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Metabolomic and proteomic signature of Gloriosa superba leaves treated with mercuric chloride and phenylalanine, a precursor of colchicine alkaloid
Get PDFGloriosa superba is a tropical, medicinally important plant used in the treatment of gout, rheumatism, and other ailments. It produces pharmaceutically important alkaloids like colchicine, gloriosine, thiocolchicoside and others. In the present study, gas chromatography (GC)-mass spectrometry (MS) method has been deployed for the identification of low abundance phytochemicals in mercuric chloride (elicitor)-treated leaves. The analysis revealed nearly 500 molecules including 15 key secondary metabolites like estragole, N-methylloline (alkaloid), aphidocolin, 3-hydroxykynurenine, octyl salicylate, butibufen, anonaine (aporhine alkaloid), bolasterone, austricin, bolandione, octahydrocoumarin, jacaranone, bonducellin, quinacridone, and β-carotene that may have medicinal importance. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis of leaf proteome in the control and phenylalanine (a precursor of colchicine)-treated tissues revealed a total of 982 and 937 proteins respectively. In precursor-treated tissues, 364 differentially expressed proteins were noticed besides others. Key proteins involved in shikimate/chorismate pathway such as phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, chalcone-flavone isomerase (associated with flavonoid biosynthesis), chalcone synthase (involved in the synthesis of bioactive compounds in plants), chorismate synthetase, chorismate mutase, tryptophan synthase, and medium chain triglyceride protein were detected. Importantly, detection of nearly 154 proteins with unknown functions may hold key and play a role in colchicine biosynthetic pathway. These studies suggest that while metabolomic studies help to detect new secondary plant products, proteomic studies assist us in identifying key enzymes implicated in the biosynthetic pathway of alkaloids in G. superba
Development and Validation of Analytical Method for Estimation of Balofloxacin in Bulk and Pharmaceutical Dosage Form by RP-HPLC
Get PDFThe objective of the present study is to develop simple, accurate, sensitive and economic method for effective quantitative determination of Balofloxacin in active pharmaceutical ingredient. as well as in Pharmaceutical dosage forms by using HPLC. The newly developed method is validated in accordance with the analytical parameters for quantitative estimation of Balofloxacin in pharmaceutical dosage forms as per ICH guidelines. The method was validated for parameters like accuracy, linearity, precision, specificity, ruggedness, robustness, and system suitability. The detection was carried out using UV detector at 249 nm. The solutions were injected at a constant flow rate of 1 ml/min. the linearity range of Balofloxacin was found to be 10-60 g/ml. The values of % RSD are less than 2% indicating accuracy and precision of the method. The percentage recovery varies from 98-102% of Balofloxacin. LOD were found to be 0.210 µg/ml and LOQ found to be 0.637µg/ml for Balofloxacin. The results obtained on the validation parameters met ICH guidelines; it inferred the method found to be simple, accurate, precise and linear. The method was found to be having suitable application in routine laboratory analysis with high degree of accuracy and precision
Identifcation of potential inhibitors of Zika virus targeting NS3 helicase using molecular dynamics simulations and DFT studies
Get PDFDespite the various research eforts towards the drug discovery program for Zika virus treatment, no antiviral drugs or vaccines have yet been discovered. The spread of the mosquito vector and ZIKV infection exposure is expected to accelerate globally due to continuing global travel. The NS3-Hel is a non-structural protein part and involved in diferent functions such as polyprotein processing, genome replication, etc. It makes an NS3-Hel protein an attractive target for designing novel drugs for ZIKV treatment. This investigation identifes the novel, potent ZIKV inhibitors by virtual screening and elucidates the binding pattern using molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation studies. The molecular dynamics simulation results indicate dynamic stability between protein and ligand complexes, and the structures keep signifcantly unchanged at the binding site during the simulation period. All inhibitors found within the acceptable range having drug-likeness properties. The synthetic feasibility score suggests that all screened inhibitors can be easily synthesizable. Therefore, possible inhibitors obtained from this study can be considered a potential inhibitor for NS3 Hel, and further, it could be provided as a lead for drug development
Possible Mechanisms of Drugs Used in the Treatment of COVID-19: A Pharmacological Perspective
Get PDFCoronaviruses are a type of virus that can infect both animals and humans. Coronaviruses are divided into thirty-nine species and twenty-seven subgenus in the family Coronaviridae, according to the current classification. Seven of these are known to induce respiratory infections, while four others can cause cold-like symptoms on a regular basis. SARS CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS CoV-2 infection are three examples of viral rebound. They are to blame for SARS, MERS, and the most recent Coronavirus epidemic discovered in 2019. (COVID-19). The World Health Organization declared the respiratory sickness caused by the SARS-CoV-2 infection to be a pandemic (WHO). For this COVID-19, there are currently no properly shown managements. The virology of SARSCoV-2 has yielded a large number of therapeutic targets. Remdesivir appears to be the most promising treatment. Currently, COVID-19 is treated with Dexamethasone, Tocilizumab, Remdesivir, Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine, Lopinavir, Favipiravir, Niclosamide, Azithromycin, Sarilumab, Baricitinib, Ruxolitinib, Ribavarin, Nitazoxanide, Umifenovir, Camostat, Ciclesonide, Darun They exert their effects through blocking receptors such as IL 6, TMPRSS2, CD147, and AAKI, as well as RNA dependent RNA polymerase, membrane fusion, endocytosis, and proteolysis. The authors of this study looked at the available literature on the SARS-CoV-2 virus and the COVID-19 virus in terms of therapeutic evidence. This in-depth and thorough examination provides an excellent overview of the most up-to-date information on the medications used to treat COVID-19
Chapter 1 - New frontiers for heterogeneous catalysis: surface modification of nanomaterials Author links open overlay panel
No full textTraditionally,"catalysts” can be defined as a species capable of altering the rate of the reaction without being converted
during the process.1 The concept of catalysis was first introduced by Swedish chemist J.J. Benzelius in his annual
report in 1836 in which he proposed the presence of a
“catalytic force” to act on substrates to bring out homogeneous
or heterogeneous transformations in the presence of a chemical entity, the characteristics and properties of which remain
intact after the transformation.2 Since then, the field of catalysis has witnessed a very sharp growth and catalysis has
now became an integral part of research in both academia and industries.3 , 4 While the conventional chemical
transformations utilizing metal-based catalytic systems have dominated the research efforts.1 , 5 the non-metal-based
catalytic systems have also gained significant interest in recent times
Development of optical biosensor for the detection of glutamine in human biofluids using merocyanine dye
No full textAbstract
Merocyanine dye based fuorescent organic compound has been synthesized for the detection of glutamine. The probe showed
remarkable fuorescent intensity with glutamine through ICT (Intermolecular Charge Transfer Mechanism). Hence, it is
tested for the detection of glutamine using colorimetric and fuorimetric techniques in physiological and neutral pH (7.2).
Under optimized experimental conditions, the probe detects glutamine selectively among other interfering biomolecules.
The probe has showed a LOD (lower limit of detection) of 9.6× 10–8 mol/L at the linear range 0–180 µM towards glutamine.
The practical application of the probe is successfully tested in human biofuid
An efficient and durable bifunctional electrocatalyst based on SnO2/CNT toward electrocatalytic full water splitting
No full textydrogen production from electrochemical water dissociation has been considered as a facile and promising approach to address energy related crisis in the world. In this regard, development of high performance, stable, and cost-effective catalysts for full water splitting is highly demanded. In this work a high performance electrocatalyst based on commercially available Tin oxide nanoparticles mixed with carbon
nanotubes (CNT) is presented for electrocatalytic water splitting. The catalyst prepared through facile dropped casting method and obtained a high electrocatalytic activity for full water splitting. One of the key important parameters in water splitting is producing hydrogen/oxygen at high rate under long term stability. This is problematic because it would result in catalyst degradation and performance fallen. However, herein, the prepared electrocatalyst demonstrated a high stability of more than 10 h operation under a high applied current density of 100 mA.cm−2 for hydrogen evolution reaction. For the both hydrogen and oxygen, the prepared catalyst (SnO2/CNT coated on carbon paper) delivered the current density of 10 mA.cm−2 at a low overpotentials of 150 mV and 250 mV, respectively. Our observations validate the excellent capability in significantly modifying the catalytic activity of transition metal compound catalysts with carbon nanostructures
Thermal analysis of functionally graded mullite - La2O3 coated aluminium alloy piston using plasma spraying
Get PDFAluminium alloy pistons used in I.C. engines are exposed to high temperature and may contribute to high thermal residual
stresses on the piston crowns. The pistons operate ineffectively due to lack of appropriate coatings on pistons. The application
of Thermal Barrier Coatings (TBC) on the components of IC engine reduces the combustion chamber heat rejection
significantly. The current work is put to determine the temperature distribution of ceramic coated piston using finite element software and reduce the effect of thermal stress. Prior to coating on piston crowns, La2O3 is mixed at 10%, 20% and 30% proportions with Mullite and plasma spray deposited on A356 aluminium alloy substrate with base coat of NiCr for
determination of best performing composition. The experimental test results from tensile test performed as per ISO – 1608 and adhesive test performed as per ASTM C633-79 confirms that 10% La2O3 mixed with mullite produces improved
performance of 10% and 27% improved respectively. In addition, the temperature distribution study performed using Ansys 11 software for 10% La2O3 mixed with mullite also produced 12% less thermal stresses during combustion operation in comparison with uncoated pistons. Mullite - La2O3 TBC coatings support in maintaining the combustion temperature and supports in reduction of HC emission during operation. The reduction in thermal stresses of engine components significantly improving the performance and its service life
Grease Contamination Detection in the Rolling Element Bearing Using Deep Learning Technique
No full textVibration Analysis is one of the most effective
methods used for the condition monitoring of rolling element
bearings. The early failure of bearing is mainly due to the
presence of solid particles in the grease lubricants. The
condition of lubrication in the bearing is an essential
parameter to meet the various demanding conditions of the
system. This paper aims to analyze the effect of lubricant
contamination by solid particles on the dynamic behavior of
rolling bearing and to classify them using a support vector
machine (SVM) and deep learning algorithm. Experimental
tests have been performed with 50 and 100 mg of sand dust
particles added to the ball bearings to contaminate the grease
lubricant at full load conditions. Vibration signals were
analyzed in terms of RMS, kurtosis, skewness, and peak to
peak for fault type classification using SVM. In deep learning,
the raw vibration signals are converted into a spectrogram
image and fed to convolution neural networks (CNN) for
fault classification. The results indicate that both SVM and
deep learning techniques are effective for fault classification
under the influence of lubricant contamination
A Sustainable Green Approach for Efficient Capture of Strontium from Simulated Radioactive Wastewater Using Modified Biochar
No full textThe present investigation was targeted to remove radioactive strontium (Sr(II)) from synthetic solution using synthesized peanut shell activated biochar (PSABC). The biomass of peanut shells was pyrolyzed at 400 °C for 30 min and then activated with KOH. The surface area and pore volume of PSABC were estimated by BET method. Characterization of prepared PSABC was executed by BET, FTIR, SEM, and EDS analysis. The responsible functional groups for adsorption of Sr(II) onto PSABC were investigated using FTIR and the adsorption was confirmed by SEM and EDS analysis. RSM-based CCD was used to scrutinize the effective parameters. Based on the results, the maximum % removal (99.02) of Sr(II) was attained at optimum conditions, i.e., pH: 4.92, Biosorbent dosage (BD):0.039 g and initial concentration (IC):0.54 mg/L. Freundlich model gave good fit to the equilibrium data with R2 = 0.99 and Sr(II) uptake potential predicted from Langmuir was 133.11 mg/g. Sr(II) adsorption kinetics were well correlated to pseudo-second-order model. The thermodynamic energy changes such as ∆G°, ∆H° and ∆S° were estimated and found that the process was spontaneous and exothermic in nature. The effect of coexisting ions on Sr(II) removal by PSABC was also studied and found that at PSABC is able to adsorb 53.55% Sr(II) at a highest Ca2+ concentration of 500 mg/L. Further, desorption study was conducted with five different desorbing solvents to estimate the ease of regeneration behavior of PSABC. Conclusively, the results revealed that PSABC is prominent and cheap biosorbent for removal of Sr (II) from aqueous medium