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Construction of Circular Distant Divisor Graphs
Get PDFLet H be a graph with n vertices and e edges. A circular path
P between two distant vertices is called a circular distant divisor path, if circular length of P divides e, the number of edges in the graph. We can construct a new graph from H consisting of the vertex set same as that of H and two vertices are adjacent if they have a circular distant divisor path in H. This new graph is called circular distant divisor graph of H and is denoted by CD H.
In this article, constructions have been done, regarding circular distant divisor graphs of some standard graphs such
as path, cycle, star, wheel, complete and complete bipartite graphs. Moreover, family of corona graphs was studied.
When this circular distant divisor graphs concept was applied to the corona graphs, it was observed that sometimes
the new graph was also a corona graph and sometimes it was not a corona graph
Influence of geopolymer aggregates on microstructural and strength characteristics of OPC concrete
Get PDFThis paper explores the physical, mechanical and durability characteristics of Fly ash—ground granulated blast furnace slag
(GGBS) based Geopolymer aggregates include Specific gravity, impact value, crushing value, loss angles abrasion value,
attrition value and water absorption respectively. Besides, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was done to diagnose the
microstructure of geopolymer aggregates. In addition to this mechanical, durability and microstructural behavior of the
ordinary portland cement concrete made with the geopolymer aggregate includes compressive strength, split tensile strength,
open porosity, water absorption, sorpitivity, Rapid Chloride Penetration Test (RCPT) and SEM with EDS were investigated.
With help of SEM interfacial transition zone (ITZ) was examined. In this paper, three types of geopolymer aggregates are
prepared by replacing 0, 10, and 20% of fly ash with GGBS cured under oven (at 60° for 12 h) and ambient conditions.
The study considers the two grades of concrete M20 and M40 as per IS 456-2000. However, concrete prepared geopolymer
Aggregates (80% fly ash and 20% GGBS) Showed higher resistance among all the tests and giving similar results at ambient
and oven curing
Enhanced Biosorption of Pb(II) by Pterocladia Pinnata from Synthetic Solution
No full textThe purpose of this research is to explore if Pterocladia pinnata (PP) (Red Algae), which is a biosorbent frequently used as an edible seaweed in India, can be used to remove Pb(II) from synthetic media. Scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and Fourier transform IR spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses were utilized to identify the functional groups and shape of PP before and after biosorption. A statistical optimization study was done using response surface methodology (RSM) and the central composite design (CCD) technique to generate response surfaces for the sample with the highest uptake capacity. The effects of agitation period, pH, PP size, dosage, initial Pb(II) concentrations, and temperature on % biosorption were studied. The maximum Pb(II) adsorption was obtained at agitation time 240 min, pH 4, initial Pb(II) concentration – 20 mg L−1, PP dosage 20 mg/L, and temperature 303 K. Batch scale testing was used to investigate the kinetic, equilibrium, and thermodynamic aspects of biosorption. The process of biosorption experimentation reveals that the pseudo-second-order rate kinetic and Langmuir isotherm models are in good accord. According to thermodynamic parameters, Pb(II) biosorption on PP was spontaneous and endothermic and findings confirmed that PP might be a viable biomaterial for eliminating Pb(II) from polluted streams
Study on Moisture Behavior Properties of Milkweed and Milkweed/Cotton Blended Sanitary Napkins
Get PDFMenstrual hygiene is one of the most important health-related aspects which must be given higher priority to overcome the menstrual cycle period of women. Currently, there are many types of sanitary napkins are available in the market to absorb the menstrual fluid but most of them are constructed by using petroleum bi-product called SAP and it is used to absorb and hold more menstrual fluid. The present work focuses on to produce and study the moisture behavior properties of a sanitary napkin by using 100% natural fibers as core absorbent. Milkweed fibers are the natural organic fibers which have been taken as core absorbent material in different blend ratios as 100% milkweed, 80/20 milkweed/cotton, 60/40 milkweed/cotton, 50/50 milkweed/ cotton, 40/60 milkweed/cotton, and 20/80 milkweed/cotton to develop a sanitary napkin by using polyethylene and polypropylene as bottom and top layer respectively. The produced samples were tested and evaluated by Liquid spreading rate test, Liquid Retention test, Liquid holding capacity under pressure test, and quantity of liquid absorbed in order to evaluate the moisture behavior properties of developed sanitary napkin. The outcome of the results demonstrates that sanitary napkins shows enhanced moisture properties when increasing the milkweed fiber blend percentage
Musa Acuminata Leaves Extract Impedes Bacterial Growth and Ultraviolet Protection in Cotton Fabric
Get PDFIn this study the methanol extract of Musa acuminata leaves has a significant development on the quality of the protection features such as antibacterial and ultraviolet protection was observed. The fabric finished with a higher concentration of M. acuminata sap (7%) at the temperature rate of 40-50˚c has higher zone of inhibition against gram positive bacteria and improved ultraviolet protection factor than the controlled sample.The fabric finished with the lower concentration of M. acuminata sap (3% & 5%) has lesser zone of inhibition against gram positive bacteria. The fabric finished with a 7% concentration of M. acuminata leaves methanol extract at 40-50˚c shows high protection factor against antibacterial and ultraviolet protection. Hence it is observed the fabric finished with a higher concentration of M. acuminata sap exhibits a higher zone of inhibition against bacteria’s and ultraviolet protection factors when compared to the lower concentration of methanol extraction of M. acuminata leaves
Drying Characteristics of Maize in Convective Dryer
Get PDFA grain drier with a convection system that simultaneously acts as storage is known as an instore dryer. The purpose of his study was to see how drying and storage—In-Store Dryer—affected the physical and chemical qualities of maize. Drying takes place at an average drying temperature of 40-43°C, with an average RH of 76.8% in the environment and 52.2% in the dryer chamber. The maize can be dried for 4 – 5 days using pre-drying material with an initial moisture level of 30.14 percent to 10.56 percent, which is the right water content for storage. The nutritional components of maize after drying and storing for 4-5 days using the In-Store Dryer can be analyzed to maintain maize quality. At the same time, when temperatures rise, the water content of the crop decreases due to the convective process, reducing the crop's weight
A Cost-Effective Reusable Tissue Mimicking Phantom for High Intensity Focused Ultrasonic Liver Surgery
Get PDFA polyacrylamide polysaccharide hydrogel (PASG) containing a nonionic surfactant of the polyoxyethylene nonylphenyl ethers series (NP14) has been adapted to the fabrication of a reusable cost-effective ultrasonic tissue-mimicking phantom for real-time visualization of the thermal lesions by high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) irradiation. The constructed NP14 (40% in w/v) PASG is optically transparent at room temperatures, and it turns out to be opaque white as heated over the clouding points of about 55 ◦C and returns to its original transparent state after cooling. The acoustic property of the proposed phantom is similar to those of human liver tissues, which includes the acoustic impedance of 1.68 Mrayls, the speed of sound of 1595 ± 5 m/s, the attenuation coefficient of 0.52 ± 0.05 dB cm−1 (at 1 MHz), the backscatter coefficient of 0.21 ± 0.09 × 10−3 sr−1 cm−1 (at 1 MHz), and the nonlinear parameter B/A of 6.4 ± 0.2. The NP14-PASG was tested to assess the characteristic information (sizes, shapes, and locations) of the thermal lesions visualized when exposed to typical HIFU fields (1.1 MHz, focal pressure up to 20.1 MPa, focal intensity 4075 W/cm2). The proposed NP14-PASG is expected to replace the existing costly BSA-PASG used for more effective testing of the performance of therapeutic ultrasonic devices based on thermal mechanisms
Modelling and Optimization of Weld Bead Geometry in Robotic Gas Metal Arc Based Additive Manufacturing Using Machine Learning, Finite Element Modelling and Graph Theory & Matrix Approach
Get PDFThe objective of this study is to investigate effects of the welding speed, wire feed speed, and torch angle on the weld
geometry, including height, width, and depth of metal deposition, in additive manufacturing of mild steel. In the present study, artificial neural network was developed to predict weld bead geometry and validate the optimization of process
parameters to improve quality of weld bead geometry. Experimental results for the width, depth, and height of the weld
bead geometry were collected, and the interaction effect of the process parameters on the weld bead geometry was
investigated. Three-dimensional finite-element modelling was performed for the AM, and the width, depth, and height of
the weld geometry were predicted. The Taguchi method-based graph theory and matrix approach and the utility concept
were used to optimise the process parameters for achieving the dimensional accuracy in AM. The optimal working
condition was as follows: a torch angle of 60, a wire feed speed of 6 m/min, and a welding speed of 0.4 m/min. Under the
optimal working conditions, the height, width, and depth of the weld bead were 3.910, 7.615, and 2.000 mm, respectively.
The optimization was also validated with ANN and a comparison among the ANN, simulation and experimental results
revealed good agreemen
Energy Aware Seagull Optimization-Based Unequal Clustering Technique in WSN Communication
No full textWireless sensor network (WSN) becomes a hot research area owing to an extensive set of applications. In order to accomplish energy efficiency in WSN, most of the earlier works have focused on the clustering process which enables to elect CHs and organize unequal clusters. However, the clustering process results in hot spot problem and can be addressed by the use of unequal clustering techniques, which enables to construct of clusters of unequal sizes to equalize the energy dissipation in the WSN. Unequal clustering can be formulated as an
NP-hard issue and can be solved by metaheuristic optimization algorithms. With this motivation, this paper presents a novel seagull optimization (SGO) based unequal clustering (SGOBUC) model to attain energy efficiency in WSN. The SGO algorithm is mainly inspired by the migrating and attacking behaviour of
seagulls. They are formulated in a mathematical way and designed to highlight exploration as well as exploitation in a provided searching area. The SGOBUC technique derives a fitness involving different parameters in such a way that
energy efficiency can be accomplished. A comprehensive simulation analysis takes place to showcase the enhanced outcomes of the SGOBUC technique. The simulation outcomes highlighted the betterment of the SGOBUC technique
over the recent techniques interms of different dimension
Performance Analysis of Double Material Gate (DG) -TFET with Channel Doping
No full textDouble Material Gate (DG) Tunnel Field Effect Transistor (TFET) is proposed in this paper with current semiconductor materials
analogous to Silicon dioxide (Sio2) and Hafnium Oxide (Hfo2) in 5 nm regime with symmetrical Gate to resolve the challenges of
TFET in terms of low on current. This advanced structure contributes better current controllability in the device related to
conventional Tunnel FET for the band to band tunneling (BTBT) mechanism. The double gate (DG) with two different
semiconductor materials will reduce the leakage current meantime to increase the drain current (Id) and transconductance (Gd) attribute of the device substantially. The characteristics of DG-TFET are considered by studying the electric field, potential, absolute net doping with the same work function using the Silvaco ATLAS device simulator. The symmetrical gate structure of DG-TFET is designed with a 5 nm regime. Thus, significant improvement of on/Off current ratio and on current becomes 3 times increased in comparison with typical TFET