Czasopisma Naukowe ISP PAN
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Bieda (z) pracy, czyli o biednych pracujących we współczesnym świecie
No full textThe purpose of this paper is to depict the population of the working poor in Poland, the EU, the USA and developing countries. The socioeconomic transformations of the last thirty years (e.g. high-tech revolution, globalization, time-space compression) have completely changed and are still changing the labour market. A shift from mass production (Fordism) to flexible specialization (post-Fordism) has caused the erosion of the “old world of work”. In an era of disorganized capitalism, the work becomes on the one hand more flexible, and on the other less secure. This contributes to greater instability of employment, as well as leads to social disparities and poverty in the labour market.The purpose of this paper is to depict the population of the working poor in Poland, the EU, the USA and developing countries. The socioeconomic transformations of the last thirty years (e.g. high-tech revolution, globalization, time-space compression) have completely changed and are still changing the labour market. A shift from mass production (Fordism) to flexible specialization (post-Fordism) has caused the erosion of the “old world of work”. In an era of disorganized capitalism, the work becomes on the one hand more flexible, and on the other less secure. This contributes to greater instability of employment, as well as leads to social disparities and poverty in the labour market
Okolicznościowe wydawnictwo Katedry Socjologii Uniwersytetu Karola z okazji jubileuszu profesora Miloslava Petruska: (rec.: Aktér, Instituce, Společnost, Sborník k 65. narozeninám prof. PhDr. Miloslava Petruska, CSc., Karolinum, Praha 2003)
No full textCzy nowa próżnia społeczna, czyli o stanie więzi społecznej w III Rzeczypospolitej
No full textIt is argued that social vacuum and atomisation typical of the Polish People’s Republic (PRL) have recurred as vacuum and atomisation of the new democratic society. The observed symptoms include lack of social trust in Poland, use of social capital to pursue particularistic goals at the cost of common interest, erosion of extended horizontal bonds, decline of working environment (and the lack of working environment in case of the unemployed), pathology of power among local self-government authorities, within party and corporate systems, corruption, political and economic clientelism. The authors have outlined a number of sources of social atomisation such as Poland’s historical legacy, persistent social instability, pessimistic attitudes, individualistic egoism, trauma of transition, “cultural vacuum”, axiological and normative chaos.It is argued that social vacuum and atomisation typical of the Polish People’s Republic (PRL) have recurred as vacuum and atomisation of the new democratic society. The observed symptoms include lack of social trust in Poland, use of social capital to pursue particularistic goals at the cost of common interest, erosion of extended horizontal bonds, decline of working environment (and the lack of working environment in case of the unemployed), pathology of power among local self-government authorities, within party and corporate systems, corruption, political and economic clientelism. The authors have outlined a number of sources of social atomisation such as Poland’s historical legacy, persistent social instability, pessimistic attitudes, individualistic egoism, trauma of transition, “cultural vacuum”, axiological and normative chaos
Nacjonalizm Tatarów Krymskich w latach dziewięćdziesiątych XX wieku: pamięć, instytucje, strategie polityczne
No full textThe paper focuses on Crimean Tatars — a stateless nation, which was subject to forced assimilation policy during Soviet period. Dynamics of the nationality question after the USSR collapse has changed dramatically: members of ethnic groups started (re)learn their languages, (re)write their histories, and articulate political demands. Crucial factors that shaped nature, directions and intensity of the national revival are: 1) collective memory, 2) quality of intellectual and political elites — among others, the presence or absence of national institutions, 3) role of religion in a given community 4) available political strategies, and 5) socio-cultural and politico-economic background of transition. In case of Crimean Tatars their awareness of former persecutions and traumatic experience of deportation from Crimea (in 1944) and return to Crimea (after 1989) is a basis for social bonds and consolidation of ethnic community. At the same time, in Crimean Tatar case, success of the national revival and relative success in coping with problems of recent migration depended heavily on ethnic political institutions —Kurultay and Mejlis, which were able to consolidate intellectual elites and effectively articulate political and social demands of this ethnic community.The paper focuses on Crimean Tatars — a stateless nation, which was subject to forced assimilation policy during Soviet period. Dynamics of the nationality question after the USSR collapse has changed dramatically: members of ethnic groups started (re)learn their languages, (re)write their histories, and articulate political demands. Crucial factors that shaped nature, directions and intensity of the national revival are: 1) collective memory, 2) quality of intellectual and political elites — among others, the presence or absence of national institutions, 3) role of religion in a given community 4) available political strategies, and 5) socio-cultural and politico-economic background of transition. In case of Crimean Tatars their awareness of former persecutions and traumatic experience of deportation from Crimea (in 1944) and return to Crimea (after 1989) is a basis for social bonds and consolidation of ethnic community. At the same time, in Crimean Tatar case, success of the national revival and relative success in coping with problems of recent migration depended heavily on ethnic political institutions —Kurultay and Mejlis, which were able to consolidate intellectual elites and effectively articulate political and social demands of this ethnic community
Maroko — próby arabizacji kraju
No full textAuthor describes the process of introduction of modern written Arabic language in education, administration and mass media in the Kingdom of Morocco after achieving independence in 1956. He describes the linguistic situation, which is far from the condition presented in official declarations announcing the success of arabisation. It has direct influence on the shape of the modern Moroccan culture which derives from the heritage of the civilization of Islam and by means of French Language, from European culture.Author describes the process of introduction of modern written Arabic language in education, administration and mass media in the Kingdom of Morocco after achieving independence in 1956. He describes the linguistic situation, which is far from the condition presented in official declarations announcing the success of arabisation. It has direct influence on the shape of the modern Moroccan culture which derives from the heritage of the civilization of Islam and by means of French Language, from European culture
Konferencja „Tolerancja i jej granice w relacjach międzykulturowych” — przegląd problemów współczesnej antropologii
No full textKorporacje medialne a cechy kultury globalnej
No full textThe essential aim of this article is to present the mechanism of changes in the contemporary culture dependent on global media. The international media corporations control a vast network of production and distribution of goods and services connected especially with the American entertainment industry. As the consumption of cultural goods and services spreads all over the world, the production itself tends to concentrate. These processes have significant impact on the development of domestic cultural industries. We can observe a creation of a “global culture” with its own distinctive features. The culture is global and local simultaneously, diverse and uniform, ethnic and international at the same time. Simulation, virtual reality and spectacular events belong to specific elements of the global culture.The essential aim of this article is to present the mechanism of changes in the contemporary culture dependent on global media. The international media corporations control a vast network of production and distribution of goods and services connected especially with the American entertainment industry. As the consumption of cultural goods and services spreads all over the world, the production itself tends to concentrate. These processes have significant impact on the development of domestic cultural industries. We can observe a creation of a “global culture” with its own distinctive features. The culture is global and local simultaneously, diverse and uniform, ethnic and international at the same time. Simulation, virtual reality and spectacular events belong to specific elements of the global culture
Geneza prasy sensacji — pojawienie się prasy komercyjnej
No full textThe sketch presents news print media as a new idea in the market economy and mass society in 19th century. The Author analyzes how this form of mass communication influences and affects the processes of democratization of a society — the beginnings of civil society. He shows origins of news media in Europe (France) and USA, in two different ways.Popular media was founded for “private citizens” in politics, who were looking for “easy information” (news) about social life or establishment, that buy print media for entertainment. Sensational press accommodates expectations and needs of lesser educated citizens, interested in scandals and gossip. The popular press is directed to readers of the “lower culture”, who like folk stories and folk entertainment. The commercialization of media caused the development of press and journalism, built lay-outs, comics, photos, headlines, leads, news.Process of commercialization has initiated the inclusion of many groups into a civil society.The sketch presents news print media as a new idea in the market economy and mass society in 19th century. The Author analyzes how this form of mass communication influences and affects the processes of democratization of a society — the beginnings of civil society. He shows origins of news media in Europe (France) and USA, in two different ways.Popular media was founded for “private citizens” in politics, who were looking for “easy information” (news) about social life or establishment, that buy print media for entertainment. Sensational press accommodates expectations and needs of lesser educated citizens, interested in scandals and gossip. The popular press is directed to readers of the “lower culture”, who like folk stories and folk entertainment. The commercialization of media caused the development of press and journalism, built lay-outs, comics, photos, headlines, leads, news.Process of commercialization has initiated the inclusion of many groups into a civil society