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Role of Friction Stir Processing Parameters on the Microstructure and Hardness of ZE41 Mg Alloy: A Taguchi Approach,
No full textIn the present study, the influence of friction stir processing (FSP) tool rotational speed and tool travel speed on achieving higher hardness in ZE41 Mg alloy was investigated by adopting a
Taguchi design model using orthogonal array. The extent of grain refinement, hardness enhance�ment, and achieving defect-free stir zones in FSP completely depend on process parameters. In the present work, FSP parameters such as tool rotation speed and tool traverse speed were varied. The microscopic and macroscopic observations revealed that tool speeds of 1,400 rpm with 25 and 50 mm/min feeds were found to be optimal to develop fine grain size and wide stir
zone, respectively, without defect. These results are in good agreement with the design model and help with choosing optimized parameters with a minimum number of experiments in devel�oping grain-refined ZE41 Mg alloy for emerging lightweight technological application
Genome-scale identification, classification, and tissue specific expression analysis of late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) genes under abiotic stress conditions in Sorghum bicolor L.
No full textLate embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins, the space fillers or molecular shields, are the hydrophilic protective proteins which play an important role during plant development and
abiotic stress. The systematic survey and characterization revealed a total of 68 LEA genes, belonging to 8 families in Sorghum bicolor. The LEA-2, a typical hydrophobic family is the
most abundant family. All of them are evenly distributed on all 10 chromosomes and chromosomes 1, 2, and 3 appear to be the hot spots. Majority of the S. bicolor LEA (SbLEA) genes are intron less or have fewer introns. A total of 22 paralogous events were observed and majority of them appear to be segmental duplications. Segmental duplication played an important role in SbLEA-2 family expansion. A total of 12 orthologs were observed with Arabidopsis and 13 with Oryza sativa. Majority of them are basic in nature, and targeted by chloroplast subcellular localization. Fifteen miRNAs targeted to 25 SbLEAs appear to participate in development, as well as in abiotic stress tolerance. Promoter analysis revealed the presence of abiotic stress-responsive DRE, MYB, MYC, and GT1, biotic stress-responsive WBox, hormone-responsive ABA, ERE, and TGA, and development-responsive SKn cis-elements. This reveals that LEA proteins play a vital role during stress tolerance and developmental processes. Using microarray data, 65 SbLEA genes were analyzed in different tissues (roots, pith, rind, internode, shoot, and leaf) which show clear tissue specific expression. qRT-PCR analysis of 23 SbLEA genes revealed their abundant expression in various tissues like roots, stems and leaves. Higher expression was noticed in stems compared to
roots and leaves. Majority of the SbLEA family members were up-regulated at least in one tissue under different stress conditions. The SbLEA3-2 is the regulator, which showed abundant expression under diverse stress conditions. Present study provides new insights into the formation of LEAs in S. bicolor and to understand their role in developmental processes
under stress conditions, which may be a valuable source for future research
Lung cancer detection based on CT scan images by using deep transfer learning
Get PDFLung cancer is the world’s leading cause of cancer death. The convolutional neural network (CNN) has been proved able to classify between malignant and benign tissues on CT scan
images. In this paper, a deep neural network is designed based on GoogleNet, a pre-trained CNN. To reduce the computing cost and avoid overfitting in network learning, the densely
connected architecture of the proposed network was sparsified, with 60 % of all neurons deployed on dropout layers. The performance of the proposed network was verified through a
simulation on a pre-processed CT scan image dataset: The Lung Image Database Consortium (LIDC) dataset, and compared with that of several pre-trained CNNs, namely, AlexNet, GoogleNet and ResNet50. The results show that our network achieved better classification accuracy than the contrastive networks
Design and Synthesis of Antimicrobial Active ( E )‐(3‐(Substituted‐styryl)‐7 H ‐furo[2,3‐ f ]chromen‐2‐ yl )(phenyl)methanone Derivatives and Their In Silico Molecular Docking Studies
Get PDFNine new ( E )‐(3‐(substituted‐styryl)‐7 H ‐furo[2,3‐ f ]chromen‐2‐yl)(phenyl)methanone derivatives, 7 ( a – i ), with an efficient microwave‐assisted synthetic method was achieved by reacting with ( E )‐3‐(aryl)‐1‐(5‐hydroxy‐2 H ‐chromen‐6‐yl)prop‐2‐en‐1‐ones and 2‐bromo‐1‐(4‐bromophenyl)ethanone. The microwave irradiation method was found to be best with high yields and with shorter reaction times compared with the conventional method. All the new products structural assignments were confirmed by spectral data like FTIR, 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR, ESI MS, and analytical data. Moreover, these newly synthesized compounds were tested in vitro for their antimicrobial activity against various bacterial and fungal strains. Some of these new chromen derivatives like 7b , 7c , and 7d exhibits good antibacterial and antifungal activities. Furthermore, these biological evolution results were a good correlation with molecular docking studies performed based on their computational DFT minimized structures exhibited high binding energies
Coordination preferred open metal sites containing porous coordination polymers for selective gas/solvent adsorption
Get PDFThree isostructural PCPs with molecular formula, Zn2M2(l3-OH)2(BTMB)2 Guest (M = Zn (1), Co (2) and Ni (3)) (BTMB3 = 1,3,5-benzenetris(m-benzoate)) were synthesized by refluxed conditions at 125 C. The obtained products were characterized by PXRD, TGA, and FTIR. These PCPs synthesized by this
new synthetic method containing unique mono-metallic, [Zn4(l3-OH)2] 6+ and bimetallic cluster cores [Zn2M2(l3-OH)2]
6+ (M = Zn, Co or Ni) with coordination-free open metal sites (OMSs). They also exhibited specific adsorption isotherms with varying surface areas using CO2 gas adsorption study. This might be due to the different metal ions present in the framework along with their different number of open metal Lewis acidic sites in the degassed state. The CO2 gas adsorption BET surface areas found to be 295, 317 and 272 m2 g1 and their CO2 gas adsorption Langmuir surface areas found to be 570, 662
and 560 m2 g1 , respectively for 1, 2 and 3 analogs. By utilizing this coordination preferred OMSs, we carried out various gas and solvent adsorption study for these three PCPS. The gas adsorption profiles of these PCPs indicated that the adsorption profile is type 1 and also the amount of gas adsorbed was different for three different metals ions used in these PCPs. Whereas, the solvents adsorption isotherms showed type-V of isotherm with aromatic solvents exhibited a unique gate-opening profile and aliphatic solvent molecules shown gate closing behavior
Comparison and storage study of ultra-filtered clarified jamun (Syzygium cumini) juice.
Get PDFUltrafiltration is one of the types of clarification process that was undertaken in this study together with examining and comparing the storage period of clarified juice by other methods (enzymatically treated, centrifugation, microfiltration). Centrifugation, ultrafiltration and microfiltration of jamun juice was carried out using a laboratory scale refrigerated centrifuge and filtration system. The juices obtained from various processes were evaluated on the basis of their physiochemical and microbial aspects over a period of 8 weeks. Enzyme treated and centrifuged juices were found to be degraded within 15–30 days while other juices had lesser changes in their properties. However microfiltered juice contained some yeasts and molds which increased with time. Ultrafiltration with 50 kDa pore size and 20 psi pressure was found to be the best method for clarification of jamun juice having a prolong shelf life with optimum qualities
Semi-analytical Evaluation of Entropy Generation in 1-D Heat Conduction with Variable Thermal Conductivity
Get PDFIn the present study, steady state heat transfer in a slab is analysed by applying the principle of variation calculus to the entropy generation minimization. The governing equation of the phenomena is obtained by minimizing the total entropy generation over the slab by considering the irreversibility and variation of thermal conductivity as a function of spatial co-ordinates. The governing equation is solved to obtain the temperature distribution, internal heat generation due to irreversibility, entropy generation number and entropy transport into system. The apparent heat sources that come into existence because of the irreversibility in heat diffusion have made the minimization of entropy generation feasible
Nitrogen-doped Nanocarbons (NNCs): Current Status and Future Opportunities
Get PDFAbstract
The current and estimated energy demand and their potential sources of supply indicate a daunting future for humanity on the planet unless sustainable solutions are developed. The scarcity, high cost and the potential environmental and health concerns
related to widely used noble-metals makes the situation even worse. Thus, active participation from scientific and industrial communities is essential to replace noble�metal (or any metal) based processes with more sustainable alternatives. In that context, recent developments in heteroatom-doped (especially nitrogen) nanocarbons and their wide-ranging applications show promises towards substituting the processes, which
normally utilize expensive, scarce and hazardous materials. Herein, a brief overview of nitrogen-doped nanocarbons (NNCs) is provided highlighting their significance and sustainable prospects
Low temperature processed titanium oxide thin-film using scalable wire�bar coating
No full textAbstract
Titanium oxide (a-TiO2) thin-films were coated at room temperature on glass substrates using sol-gel ink, wire-bar coating technique and post annealed at 100 °C, 150 °C and 200 °C for 1 hour, respectively. X-ray diffraction and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy analysis confirmed the amorphous nature of TiO2 thin-films irrespective of post annealing temperature. The optical transparency of a-TiO2 films was in the range of 75-85% in the visible region, the contact angles being 65.2° and 0° for a-TiO2 thin-film of as-deposited and post annealed at 200 °C, respectively. The post annealing process induced hydrophilic to superhydrophilic property without UV illumination. Moreover, the self-cleaning property of a�TiO2 was demonstrated by photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue dye under UV illuminatio
An adaptive PID control algorithm for the two-legged robot walking on a slope
No full textThe crux in designing the PID controller lies in determining its gain values, which play a major role in deciding its
performance. The gains are fed as inputs to the controller and are to be decided before its run. On the other hand, the
effectiveness of the biped walk purely depends on the performance of the PID controller. Initially, the upper and lower
body gaits of the two-legged robot are determined using the concept of inverse kinematics. Further, the dynamics of the
biped robot is derived by using Lagrange–Euler formulation. The main objective of the present research is to decide the
gains of the torque-based PID controller with the help of a neural network trained by using nature-inspired optimization
algorithms, namely MCIWO and PSO. The adaptiveness of the algorithm lies in modifying the gains of the controller based
on the magnitude of the error in the angular displacement received at the input to the NN. Once the controller is developed, its effectiveness is tested in computer simulations. Finally, the optimum controlled gait angles obtained by the best
approach are tested on a real biped robo