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Environ Int
Get PDFBackground:Phenols and phthalates are potential endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) that are associated with adverse health outcomes. These EDCs dysregulate a number of biomolecules and pathways, including microRNAs. MicroRNAs can be carried in transport systems called extracellular vesicles (EVs) that are present in most biofluids. EVs in the follicular fluid, which fills the ovarian follicle and influences oocyte developmental competency, carry microRNAs (EV-miRNAs) that have been associated with In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) outcomes. However, it remains unclear whether EDCs affect EV-miRNAs in follicular fluid.Objectives:This study sought to determine whether urinary concentrations of phenols and phthalates biomarkers are associated with EV-miRNAs expression in follicular fluid collected from women undergoing IVF treatment.Methods:This cross-sectional study included 130 women recruited between January 2014 and August 2016 in a tertiary university-affiliated hospital. Participants provided urine samples during ovarian stimulation and on the day of oocyte retrieval. We assessed urinary concentrations of five phenols, eight phthalate metabolites, and one phthalate alternative metabolite. EV-miRNAs were isolated from follicular fluid and their expression profiles were measured using the TaqMan Open Array\uae Human microRNA panel. We fitted multivariable linear regression models and principal component analysis to examine associations between individual and molar sums of exposure biomarkers and EV-miRNAs.Results:Of 754 miRNAs tested, we detected 133 EV-miRNAs in the microRNA array which expressed in at least 50% of the follicular fluid samples. After adjusting for multiple testing, we identified eight EV-miRNAs associated with individual phenols and phthalate metabolites, as well as molar \u3a3DEHP that met a q < 0.10 false-discovery rate (FDR) threshold. Hsa-miR-125b, hsa-miR-106b, hsa-miR-374a, and hsa-miR15b was associated with mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate concentrations, hsa-let-7c with concentrations mono-2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl phthalate (MEHHP), mono-2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl phthalate (MEOHP), mono-2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl phthalate (MECPP), and the sum of metabolites of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, hsa-miR-24 with mono-n-butyl phthalate concentrations, hsa-miR-19a with cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid monohydroxy isononyl ester (MHiNCH), and hsa-miR-375 with ethyl paraben concentrations. Using Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses, gene targets and pathways of these EV-miRNAs were predicted in silico and 17 KEGG FDR-significant pathways related to follicular development and oocyte competence were identified.Conclusions:Our results show that urinary concentrations of select phenol and phthalate metabolites are correlated with altered EV-miRNAs expression in follicular fluid. These findings may provide insight regarding the molecular mechanisms underlying adverse effects of phenol and phthalate exposure on female fertility.P30 ES009089/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/United StatesR21 ES024236/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/United StatesT42 OH008416/OH/NIOSH CDC HHS/United StatesT42OH008416/ACL HHS/United State
2018-2019 Influenza Season Week 4 ending January 26, 2019
Get PDFAll data are preliminary and may change as more reports are received.An overview of the CDC influenza surveillance system, including methodology and detailed descriptions of each data component, is available at http://www.cdc.gov/flu/weekly/overview.htm.Synopsis: Influenza activity increased in the United States. Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, influenza A(H3N2), and influenza B viruses continue to co-circulate. Below is a summary of the key influenza indicators for the week ending January 26, 2019:\u2022 Viral Surveillance: The percentage of respiratory specimens testing positive for influenza viruses in clinical laboratories increased. Influenza A viruses have predominated in the United States since the beginning of October. Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses have predominated in most areas of the country, however influenza A(H3) viruses have predominated in the southeastern United States (HHS Region 4).o Virus Characterization: The majority of influenza viruses characterized antigenically and genetically are similar to the cell-grown reference viruses representing the 2018\u20132019 Northern Hemisphere influenza vaccine viruses.o Antiviral Resistance:The vast majority of influenza viruses tested (>99%) show susceptibility to oseltamivir and peramivir. All influenza viruses tested showed susceptibility to zanamivir.\u2022 Influenza-like Illness Surveillance:The proportion of outpatient visits for influenza-like illness (ILI) increased to 3.8%, which is above the national baseline of 2.2%. All 10 regions reported ILI at or above their region-specific baseline level.o ILI State Activity Indictor Map: New York City and 23 states experienced high ILI activity; Puerto Rico and 10 states experienced moderate ILI activity; the District of Columbia and 13 states experienced low ILI activity; and four states experienced minimal ILI activity.\u2022 Geographic Spread of Influenza: The geographic spread of influenza in 45 states was reported as widespread; Puerto Rico and three states reported regional activity; two states reported local activity; the District of Columbia and the U.S. Virgin Islands reported sporadic activity; and Guam did not report.\u2022 Influenza-associated Hospitalizations A cumulative rate of 15.3 laboratory-confirmed influenza-associated hospitalizations per 100,000 population was reported. The highest hospitalization rate is among adults 65 years and older (39.8 hospitalizations per 100,000 population).\u2022 Pneumonia and Influenza Mortality: The proportion of deaths attributed to pneumonia and influenza (P&I) was at the system-specific epidemic threshold in the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) Mortality Surveillance System.\u2022 Influenza-associated Pediatric Deaths: Two influenza-associated pediatric deaths were reported to CDC during week 4
Ann Epidemiol
Get PDFPurpose:To examine the association between exposures to violence in childhood, including exposure to multiple forms of violence, with young men\u2019s perpetration of intimate partner violence (IPV) in Malawi.Methods:We analyzed data from 450 ever-partnered 18- to 24-year-old men interviewed in the Malawi Violence Against Children and Young Woman Survey, a nationally representative, multistage cluster survey conducted in 2013. We estimated the weighted prevalence for perpetration of physical and/or sexual IPV and retrospective reporting of experiences of violence in childhood and examined the associations between childhood experiences of violence and perpetration of IPV using logistic regression.Results:Among young men in Malawi, lifetime prevalence for perpetration of sexual IPV (24%) was higher than for perpetration of physical IPV (9%). In logistic regression analyses, the adjusted odds ratios for perpetration of sexual IPV increased in a statistically significant gradient fashion, from 1.2 to 1.4 to 3.7 to 4.3 for young men with exposures to one, two, three, and four or more forms of violence in childhood, respectively.Conclusions:Among young men in Malawi, exposure to violence in childhood is associated with an increased odds of perpetrating IPV, highlighting the need for programs and policies aimed at interrupting the intergenerational transmission of violence.CC999999/Intramural CDC HHS/United StatesPEPFAR/PEPFAR
Am J Ind Med
Get PDFBackground:Although cigarette smoking has declined among U.S. workers, smoking remains high among construction workers. This study assessed tobacco product use among U.S. construction workers.Methods:The 2014\u20132016 National Health Interview Survey data for U.S. working adults were analyzed.Results:Of the 10.2 (6.3% of working adults) million construction workers, 35.1% used any tobacco product; 24.4% were cigarette smokers, 8.3% were cigar, cigarillo, pipe or hookah smokers, 7.8% were smokeless tobacco users, 4.4% were e-cigarette users, and 7.6% used 652 tobacco product users. Tobacco use varied by worker characteristics, with highest tobacco use (>35%) among those reporting 645 years on the job, temporary work status, job insecurity, or an unsafe workplace. Construction workers had higher odds of tobacco product use than non-construction workers.Conclusions:Over one-third of U.S. construction workers use tobacco products and disparities exist across sub-groups. Workplace tobacco control strategies could reduce tobacco use among this population.CC999999/Intramural CDC HHS/United StatesNo funding source was reported for this study/Internationa
Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) summary report : February 20-21, 2013, Atlanta, Georgia
Get PDFPublication date from document properties.2013_2 minutes.pd
CDC Kenya\u2019s Global HIV & TB Program
No full textFor more than 15 years, CDC Kenya, through the U.S. President\u2019s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR), has worked with multiplestakeholders, including the Kenya Ministry of Health (MOH) and local partners, to support and strengthen prevention and controlefforts for HIV and TB.Publication date from document properties.DGHT-Infographic-2018-508.pdf201
Vaccine storage & handling toolkit
No full textProper vaccine storage and handling are important factors in preventing and eradicating many common vaccine- preventable diseases. Yet, each year, storage and handling errors result in revaccination of many patients and significant financial loss due to wasted vaccines. Failure to store and handle vaccines properly can reduce vaccine potency, resulting in inadequate immune responses in patients and poor protection against disease. Patients can lose confidence in vaccines and providers if they require revaccination because the vaccines they received may have been compromised.This toolkit provides information, recommendations, and resources to assist you in properly storing and handling your vaccine supply. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Vaccine Storage and Handling Toolkit brings together best practices from the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) General Best Practice Guidelines for Immunization,* product information from vaccine manufacturers, and results of scientific studies. Implementing these best practices and recommendations will help protect your patients, safeguard your vaccine supply, and avoid the unnecessary costs of revaccinating patients and replacing expensive vaccines.For specific, detailed storage and handling protocols for individual vaccines, always refer to the manufacturers\u2019 product information and package inserts,* or contact the manufacturer directly.CS296544-Bstorage-handling-toolkit.pdf201
Handwashing is your superpower! [Spanish]
No full textHandwashing is your superpower! [Spanish]Mantente sano. L\ue1vate las manos.www.cdc.gov/handwashing/espCS294906-EPublication date from document properties.Handwashing-GIRL-superhero-SPANISH-8x11-p.pdf201
Alcohol Screening and Brief Intervention (ASBI)
No full textHealth care providers can use ASBI before prescribing opioids to reduce opioid overdose deaths involving alcohol
Sleep Health
Get PDFIntroduction:This study identifies associations between sleep outcomes and sexual orientation net of sociodemographic and health-related characteristics, and produces estimates generalizable to the US adult population.Participants/methods:We used 2013\u20132015 National Health Interview Survey data (46,909 men; 56,080 women) to examine sleep duration and quality among straight, gay/lesbian, and bisexual US adults. Sleep duration was measured as meeting National Sleep Foundation age-specific recommendations for hours of sleep per day. Sleep quality was measured by 4 indicators: having trouble falling asleep, having trouble staying asleep, taking medication to help fall/stay asleep (all 654 times in the past week), and having woken up not feeling well rested ( 654 days in the past week).Results:In the adjusted models, there were no differences by sexual orientation in the likelihood of meeting National Sleep Foundation recommendations for sleep duration. For sleep quality, gay men were more likely to have trouble falling asleep, to use medication to help fall/stay asleep, and to wake up not feeling well rested relative to both straight and bisexual men. Gay/lesbian women were more likely to have trouble staying asleep and to use medication to help fall/stay asleep relative to straight women. Finally, bisexual women were more likely to have trouble falling and staying asleep relative to straight women.Conclusions:Sexual minority women and gay men report poorer sleep quality compared with their straight counterparts.20172019-02-01T00:00:00ZCC999999/Intramural CDC HHS/United States29332681PMC63178491060