. DIAGNOSIS OF MALARIA.197
PLoS One
Get PDFBackgroundCanine transmitted rabies kills an estimated 59,000 people annually, despite proven methods for elimination through mass dog vaccination. Challenges in directing and monitoring numerous remote vaccination teams across large geographic areas remain a significant barrier to the up-scaling of focal vaccination programmes to sub-national and national level. Smartphone technology (mHealth) is increasingly being used to enhance the coordination and efficiency of public health initiatives in developing countries, however examples of successful scaling beyond pilot implementation are rare. This study describes a smartphone app and website platform, \u201cMission Rabies App\u201d, used to co-ordinate rabies control activities at project sites in four continents to vaccinate over one million dogs.MethodsMission Rabies App made it possible to not only gather relevant campaign data from the field, but also to direct vaccination teams systematically in near real-time. The display of user-allocated boundaries on Google maps within data collection forms enabled a project manager to define each team\u2019s region of work, assess their output and assign subsequent areas to progressively vaccinate across a geographic area. This ability to monitor work and react to a rapidly changing situation has the potential to improve efficiency and coverage achieved, compared to regular project management structures, as well as enhancing capacity for data review and analysis from remote areas. The ability to plot the location of every vaccine administered facilitated engagement with stakeholders through transparent reporting, and has the potential to motivate politicians to support such activities.ResultsSince the system launched in September 2014, over 1.5 million data entries have been made to record dog vaccinations, rabies education classes and field surveys in 16 countries. Use of the system has increased year-on-year with adoption for mass dog vaccination campaigns at the India state level in Goa and national level in Haiti.ConclusionsInnovative approaches to rapidly scale mass dog vaccination programmes in a sustained and systematic fashion are urgently needed to achieve the WHO, OIE and FAO goal to eliminate canine-transmitted human deaths by 2030. The Mission Rabies App is an mHealth innovation which greatly reduces the logistical and managerial barriers to implementing large scale rabies control activities. Free access to the platform aims to support pilot campaigns to better structure and report on proof-of-concept initiatives, clearly presenting outcomes and opportunities for expansion. The functionalities of the Mission Rabies App may also be beneficial to other infectious disease interventions.201830048469PMC60620501020
Weekly cases of selected notifiable diseases ( 65 1,000 cases reported during the preceding year), and selected low frequency diseases, United States and U.S. territories, week ending August 18, 2018 (WEEK 33). TABLE 2g, Giardiasis; Gonorrhea; Haemophilus influenzae
No full text2018/33/table2G-H.pdfGiardiasis -- Gonorrhea -- Haemophilus influenzae, invasive \ua7 All ages, all serotypes,2018936
Weekly cases of selected notifiable diseases ( 65 1,000 cases reported during the preceding year), and selected low frequency diseases, United States and U.S. territories, week ending August 18, 2018 (WEEK 33). TABLE 2s, West Nile virus disease, Zika virus disease, non-congenital
No full text2018/33/table2S-H.pdfWest Nile virus disease : neuroinvasive, non-neuroinvasive -- Zika virus disease, non-congenital.2018936