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A Survey on Additively Manufactured Nanocomposite Biomaterial for Orthopaedic Applications
Get PDFThe sturdy demands in orthopaedics are not yet fulfilled, in both bone replacement and joint substitution and also in other repairs of bone defects. Metals are used for bone repair and replacement for a long period of time instead of biomaterial. Most of the countries are still now practising bone replacement with metals like titanium and stainless steel only due to the lag of technology advancement. A lot of research and development paves the way to composite biomaterial, as it is evolving in the
domain of treatment of orthopaedics. There was massive research undergoing in the biomaterial field recently, and various methods of fabrication have been tested and implemented. Nanocomposites provide a higher surface-to-volume ratio, surface chemistry and nanoscale reinforcement, flexible production techniques, good corrosion and erosion resistance, and cheaper costs. The nanocomposite biomaterials were intended for biomedical purposes. Because of the intricacy of biological structures (tissue or organ) and additive manufacturing techniques for tissue engineering, scaffolding has wide scope for instant remedies in bone implant. The design restrictions and physical attributes of fast prototyping structures are then evaluated in terms of input factors like design elements, material choices, and additive manufacturing processing parameters. As a result of this survey, the needs and application importance of additively manufactured implants for the regeneration of various biomaterial types as well as the attempts undertaken to mitigate their medical impairment are suggested
LoRa Faceted Device Assisting Women’s Safety
Get PDFToday’s situation, the necessary examination of every young girl’s mind, taking into account the constant increase in issues of women’s uprising in the past, is her safety. To help settle this issue we propose a LoRa based women wellbeing system. This gadget comprises of a framework that guarantees double cautions if she thinks she is in a difficult situation. This framework can be turned on by a lady on the off chance that she even figures she would be in a difficult situation. In a panic alarming framework, if the lady is hit on the head from behind, she may never find an opportunity to press the emergency signal and nobody will realize she is in a difficult situation. Our framework tackles this issue. This gadget is to be turned on ahead of time by a lady in the event that she is strolling on a forlorn street or some dull rear entryway or any far off territory. Just the lady validated to the gadgets can begin the framework by finger impression check. When begun the gadgets requires the lady to continually check her finger on the framework like clockwork, else the framework presently sends her area to the approved number through SMS. In this case regardless of whether somebody hits the lady or the lady tumbles down and get oblivious, she doesn’t have to do anything, the framework consequently sends message when the fingerprint is missed. The gadget utilizes GPS sensor alongside a GS, modem, LCD display, LoRa and microcontroller based circuit to accomplish this framework
Structured Ranking Method-based Feature Selection in Data Mining
Get PDFAbstract—Feature selection has been emphasized on an
operative approach for dealing with large volume data. The
majority of these approaches are skewed into high-ranking
features to get well right features towards classification. This
paper proposes a structured feature ranking (SFR) approach for
large volume data to address this challenge. We present a
subspace feature-based clustering approach to find out feature-
based cluster as per class labels. The various feature clusters are
created ranked for features independently using the SFR
approach, based on the subspace weight provided by SFC. Then,
for ranking the features, we offer a structured feature weighting
method in which the high-rank characteristics are utilized for
class labels. SFC's approach has been tested in a variety of
features. On a collection of large volume datasets, the proposed
SFR approach is compared to six feature selection methods. The
results demonstrate that SFR method outperformed than
methods
Cloud Resource Management for Network Cameras
No full textMost of the network cameras flow dynamic and adequate visual data from several locations such as traffic, check gate/tollgate, natural scenes, etc. These data from high resolution network cameras can be used in several applications that help to find the needed significant resources. The cloud vendors provide the required resources as per the hourly cost which is not always so affordable for several applications using cameras and instances. This problem can be solved using bin packing and heuristic algorithm. Thus, the allocation and deallocation of instances are maintained by cloud resource manager, by which the cost is controlled accordingly. The performance of this framework is considered based on multiple analyses of programs, moving object detection, feature tracking, and large number of images
Development of Nusselt correlation for heat transfer studies in vertical transport duct using limestone and chalcopyrite for waste heat recovery
No full textoai:ir.vignan.ac.in:2Process industries deal with high energy inputs and often generate high temperature exit gases, which can potentially be considered as secondary energy sources. If such waste heat is recovered, considerable savings in the net energy demand is possible. This report, based on this objective, details the outcome of an experimental study conducted in a vertical transport duct (riser) where solid particles, through a co-current contact with hot gas, recover the energy content of the gas. Data relevant to heat transfer patterns are collected as not much information is available in the literature on these aspects. Empirical correlation for heat transfer coefficient (Nusselt Number) is proposed as urn:x-wiley:19447442:media:ep13747:ep13747-math-0001. Fabricated experimental setup is a prototype of suspension preheater (riser – cyclone combination) used in a modern day cement industry but the correlation can be extended to diverse other industries, where waste heat recovery is possible
Study of alkali treatment and its influence on characteristics of Borassus Palm fiber
Get PDFPalmyra fibers are found to be the renewable and sustainable fiber in textile applications. These fibers possess good tensile strength and found to be used as a natural reinforcement material for composites. The main objective of this work is to extract and treat the fibers with varying concentrations of NaOH (2%,3%,4%& 5%) to evaluate the mechanical properties, surface morphology, and fiber orientation. The observations in SEM images denote the removal of impurities like hemi cellulose and lignin after the alkali treatment. 4% NaOH-treated fibers results in higher tensile strength (63.43 MPa) and a further increase in alkali concentration to 5% results in a reduction of the tensile strength (62.65 MPa). For all the treated fibers, elongation at break was found to be higher than the untreated one. The orientation in the fiber structure improves after the alkali treatment up to 4% and a further increase in alkali concentration leads to a decrease in the orientation which was observed through X-ray diffraction studies
Association between physical activity knowledge and attitude on diabetes among normal weight and overweight/obese type-2 diabetic patients: a rural community-based cross-sectional study
Get PDFBackground: Physical activity is one of the most important regimens for the treatment of diabetes. Hence, we aimed to examine the association between physical activity knowledge (PAK), knowledge and attitude on diabetes among rural T2DM patients.
Objectives: The PAK, knowledge and attitude on diabetes were targeted to evaluate in rural Indian T2DM patients.
Methodology: A cross-sectional community-based survey was carried out with eighty-four patients with known T2DM in rural population of India
Results: Among 84 patients, 46 were overweight/obese and 38 patients with normal weight were participated in our study. The odds of smoking were found to be a significant socio-demographic risk factor (OR: 4.42, 95% CI 0.93-20.33 and P<0.001) compared to non-smokers. The PAK categories such as A, B & D had associated with BMI. The OR, 95% CI and P. Value are (5.610, 2.18-14.38 and P<0.001; 1.72, 0.72-4.12 and P 0.030; 2.55, 1.05-6.20 and P 0.047) except in category C. Iilliterates, low annual income, poor knowledge on T2DM and negative attitude, OR (4.50; 12.87; 10.80 and 47.66) were reported disagree or don’t know with PAK questionnaire.
Conclusion: The results have impact on the design of new education programs will assist in preventing and managing complications related to T2DM
Novel RP-UPLC Method Development and Validation for Simultaneous Quantification of Emtricitabine, Tenofovir and Efavirenz in Bulk and Tablet Dosage Forms
Get PDFObjective: The objective of this work is to develop a precise, accurate and validated reverse phase ultraperformance liquid chromatographic technique for effective simultaneous determination of Emtricitabine, Tenofovir and Efavirenz in bulk and tablet formulation.
Method: Separation of the selected drugs was optimized after several trials including changing mobile phase and its composition, stationary phase, flow rate, column temperature, etc. Finally the separation of drugs was achieved on BEH C18 column using a mixture of methanol and phosphate buffer having pH 3.5 in the ratio of 65:35 v/v as mobile phase with flow rate of 0.3 ml/min and the analytes were detected at a wavelength of 260 nm. Results: The developed method was validated by determining the parameters like linearity, system suitability, recovery, precision, specificity, robustness, ruggedness, LOD, and LOQ as per the International Council for Harmonization of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH) guidelines. The system suitability parameters were within the limits, retention times (Rt) for Emtricitabine, Tenofovir and Efavirenz were found to be 0.432, 0.671, and 2.772 min respectively. The method showed linearity between the concentration range of 10-50 μg/ml for Emtricitabine (r2= 0.9987), 15-75 μg/ml for Tenofovir (r2= 0.9983) and 30-150 μg/ml for Efavirenz (r2= 0.9982). The percentage recovery results at 50%, 100% and 150% of Emtricitabine, Tenofovir and Efavirenz were found to be in the range of 99.45 % - 100.15 %. Since there was no interference due to excipients and mobile phase, the method was found to be specific. The assay results of the combined tablet dosage form by the developed method were identified as in good agreement with the acceptance limit.
Conclusions: The current method was proved to be effective for routine simultaneous determination of Emtricitabine, Tenofovir and Efavirenz in bulk and tablet formulation
Study On Influence Of Process Parameters On Quality Of Lovastatin Microspheres By Design Of Experiments
Get PDFScale-up of microspheres is major challenge at large scale manufacturing. The foremost objective of this research was to study the impact of key process parameters and formulation parameters, which are significant during scale-up, on the quality characteristic of the lovastatin microspheres. Emulsion solvent evaporation technique was explored to generate microspheres. Including the amount & type of polymer, process parameters like viscosity of the internal and temperatures used for evaporation of the solvent were taken as the factors. The key quality control parameters of the microspheres viz. entrapment efficiency and drug release rate constant were considered as the response variables on which the influence of the factors to be studied. Under response surface methodology, historical data design was employed to design of experiments (DoE) analysis using Stat Ease Design Expert software. Apart from the responses, the microspheres prepared were studied for flow properties, percentage yield and surface morphology. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images illustrated that the microspheres were
almost spherical having different surface texture for different polymers. Entrapment efficiency results were found to be in the range of 78.43 – 93.83%; and the values of drug release rate constant were to be in the range of 0.09 – 1.2 h-1 for all the prepared microspheres. Response surface linear model was selected to elucidate the relation between the factors and the responses. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) of the selected model indicated that all the selected factors including the key process parameters had significant influence on both the responses. Later, graphical optimization was performed with the set desirability of maximizing the entrapment efficiency and minimizing the drug release rate constant. The microspheres obtained from the optimised formula were found to have 92.4% entrapment efficiency and 0.102 h-1 as the drug release rate constant. These results signified that the selected factors including the process parameters had substantial influence on the quality characteristics of the prepared microspheres
GENERATION OF 1-BIT FULL ADDER IN CMOS AND TG LOGIC DESIGN FOR LOW POWER APPLICATION
Get PDFThis paper presents the comparative performance analysis of a 1-bit full adder in two different logic styles CMOS & TG. In this work, the foremost concentration is to lower power dissipation & delay by using the technology scaling approach and developing the circuit to operate at low voltage levels. The circuit interaction is made possible for designing more consistent functional architectures at the minimum power supply of 0.45-1.8v. In the conventional method, two half adders are designed to construct a full adder using an XOR-AND gate to generate a SUM and CARRY( 1-bit) with 28 transistors in static CMOS logic, such a high transistor count to generate 1-bit impliesrequiring more transistors to generate 4,8,16,32 bit. To minimize the transistor count another logic style called transmission gate (TG) is introduced to design such complex designs in an easier manner. The simulation results of 1-bit full adder CMOS, TG logic are taken from CADENCE Virtuoso in 180, 90 & 45nm technology and the parametric analysis proved better results for TG. This paper presents the comparative performance analysis of a 1-bit full adder in two different logic styles CMOS & TG. In this work, the maximum concentration is to lower power dissipation & delay by using the technology scaling approach and developing the circuit to operate at low voltage levels. The circuit interaction is made possible for designing more consistent functional architectures at the minimum power supply of 0.45-1.8v. In the conventional method, two half adders are intended to construct a full adder using an XOR - AND gate to generate a SUM and CARRY (1-bit) with 28 transistors instatic CMOS logic, such a high transistor count to generate 1-bit implies requiring more transistors to generate 4,8,16,32 bit. To minimize the transistor count another logic style called transmission gate (TG) is introduced to design such complex designs in a more accessible manner. The simulation results of 1-bit full adder CMOS, TG logic are taken from CADENCE Virtuoso in 180, 90 & 45nm technology and the parametric analysis proved better results for TG