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FABRICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF FAST DISSOLVING FILMS OF ECLIPTA PROSTRATE LEAVES EXTRACT TO TREAT MOUTH ULCERS
Get PDFObjective: This research focused on the design of fast dissolving herbal film of Eclipta Prostrate leaves extract for mouth ulcers.
Methods: The extract of Eclipta Prostrata leaves was formulated as films by solvent casting method using various polymers viz., HPMC E5, HPMC E15, sodium alginate and PVA. The films were designed by using propylene glycol as a plasticizer, SSG as super disintegrate and honey as a sweetener. Furthermore, the films were evaluated for thickness, folding endurance, weight variation, % elongation, surface pH, % moisture uptake, % moisture loss, disintegration and in vitro drug release study.
Results: The revealed that all the films were good in appearance and had a smooth texture. Out of all ten formulations, F3 and F5 disintegrated rapidly with a disintegration time of 27 and 32 seconds. The drug release studies revealed that all the formulations had a good release profile, but the F3 formulation showed rapid release i.e. 83.57% in 4 min. The stability studies revealed that the formulations F3 and F5 were found good with non-tackiness, easily separable and disintegrated at 29 and 33 sec respectively with no appearance and drug release.
Conclusion: The research revealed that Eclipta prostrate leaves extract can be formulated into oral films for the treatment of mouth ulcers with improved bioavailability and expected patient compliance
Effect of naringenin on the pharmacokinetics of metoprolol succinate in rats
Get PDF1. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of naringenin (4,5,7-trihydroxy flavonone) on the pharmacokinetics of metoprolol, a substrate of Cytochrome P-450 3A4 (CYP3A4), CYP2C9, and CYP2D6 in rats.
2. Male Wistar rats were treated orally with metoprolol (30 mg/kg) alone and in combination with naringenin (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg) once daily for 15 consecutive days.
3. The plasma concentrations of metoprolol were determined using Reverse Phase-High Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC) on the 1st day in single-dose pharmacokinetic (PK) study (SDS) and on the 15th day in multiple dosing PK studies (MDS).
4. Compared to the metoprolol control group, the Cmax, AUC, and half-life (T1/2) of metoprolol increased in rats pre-treated with naringenin, while there was no significant change in Tmax. There is a significant decrease in clearance and volume of distribution.
5. The present study results revealed that naringenin significantly enhanced the Cmax, AUC, MRT, t1/2, and decreased the clearance of metoprolol possibly through the inhibition of CYP enzymes involved in the metabolism of metoprolol
Acoustic, Volumetric and FTIR study of binary liquid mixtures of 2-methyl cyclohexanone with amides
No full textAbstract
Densities, speeds of sound, and viscosities at various temperatures were determined for the systems: 2-methylcyclohexanone (2-MCYH) + formamide (F), N-methylformamide (NMF) and N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF). From the experimental results, Excess molar volume , E Vm
Excess isentropic compressibility , deviation in viscosity ∆ and excess Gibbs energy of E s activation of viscous flow G*E, Excess partial molar properties at infinite dilution , , °E Vm,1
°E Vm,2E Ks,m,1 and were calculated. There is evidence of complex formation between unlike molecules. °E Ks,m,2
FT-IR properties have been carried out to study the specific interaction, such as the formation of the hydrogen bond between unlike molecules in the binary liquid mixtures, a good agreement is observed among the excess parameters and FT-IR spectroscopic properties. Keywords: 2-methylcyclohexanone, amides, electron donor-acceptor interactions, FTIR spectr
A Cluster-Profile Comparative Study on Machining AlSi7/63% of SiC Hybrid Composite Using Agglomerative Hierarchical Clustering and K-Means
No full textClustering techniques are used to group the data based on the structure or through classification to reduce the mathematical
complexity of large datasets. The hierarchical and partitioning approach are two broad clustering/classification techniques in
data-mining. An attempt has been made to study the possibilities of taking the advantages of these approaches to machining. AlSi7/63% of SiC hybrid composite prepared by stir casting technique is machined using the Abrasive Water Jet Machine (AWJM) for Taguchi’s L27 Orthogonal Array (OA). Water Pressure, cutting distance, and cutting Speed are taken as independent parameters. Material Removal Rate (MRR), Kerf Angle (KA) and Surface profile Roughness (Ra) are taken as dependent responses. Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifiers with Agglomerative Hierarchical Clustering (AHC) classifies L27 OA into three classes of nine observations each. To compare and explore the difference between the partitional clustering and hierarchical clustering techniques at the same level of class, the study on K-means value is taken as 3 because of AHC group L27 OA into three classes. The value of K is fixed with three and it group into three classes of nine observations each. XLSTAT software is used for the analysis of AHC and K-means. Further, linear regression equations are developed for each class/classification of AHC and K-means and compared with the experimental observations. The analysis reveals that K-means classification based on the partitioning approach fits best with the experimental observations. AHC develops a single equation for all the classes, whereas K-means develops individual equations for all its classe
Investigation on the role of microstructure and temperature on tribological characteristics of fine-grained ZE41 Mg alloy
No full textIn the current work, ZE41 Mg alloy was processed by friction stir processing (FSP) to achieve grain refinement. In addition to grain refinement, decreased intermetallic phase (MgZn) was
also observed after FSP. Increased micro-hardness was observed for the processed ZE41 Mg alloy compared to the unprocessed base alloy. X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies demonstrated the texture characteristics in FSPed ZE41. Reciprocating wear studies conducted at three different temperatures, i.e. room temperature, 125 °C, and 250 °C showed lower mass loss for the processed alloy compared to that of the base alloy, particularly at elevated temperatures. This behavior can be understood by considering the benefit gained from the
smaller grains and decreased amount of intermetallic phase in the processed alloy, which reduced the abrasion wear. Hence, the present study suggests that the grain refinement and decreased MgZn phase significantly improve the temperature-dependent tribological characteristics of ZE41 Mg allo
Compression and flexural study on PLA-Cu composite filament using FDM
No full textResearchers are currently more interested in 3D printing technology to make complex components sim�pler than the traditional process. In the present work, 14 wt% of nano copper reinforced with Poly Lactic
Acid (PLA) was prepared for the Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) technique. The prepared composite filament was built to the ASTM, at different FDM parametric conditions, to determine the mechanical properties of the composite filament and to study, the effect of FDM parameters. The effect of the temperature of the bed, the height of the layer, and the nozzle temperature was studied for the compression and the flexural examinations and reported. The higher temperature of the nozzle and the bed temperature has improved the compressive and flexural strength
Wear experiments on PLA-Cu composite filament printed in different FDM conditions
No full textThe fabricated 3D composite filaments are processed and evaluated for wear property using the pin on disc
technique in a Fused Deposition Model (FDM). When measurements are taken under various machining conditions such as load, track diameter, and speed, Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) is used to optimize friction strength and wear rate. Some relevant similarities of those other metrics are found and documented using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). It is notable that the applied test load appears to have a greater contribution of about 76 percent and appears to have a high effect on the sample's end quality. To check the findings, a validation experiment is also carried ou
Observations of human muscle response during daily life activities of biped kinematics using a musculoskeletal simulator
No full textResearch in biomechanics has numerous applications including rehabilitation which helps in the fabrication of assistive devices. The Assistive devices or exoskeletons are used to serve the patients affected by stroke and spinal cord malfunctioning. These devices are programmed to follow a fixed redundant gait cycle and are lacking in producing natural movement of the gait. To overcome this limitation and make the device more user comfortable during usage of their daily life activities, a thorough study was done using an open source software that contributed to the design of exoskeleton device for the subject. In the current study, a simulation of various daily life activities are thoroughly studied using a musculoskeletal simulator package like OpenSim. The paper presents the observations of muscle responses from ground reaction forces with minimized metabolic cost function in various activities of daily living such as sitting to standing, standing to sitting, jumping, twisting suddenly while walking and turning suddenly. The study deliberates the inputs for developing more comfortable exoskeletons in performing tasks in a mor
Investigation and analysis of EDM process – a new approach with Al2O3 nano powder mixed in sunflower oil
No full textThis study analyses the EDM process of AISI D2 steel with copper tungsten electrode along with Al2O3 powder mixed in sunflower oil as a dielectric fluid in place of EDM oil. AISI D2 steel is predominantly used in the manufacture of precision components of dies, press tools, automobiles, aircraft and space equipment. For that reason, it has been selected as work piece
material. Based on the high conductivity nature of electrical and thermal characteristics of copper tungsten, it is used as an electrode in the process. Due to the easy availability and affordability, Al2O3 particles of 60 nano meter size is taken as catalyst for mixing with the sunflower oil and used as an alternate dielectric fluid in place of EDM oil. In order to reduce the harmful effects on the environment produced by the gases due to EDM oil, a vegetable oil namely, sunflower oil is
used in its place. Flash point, fire point is higher than 3000
C in sunflower oil when compared to conventional EDM oil. It is also eco-friendly and biodegradable. Input parameters of pulse
interval, pulse duration, discharge voltage and peak current are compared with various output parameters of the process, namely, electrode wear rate, surface roughness and material removal rate. Experiments are conducted using Taguchi L9 experimental design and the effect of process input values over the output process response are analyzed using ANOVA method. The analysis leads to the conclusion that powder mixed EDM process (PMEDM), in which Al2O3nano particles mixed with sunflower oil yields a minimum surface roughness due to the better heat absorption. More removal of material along with a lesser tool wear is also noticed. Nano particles of Al2O3 improved the surface finish due to the abrasive action of the lowest discharge gap between particles
Comparison of combustion, performance, energy and exergy characteristics of a diesel engine run on plastic and tire pyrolysis oil blends with diesel
No full textBlends of plastic oil with diesel and tire oil with diesel are applicable in powering a single-cylinder diesel engine, individually. Comparison of the individual blends of plastic oil and tire oil with diesel would help in understanding the pre-eminence of one over the other. Hence, the current study focuses on comparing the combustion, performance, energy and exergy characteristics of a diesel engine run on individual 10% blends of plastic oil and tire oil with diesel. Blending 10% of plastic oil to diesel resulted in a heat release rate of 50.21 J/deg CA, while it was 47.13 J/deg CA with tire oil-diesel blends. The percentage of heat energy lost in various unaccounted ways was found to be 29 and 47 with plastic oil-diesel and tire oil-diesel blends, respectively. Similarly, a significant amount (69%) was lost in unaccounted ways with the tire oil-diesel blend, while it was 60% with the plastic oil-diesel blend. Conclusively, blending plastic oil with diesel was more advantageous than blending it with tire oil, in terms of brake thermal efficiency, brake-specific fuel consumption, energy utilisation and degradation