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Neglected parasitic infections in the United States
Get PDFMost people think of parasitic diseases occurring in poor and developing countries, something they might pick up on an overseas trip. However, parasitic infections still occur in the United States, and in some cases, affect millions of people. Often they can go unnoticed, with few symptoms. But many times these infections cause serious illnesses, including seizures, blindness, heart failure, and even death.Anyone, regardless of race or economic status, can become infected, although minorities, immigrants, and people living in poor or disadvantaged communities appear to be most at risk. The good news is that most of these infections can be prevented, and many are treatable. However, these infections are often undetected and untreated. Why? Most people do not know they are infected or at risk, or don\u2019t have access to appropriate care. And often, health care providers are unfamiliar with these parasitic infections, and may not diagnose or treat them appropriately. We have limited understanding about how many people are infected, or who is most at risk.Publication date from document properties.npi_factsheet.pd
National Preparedness Month 2018 : partner toolkit
Get PDFThe hurricanes of 2017 reminded us all of not just the importance but also the necessity of being prepared to protect the health of your family until help arrives.This September, the CDC Office of Public Health Preparedness and Response (PHPR) wants to remind people of theThe Power of Preparedness and that it takes everyone \u201cpulling in the same direction\u201d to build communities and a nation that can withstand, adapt to, and recover from complex public health challenges.This year\u2019s call-to-action is Prepare Your Health (#PrepYourHealth). There are four weekly themes highlighting the roles individuals, state and local public health, and CDC play in creating resilient health communities.We created the following toolkit for you to use at your discretion as part of your National Preparedness Month (#NatlPrep) messaging. Feel free to use the tweets and posts verbatim, or to localize the messages for your audiences. We welcome all feedback, including topic suggestions for additional toolkits, in an effort to improve the usability and usefulness of future resources.Publication date from document properties.CDC-NPM-SMToolkit.pdf201
TABLE 1. Weekly cases of selected infrequently reported notifiable diseases (<1,000 cases reported during the preceding year), excluding U.S. territories -- United States, week ending September 29, 2018 (WEEK 39)
Get PDF2018-39-table1-H.pd
Weekly cases of selected notifiable diseases ( 65 1,000 cases reported during the preceding year), and selected low frequency diseases, United States and U.S. territories, week ending October 6, 2018 (WEEK 40). TABLE 2l, Legionellosis; Malaria
No full text2018-40-table2L-H.pdfLegionellosis -- Malaria.2018936
Preventing opioid overdoses in rural America
Get PDFDrug use and drug overdoses continue to be a critical public health issue across the United States. Drug overdose is now the leading cause of injury death.1 While the rate of drug use is lower in rural areas than in urban areas, the fatal overdose rate in rural areas continues to rise. In 2015, the rural overdose death rate has been higher than the urban rate since 2006.2This policy brief is a companion to CDC\u2019s Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, Illicit Drug Use, Illicit Drug Use Disorders, and Drug Overdose Deaths in Metropolitan and Non-metropolitan areas \u2014 United States but will focus on opioid use and overdose in rural America. The brief will explore policy options and other strategies that may help prevent opioid overdoses and reduce overdose death in rural areas. The brief also includes three case studies that present examples from the field.CS289495-APublication date from document properties.Policy-Brief_Opioiod-Overdoses-H.pdf201
Pediatr Dermatol
Get PDFBACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVESDespite rising skin cancer rates among children, multiple studies reveal
inadequate youth sun-protective behavior (e.g., sunscreen use). Using Healthy Passages
data for fifth-graders, we hypothesized sunscreen adherence is low among these children
and investigated factors related to sunscreen performance.METHODSSurvey data were collected from 5,119 fifth-graders and their primary
caregivers. Logistic regression assessed associations between sunscreen adherence and
performance of other preventive health behaviors (e.g., flossing, helmet use) and
examined predictors of sunscreen adherence. Analyses were repeated in non-Hispanic
Black, Hispanic, and non-Hispanic White subgroups.RESULTSSunscreen was almost always used by 23.4% of all students
(N=5,119), 5.9% of Non-Hispanic Blacks (N=1,748), 23.7%
of Hispanics (N=1,802), and 44.8% of non-Hispanic White students
(N= 1,249). Performing other preventive health behaviors was associated with
higher odds of sunscreen adherence (all p<0.001), with the highest adjusted odds
ratio for flossing teeth (2.41, 95% Confidence Interval 1.86 \u2013 3.13,
p<.001). Factors for lower odds of sunscreen adherence include being male,
non-Hispanic Black or Hispanic, and having lower socioeconomic status. School-based
sun-safety education and involvement in team sports were not significant factors.CONCLUSIONSOur data confirm low use of sun protection among fifth-graders. Future research
should explore how public health success in increasing prevalence of other preventive
health behaviors may be applied to enhance sun protection messages. Identifying risk
factors for poor adherence enables providers to target patients who need more education.
Improving educational policies and content in schools may be an effective way to address
sun-safety.U19 DP002664/DP/NCCDPHP CDC HHSUnited States/U19 DP002665/DP/NCCDPHP CDC HHSUnited States/TL1 TR000456/TR/NCATS NIH HHSUnited States/CC999999/ImCDC/Intramural CDC HHSUnited States/UL1 TR000454/TR/NCATS NIH HHSUnited States/UL1 TR002378/TR/NCATS NIH HHSUnited States/U19 DP002663/DP/NCCDPHP CDC HHSUnited States
J Fire Sci
Get PDFThe primary danger with underground mine fires is carbon monoxide poisoning. A good knowledge of smoke and carbon monoxide movement in an underground mine during a fire is of importance for the design of ventilation systems, emergency response, and miners' escape and rescue. Mine fire simulation software packages have been widely used to predict carbon monoxide concentration and its spread in a mine for effective mine fire emergency planning. However, they are not highly recommended to be used to forecast the actual carbon monoxide concentration due to lack of validation studies. In this article, MFIRE, a mine fire simulation software based on ventilation networks, was evaluated for its carbon monoxide spread prediction capabilities using experimental results from large-scale diesel fuel and conveyor belt fire tests conducted in the Safety Research Coal Mine at The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. The comparison between the simulation and test results of carbon monoxide concentration shows good agreement and indicates that MFIRE is able to predict the carbon monoxide spread in underground mine fires with confidence.CC999999/Intramural CDC HHS/United State
Women Health
Get PDFThis study qualitatively examined factors that influenced contraceptive choices in a sample of young, HIV-infected women. Individual qualitative interviews were conducted among 30 vertically and horizontally HIV-infected women (n\ua0=\ua026 African American) from the ages of 14 to 24\ua0years (Mean age\ua0=\ua020.9\ua0years). We recruited sample groups with the following characteristics: (a) current contraceptive/condom use with 651 child (n\ua0=\ua011); (b) current contraceptive/condom use with no children (n\ua0=\ua012); and (c) no current contraceptive/condom use with no children (n\ua0=\ua07). A semi-structured interview guide was used to ask participants about factors influencing past and current contraceptive choices. Individual interviews were digitally recorded and transcribed verbatim; analyses to identify core themes were informed by the Grounded Theoretical approach. Young, HIV-infected women did not identify their HIV serostatus or disease-related concerns as influential in their contraceptive decisions. However, they reported that recommendations from health-care providers and input from family and friends influenced their contraceptive choices. They also considered a particular method's advantages (e.g., menstrual cycle improvements) and disadvantages (e.g., increased pill burden) when selecting a method. Findings suggested that HIV-infected young women's contraceptive decisions were influenced by factors other than those related to their infection.K23 HD078153/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United StatesP30 AI050409/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United StatesU48 DP001909/DP/NCCDPHP CDC HHS/United State
Am J Prev Med
Get PDFContext:A recently updated Community Guide systematic review of the effectiveness of community water fluoridation (CWF) still found strong evidence that CWF reduced dental caries across populations. Although CWF was found to have saved money in a 2002 Community Guide review, the conclusion was based on studies before year 1995. Given the update to the effectiveness review and changes in the economic environment, re-examination of the benefit and cost of CWF is necessary.Evidence acquisition:Using methods developed for Community Guide economic reviews, 564 potentially relevant papers were identified within a search period from January 1995 to November 2013. Ten studies were included in the current review, with four covering CWF benefits only and another six providing both cost and benefit information. Additionally, two of the six studies analyzed the cost-effectiveness of CWF. The economic review was conducted in 2014.Evidence synthesis:For all four benefit\u2013only studies, which used regression analysis, dental costs in various forms were lower in communities with water fluoridation. For the remaining six studies, per capita annual intervention cost ranged from 4.89 in 2013 U.S dollars. Variation in cost was caused mainly by community population size, with decreasing per capita cost associated with increasing community population. Per capita annual benefit in the six studies ranged from 139.78. Variation in benefit was mainly due to the numbers and types of benefit components included in the benefit calculation. Benefit\u2013cost ratios ranged from 1.12:1 to 135:1, and these ratios were positively associated with community population size.Conclusions:Recent evidence continues to indicate that the economic benefit of community water fluoridation exceeds the intervention cost. Further, the benefit\u2013cost ratio increases with the community population size.CC999999/Intramural CDC HHSUnited States
