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Composite deep neural network with gated-attention mechanism for diabetic retinopathy severity classification
No full textDiabetic Retinopathy (DR) is a micro vascular complication caused by long-term diabetes mellitus. Unidentifed diabetic
retinopathy leads to permanent blindness. Early identifcation of this disease requires frequent complex diagnostic procedure which is expensive and time consuming. In this article, we propose a composite deep neural network architecture with
gated-attention mechanism for automated diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy. The feature descriptors obtained from multiple
pre-trained deep Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) are used to represent color fundus retinal images. Spatial pooling
methods are introduced to get the reduced versions of these representations without loosing much information. The proposed composite DNN learns independently from each of these reduced representations through diferent channels and contributes to improving the model generalization. In addition, model also includes gated attention blocks which allows the model to emphasize more on lesion portions of the retinal images while reduced attention to the non-lesion regions. Our experiments on APTOS-2019 Kaggle blindness detection challenge reveal that, the proposed approach leads to improved performance when compared to the existing best models. Our empirical studies also reveal that, the proposed approach leads to more generalised predictions with multi-modal representations when compared to those of uni-modal representations. The proposed composite deep neural network model recorded an accuracy of 82.54% (↑ 2%), and a Kappa score of 79 (↑ 9 points) for diabetic retinopathy severity level predictio
A technological overview & design considerations for developing electric vehicle charging stations
Get PDFIn recent years, it is seen that there has been a huge expansion in the electric vehicles market aiming to reduce the impact of greenhouse gases. The deployment of an optimal and cost-effective electric vehicle charging stations similar to petrol/diesel stations with advanced control algorithms is necessary for the successful implementation. This review paper gives an overview of electric vehicles and various configurations about the design aspects of charging station. The charging stations are categorized on the basis of power utilized with various optimization algorithms, methods and future directions are presented to have an optimal design. And also, the
highlights of grid connected combination of renewable energy based and grid connected, off-grid mode are summarized along with the future scope. Incorporation of renewable energy along with storage systems in the charging station can reduce the high load taken from the grid especially at peak times. By providing an overview of these key areas, the review study aims to provide a deep insight to the industry experts and researchers for
future developments
Functional Exploration of Chaperonin (HSP60/10) Family Genes and their Abiotic Stress-induced Expression Patterns in Sorghum bicolor
No full textBackground:
Sorghum, the C4 dry-land cereal, important for food, fodder, feed and fuel, is a model crop for abiotic stress tolerance with smaller genome size, genetic diversity, and bioenergy traits. The heat shock proteins/chaperonin 60s (HSP60/Cpn60s) assist the plastid proteins, and participate in the folding and aggregation of proteins. However, the functions of HSP60s in abiotic stress tolerance in Sorghum remain unclear.
Methods:
Genome-wide screening and in silico characterization of SbHSP60s were carried out along with tissue and stress-specific expression analysis.
Results:
A total of 36 HSP60 genes were identified in Sorghum bicolor. They were subdivided into 2 groups, the HSP60 and HSP10 co-chaperonins encoded by 30 and 6 genes, respectively. The genes are distributed on all the chromosomes, chromosome 1 being the hot spot with 9 genes. All the HSP60s were found hydrophilic and highly unstable. The HSP60 genes showed a large number of introns, the majority of them with more than 10. Among the 12 paralogs, only 1 was tandem and the remaining 11 segmental, indicating their role in the expansion of SbHSP60s. Majority of the SbHSP60 genes expressed uniformly in leaf while a moderate expression was observed in the root tissues, with the highest expression displayed by SbHSP60-1. From expression analysis, SbHSP60- 3 for drought, SbHSP60-9 for salt, SbHSP60-9 and 24 for heat and SbHSP60-3, 9 and SbHSP10- 2 have been found implicated for cold stress tolerance and appeared as the key regulatory genes.
Conclusion:
This work paves the way for the utilization of chaperonin family genes for achieving abiotic stress tolerance in plants
Preparation of Nutraceutical Health Drink Using Aloe Vera as a Base Ingredient
No full textAloe vera belonging to the Liliaceae family is an annual, warm, drought-resistant and delectable plant rich in nutrients and minerals. Therefore, it can very well be used as a natural supplement to the everyday diet. The present investigation reports the scope of aloe vera as the nutraceutical component present in ready-to-serve (RTS) fruit beverages. Standardised extraction techniques for aloe vera juice are discussed. Further, the physicochemical properties, proximate and mineral composition of aloe vera juice in the prepared health drink were investigated. The protocol for preparation of an RTS fruit beverage by utilising aloe vera juice as a novel ingredient in the formulation of health drinks is studied by a varying proportion of aloe vera juice. The quality parameters of the processed aloe vera constituting health drink stored under refrigerated at 50 °C and atmospheric (35–36 °C) conditions were established to assess its shelf life
Recent development, challenges, and prospects of extrusion technology
Get PDFThere is a significant advancement in the modification of extruders for the commercial application in food processing sector, especially during the last three decades. Extrusion is one among the most commercially successful technology, escalating its demand in the diverse field of the food industry, including food processing, digital food marketing (3-D printed food) and food packaging. The paper aims to review the developments in the last 5 years. The novel innovations include hot-melt extrusion, supercritical fluid assisted extrusion and extrusion-based 3-D printing. Hot-melt extrusion finds application in developing food with taste-masking properties of functional components and with high repeatability andy targeted delivery with widespread application in meat replacements, cheese, cocoa etc. The supercritical fluids assisted extrusion is used to develop products rich in nutrients that are heat sensitive. Extrusion based 3-D printing is the latest trend focusing on digitalizing commercial food market with nutritionally personalized and geometrically complex food products. The review also gives lights to the application of extrusion in the food packaging sector as biodegradable polymers replacing synthetic petroleum products. It can be inferred that novel technologies in the extrusion have a promising future for the commercialization of both product and technology
Effect of tannase (Aspergillus ficcum) on physicochemical properties of clarified Jamun juice
Get PDFIndian black berry known as Jamun is a minor fruit which contains high amount of tannin. Extraction and clarification of juice is quite difficult due to its pulp nature. Tannase a membrane bound enzyme is added to clarify the Jamun juice which helps to obtain high yield. The target area of the work is to build up the procedure for streamlining of process factor to obtain Jamun juice, utilizing tannase (strain: Aspergillus ficcum). Physicochemical parameters (clarity, colour change, polyphenol, turbidity, protein, TSS and yield) were analyzed at a temperature range between (30 o C-50 o C), with (0.01%-0.1% w/v) concentration and time orbit of (40-120 min). Coefficient of determination (R 2) value more than 0.9 have been used to measure the prominent differences in the response characteristics. Clarified juice was obtained at 0.05% enzyme concentration at 40 o C for 80 minutes
Highly selective detection of isatin using curcumin analogue and its application in real samples
No full textABSTRACT
A novel curcumin analogue bearing indole NH (DP4) unit was synthesized as fluorescent sensor for isatin in biological system with fairly selective over other competitors. The sensor triggered a “turn-off” fluorescence response toward isatin with concurrent decrease with fluorescence intensity in PBS buffer solution at pH 7.4. The detection limit of isatin was calculated as low as 241 nM. It can be employed to detect isatin in biological samples in buffer medium. The hydrogen bonding interaction of probe with isatin was studied using 1H NMR titration and
DFT calculation
The use of teaching-learning based optimization technique for optimizing weld bead geometry as well as power consumption in additive manufacturing
No full textQuality of weld bead geometry (width and height of metal deposited) and power consumption are still big challenges to the manufacture to control them in gas metal arc based additive manufacturing. The present study is aimed to optimize weld bead geometry and also made an attempt to reduce power
consumption. Experiments are conducted at different torch angles, currents, wire feed speeds and welding speeds. Experimental results for width, height and depth of weld bead, power consumption and arc force are collected. Finite element method based numerical simulation is performed for width of
molten pool to study its effect on the width and height of the weld bead. The process parameters are optimized using teaching-learning based optimization technique for achieving optimum weld bead geometry and power consumption. The proposed methodology found two optimal working conditions.
Based on the power consumption, the optimal working condition-I is selected as best optimal working condition with optimum bead geometry such as 6.014 mm of width and 4.083 mm of height. The optimum power consumption is found to be 2496 W which is around 17%e41% less than that of experiments carried out. The optimal working condition is as follows: 124 A of current, 76.8 of torch angle,8.38 m/min of wire feed speed and 0.42 m/min of welding speed
Vibration-based tool condition monitoring in milling of Ti-6Al-4V using an optimization model of GM(1,N) and SVM
No full textTitanium alloys are the difficult to cut metals due to their low thermal conductivity and chemical affinity with tool material. Since the tool vibration is a replica of tool wear and surface roughness, the present study has proposed a methodology for estimating tool wear and surface roughness based on tool
vibration for milling of Ti-6Al-4V alloy using cemented carbide mill cutter. Experiments are conducted at optimum levels of cutting speed, feed per tooth and depth of cut and experimental results for the tool vibration, tool wear and surface roughness are collected until the flank wear reached 0.3 mm (ISO3685:1993). In the next stage, an optimization model of grey prediction GM(1,N) system and support vector machine (SVM) are used and estimated tool wear and surface roughness related to tool vibration.The predicted values of tool wear and surface roughness are compared with the experimental results. The
optimization model of GM(1,N) predicted the tool wear and surface roughness with an average error of 3.03% and as 0.7% respectively while the SVM predicted with an average error of 7.67% and 4.45% respectivel
Micro Textured Cutting Inserts with Solid Lubrication as Alternative Coolant to Mineral Oil-Based Cutting Fluid in Turning Operation
No full textTurning process is a primary process in engineering industries and optimization of process parameters enhance the
machining performance. Inconel 718 is a nickel-based superalloy, widely found applications in the manufacturing of
blades, sheets and discs in aircraft engines and rocket engines. It provides toughness at low temperature, with stand
high mechanical stresses at elevated temperature and creep resistance. In this work, turning process is carried out on
Inconel 718 with micro hole textured cutting inserts filled with solid lubricants. Three different solid lubricants are used
namely molybdenum-di-sulfide (MoS2), tungsten-di-sulfide (WS2) and calcium-di-fluoride (CaF2). Experiments are
performed as per L9 orthogonal array. Statistical approaches such as orthogonal array, Signal-to-Noise (S/N) ratio and
Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) are used to find the importance and effects of machining parameters. In this study, input
parameters included are feed, cutting speed and depth of cut and output parameter includes surface roughness.
Optimization of process parameters is carried out and the significance is estimated. The result suggested that WS2
followed by MoS2 and CaF2 given good surface finish value. Also, solid lubricant in machining enhances the
sustainability in manufacturing