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IGARRITZ: euskarazko testu-iragarpenerako web-ingurune egokitua
No full textStudents with limited mobility, for example, those caused by brain paralysis, have adapted tools for writing texts, such as eye-tracking hardware, to select letters and predict words. For instance, they can use eye-tracking hardware to select letters and choose words predicted by the system. These systems offer resources for writing in Basque, and predictions can be customized by inputting Basque word lists. The primary aim of text prediction is to alleviate the effort involved in typing and to facilitate faster or increased text production. However, writing with Iris is slower and more challenging compared to conventional typing with ten fingers. Furthermore, predictive text functionality in Basque is comparatively less effective than in other languages, offering minimal quality output. Thus, the objective of this study is to develop an adapted web environment for Basque text prediction employing artificial intelligence techniques. To achieve this goal, we have developed a web interface named IGARRITZ based on the HiTZ/roberta-eus-euscrawl-base-cased language model, utilizing a Transformer architecture. It was re-trained with an educational Basque corpus sourced from educational texts from Gizapedia, Wikipedia, and Berria. We evaluated the performance of the created text predictor by comparing it with an existing system, using texts produced by a secondary school student. The results indicate that IGARRITZ enhances text prediction in Basque, as reported by the user who employs Iris, expressing that writing becomes notably easier and more efficient. Additionally, we conducted an automatic evaluation, which also yielded superior results compared to the existing system.; Motrizitate mugatua duen ikasleak, garun paralisi batek sortuak adibidez, tresna egokituak izaten dituzte testuak idazteko, esaterako, begiradaren jarraipeneko hardware bat, zeinarekin ordenagailuan letrak aukeratu eta sistemak iragartzen dituen hitzak aukeratu daitezkeen. Sistema hauek euskaraz idazteko baliabideak izaten dituzte, edo euskarazko hitz zerrendak sartuta iragarpenak aukeratu daitezke. Edozein testu iragarpenen xedea da testua idazteko esfortzua murriztea eta testu gehiago idaztea edo azkarrago egitea. Irisarekin idaztea hamar hatzamarrekin idaztea baino geldoagoa eta nekezagoa da; horrez gain, testu iragartzaileak euskaraz beste hizkuntzetan baino okerrago ibiltzen dira, eta nekez laguntzen dute. Lan honen helburua da euskarazko testu predikziorako web ingurune egokitu bat egitea adimen artifizialeko teknikak erabiliz. Horretarako, euskarazko hizkuntza-ereduetan oinarrituriko web interfazea sortu dugu, IGARRITZ izenekoa. Sortutako testu iragarleak Transformer arkitektura erabiltzen du, eta HiTZ/roberta-eus-euscrawl-base-cased hizkuntza-eredua berrentrenatu da hezkuntzarako corpusarekin (Gizapedia eta hezkuntzari buruzko testuak: Wikipediakoak eta Berriakoak). Bukatzeko, tresna ebaluatu eta egun eskura dagoen beste sistema batekin konparatu dugu, Bigarren Hezkuntzako ikasle batek ekoitzitako testuekin. Emaitzen arabera, IGARRITZek euskarazko testu predikzioa hobetu egiten du, eta irisarekin idazten duen pertsonak berak askoz errazago eta gehiago idazten duela adierazi du. Horrez gain, ebaluazio automatikoa egin dugu, eta hor ere emaitzak hobetzea lortu ditugu
Monitoring and evaluation of the deep-sea through environmental genetics
No full text277 p.Effective management actions are essential to guarantee sustainable use and conservation of marine ecosystems. Developing such actions requires ecosystem-scale monitoring of biological resources, which is difficult to achieve in hardly accessible deep-sea habitats. Yet, the recent interest in the exploitation of deep-sea resources urges the need to further assess this realm. Environmental genetics has emerged as a powerful cost-effective and logistically feasible approach for obtaining multi-species information through the analysis of DNA collected from environmental samples, including in difficult to access ecosystems. In this dissertation it is hypothesized that required information for efficient monitoring and accurate assessment, such as diversity, distribution, abundance and trophic interactions of oceanic species, can be derived from environmental DNA, whose study might result key for effective biodiversity conservation. This thesis presents examples on how the analysis of environmental DNA samples of different nature can be used to address biological questions in the mesopelagic realm, filling knowledge gaps in various aspects of deep-sea marine ecology. Throughout this dissertation, genetic techniques are applied to the study of marine organisms such as traditionally and newly commercial fish, poorly known siphonophores, iconic cetaceans, and little-studied deep-sea cephalopods. This dissertation enhances the understanding of deep-sea ecosystems, covering topics such as the oceanic vertical stratification and relative abundance of siphonophore, fish and cephalopod communities, the contribution of mesopelagic nekton to large cetacean diets, and the horizontal biomass patterns of small pelagic fish. Altogether, the environmental genetics-based analyses performed provide crucial insights for efficient monitoring and accurate assessment of deep-sea ecosystems, while also providing pathways for integration to ensure effective marine biodiversity conservatio
A Study on the Attachment to Pets Among Owners of Cats and Dogs Using the Lexington Attachment to Pets Scale (LAPS) in the Basque Country
Get PDFThe relationship between humans and their pets has long fascinated researchers, particularly in exploring how attachment varies according to the type of pet. Cats and dogs exhibit unique behavioral and social traits that influence the dynamics of human–pet relationships. Moreover, specific human characteristics have been found to affect this attachment. Our study examines the human factors that influence pet attachment among cat and dog owners in the Basque Country, located in northern Spain. By investigating these elements, our research aims to enhance the understanding of how human factors shape the human–animal bond. The study included a total of 202 participants, of whom 66.8% were dog owners, and 74.8% identified as women, with ages ranging from 18 to 74 years. Consistent with many previous studies, our results indicate that attachment is generally stronger with dogs compared to cats and that owner’s characteristics such as being female, younger, not living with children, and the amount of time spent with pets on weekends are linked to stronger attachments to pets
Optimisation of advanced power cycles for industrial applications:a roadmap for efficiency and sustainability
No full text[EN] As global energy demand continues to rise, achieving sustainable power generation is a critical challenge. Despite accelerating renewable energy deployment, fossil fuels still dominate electricity production, making improvements in energy conversion efficiency is essential to reduce emissions and resource use. This project, Optimisation of Advanced Power Cycles for Industrial Applications: A Roadmap for Efficiency and Sustainability, investigates how advanced thermodynamic cycles can support this transition by maximising energy recovery from available heat sources and guiding optimal power cycle selection for diverse industrial applications.
A flexible Python-based framework was developed to model and optimise case-study-validated Combined Cycle Gas Turbine (CCGT) and Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) systems under realistic conditions. The analysis includes the evaluation of key performance indicators (KPIs), comparison of cycle configurations, sensitivity studies of critical parameters, and multi-objective optimisation to balance performance and profitability. Configurations were assessed in terms of sustainability, integrating economic and environmental criteria, including cost-effectiveness and CO2 emissions.
Complementing this technical foundation, a literature-based technology recommendation roadmap was developed to guide industry and policymakers in selecting optimal power cycles. By mapping key technologies, including CCGTs, ORCs, Steam Rankine Cycles (SRCs), Kalina Cycles (KCs), supercritical CO2 (sCO2) cycles, and simple gas turbines (GTs), to heat source characteristics and operational needs, the roadmap identifies the most suitable cycle for specific conditions while providing performance estimates. This framework offers a strategic and technically robust tool for deploying efficient, low-emission power generation solutions.
Together, the roadmap and modelling framework offer a unified toolset for implementing tailored, flexible, low-emission power cycles in industrial settings.[ES] A medida que la demanda mundial de energía sigue aumentando, lograr una generación de energía sostenible es un desafío crítico. A pesar de la acelerada implantación de energías renovables, los combustibles fósiles aún dominan la producción de electricidad, por lo que mejorar la eficiencia en la conversión de energía es esencial para reducir las emisiones y el uso de recursos.
Este proyecto, Optimización de Ciclos de Potencia Avanzados para Aplicaciones Industriales: Una Hoja de Ruta para la Eficiencia y la Sostenibilidad , investiga cómo los ciclos termodinámicos avanzados pueden apoyar esta transición, maximizando la recuperación de energía de las fuentes de calor disponibles y guiando la selección óptima de ciclos de potencia para diversas aplicaciones industriales.
Se desarrolló un marco flexible basado en Python para modelar y optimizar sistemas de Ciclo Combinado de Turbina de Gas (CCGT) y Ciclo Rankine Orgánico (ORC), validados mediante estudios encontrados en la literatura, bajo condiciones realistas. El análisis incluye la evaluación de indicadores clave de rendimiento (KPIs), la comparación de configuraciones de ciclos, estudios de sensibilidad de parámetros críticos y optimización multiobjetivo para equilibrar el rendimiento y la rentabilidad. Las configuraciones se evaluaron en términos de sostenibilidad, integrando criterios económicos y ambientales, incluyendo la rentabilidad y las emisiones de CO2.
Como complemento a esta base técnica, se desarrolló una hoja de ruta de recomendaciones tecnológicas basada en la literatura, con el objetivo de guiar a la industria y a los responsables de la formulación de políticas en la selección de los ciclos de potencia óptimos. Al mapear las tecnologías clave, incluyendo CCGT, ORC, Ciclos Rankine de Vapor (SRC), Ciclos Kalina (KC), ciclos de CO2 supercrítico (sCO2) y turbinas de gas simples (GT), con las características de las fuentes de calor y las necesidades operativas, la hoja de ruta identifica el ciclo más adecuado para cada condición específica, proporcionando además estimaciones de rendimiento. Este marco ofrece una herramienta estratégica y técnicamente sólida para implementar soluciones de generación de energía eficientes y con bajas emisiones.
En conjunto, la hoja de ruta y el marco de modelado proporcionan un conjunto de herramientas unificado para implementar ciclos de potencia adaptados, flexibles y de bajas emisiones en entornos industriales.[EU] Energia-eskaera globala hazten jarraitzen duen heinean, energia-sorkuntza jasangarria lortzea erronka kritikoa da. Energia berriztagarrien ezarpena azkartzen ari den arren, erregai fosilek oraindik elektrizitatearen ekoizpena nagusitzen dute; beraz, energia-bihurketaren eraginkortasuna hobetzea funtsezkoa da emisioak eta baliabideen kontsumoa murrizteko.
Proiektu honek, Aplikazio Industrialetarako Potentzia-Ziklo Aurreratuen Optimizazioa: Eraginkortasunerako eta Jasangarritasunerako Ibilbide Orria, ziklo termodinamiko aurreratuak nola lagun dezaketen trantsizio honetan aztertzen du, bero-iturburu erabilgarrietatik energia berreskuratzea maximizatuz eta aplikazio industrialetarako potentzia-ziklo egokienak hautatzeko gidalerroak eskainiz.
Python-en oinarritutako marko malgu bat garatu da, kasu-azterketetan baliozkotutako Gas Turbina bidezko Ziklo Konbinatuak (CCGT) eta Ziklo Rankine Organikoak (ORC) modelatzeko eta optimizatzeko, baldintza errealistetan.
Analisiak errendimendu-adierazle nagusien (KPI) ebaluazioa, ziklokonfigurazioen konparazioa, parametro kritikoen sentikortasun-azterketak eta helburu anitzeko optimizazioa barne hartzen ditu, errendimendua eta errentagarritasuna orekatzeko. Konfigurazioak jasangarritasunaren arabera ebaluatu dira, irizpide ekonomikoak eta ingurumenekoak integratuz, kostueraginkortasuna eta CO2 emisioak kontuan hartuta.
Oinarri tekniko hau osatzeko, literatura oinarri duen gomendio-teknologikoen ibilbide orri bat garatu da, industriari eta politika-eragileei potentzia-ziklo egokienak hautatzen laguntzeko. Teknologia nagusiak, hala nola CCGT, ORC, Lurruneko Rankine Zikloak (SRC), Kalina Zikloak (KC), CO2 superkritikoko zikloak (sCO2) eta gas-turbina sinpleak (GT), bero-iturburuen ezaugarri eta funtzionamendu-beharrizanekin mapatuz, ibilbide-orriak baldintza zehatz bakoitzerako ziklo egokiena identifikatzen du, errendimenduaren estimazioak eskainiz gainera. Marko honek energia-sorkuntza eraginkorra eta emisio baxukoa ezartzeko tresna estrategiko eta tekniko sendo bat eskaintzen du.
Guztira, ibilbide-orria eta modelizazio-markoa tresna multzo bateratu bat dira, industria-inguruneetan emisio baxuko, malguak eta beharretara egokitutako potentzia-zikloak ezartzeko
Genero aldetik anbiguoa den hizketaren sintesia euskaraz hizlari-bektore manipulazioaren bidez
No full textThere is a growing interest in text-to-speech (TTS) systems with gender-ambiguous voices, among other things due to their potential to avoid gender biases and stereotypes in voice assistants and smart speakers. In this paper we present and evaluate some novel methods that apply voice morphing techniques to speaker embeddings in order to obtain neural network-based gender-ambiguous voiced TTS systems for the Basque language. The speaker embeddings are obtained training a multi-speaker Tacotron 2. We compare the performance of systems with and without speaker embedding normalization with a scaling parameter, and also the application of these systems to the average embeddings of each gender and to real voice embeddings. The results prove that the methods presented are valid to obtain gender-ambiguous voices with acceptable, albeit improvable, quality.; Genero aldetik anbiguoa den ahotsa duten text-to-speech (TTS) sistemek gero eta interes handiagoa pizten dute; besteak beste, laguntzaile birtualetan eta bozgorailu adimendunetan genero-alborapenak eta estereotipoak saihesteko duten ahalmenagatik. Artikulu honetan, ahots-bihurketarako teknika berriak aplikatu dizkiegu ahots-bektoreei, sare neuronaletan oinarrituta dauden eta genero aldetik anbiguoak diren euskarazko TTS sistemak lortzeko. Hizlari-bektoreak hiztun anitzeko Tacotron 2-a entrenatuz lortu ditugu. Hizlari-bektoreen normalizazioa eta eskala-parametro bat erabiltzen duten eta erabiltzen ez duten sistemak konparatu ditugu, baita genero bakoitzeko batez besteko hizlari bektore eta ahots errealen hizlari bektoreen erabilera sistema horietan. Emaitzek frogatzen dute aurkeztutako metodoak baliozkoak direla genero aldetik anbiguoak diren ahotsak lortzeko eta kalitate onargarria dutela baina hobetu daitezkeela
Environmental and economic assessment of large-scale hydrogen supply chains across Europe: LOHC vs other hydrogen technologies
Get PDFThe transition to decarbonized energy systems positions hydrogen as a critical vector for achieving climate neutrality, yet its large-scale transportation and storage remain key challenges. This study presents a comprehensive life cycle assessment (LCA) and economic analysis of large-scale H2 supply chains, evaluating the liquid organic hydrogen carrier (LOHC) system based on benzyltoluene/perhydro-benzyltoluene (H0-BT/H12-BT) against conventional technologies: compressed gaseous hydrogen (CGH2), liquid hydrogen (LH2) and liquid ammonia (LNH3). The analysis includes multiple H2 transportation scenarios across Europe, considering the steps: conditioning, sea transportation, post-processing and land distribution by truck or pipeline. Environmentally, LOHC currently faces higher environmental impacts than CGH2, driven by energy-intensive dehydrogenation process. Truck-based distribution further amplifies impacts, particularly over long distances, while pipeline-based distribution significantly reduces the environmental burdens where infrastructure exists. Sensitivity analysis reveals that using H2 for dehydrogenation heat lowers process-level impacts but increases overall supply chain impacts, questioning its net environmental benefit. Economically, LOHC remains competitive despite high dehydrogenation costs, benefiting from low sea transportation expenses, compatibility with existing fossil fuel infrastructure and potential for future CAPEX and OPEX improvements. While CGH2 outperforms LH2 and LNH3, avoiding energy-intensive liquefaction and cracking, its storage requirements add considerable costs. For land distribution, LOHC trucks are optimal at lower capacities, whereas repurposed natural gas pipelines favour CGH2 at higher scale, reducing costs by up to 84 %. Despite current trade-offs, the scalability, flexibility and synergies with existing infrastructure position LOHC as a promising solution for long-distance H2 transport, contingent on technological maturation to mitigate dehydrogenation impacts.This research was supported by the University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Basque Government (Project: IT1554-22), and Clean Hydrogen Partnership (grant agreement: 101111964). This Joint Undertaking receives support from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and Innovation programme, Hydrogen Europe, and Hydrogen Europe research. Grant PID2020-112889RB-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/ 10.13039/501100011033. The authors are grateful for the technical and human support provided by SGIker of UPV/EHU and European funding (ERDF and ESF)
Surrogate Molecular Biomarkers for Poststroke Cognitive Impairment: A Narrative Review
No full textPublished online: 8th August, 2025.Cognitive impairment is a clinical condition that frequently occurs after stroke, interfering with patients’ functional status and increasing their risk of death. Multiple cognitive domains can be affected, including language, memory, attention and executive functions. Current research highlights the clinical value of tools for early assessment of cognitive decline risk, enabling implementation of efficient and personalized treatment interventions. In this respect, surrogate molecular biomarkers have been identified as useful predictors of post-stroke cognitive decline. After stroke the brain undergoes neurochemical alterations, leading to changes in the concentration of several biomarkers, which can be detected in the plasma or serum of patients and that have been associated with impaired cognitive performance. However, there is still no consensus on the predictive value of those biomarkers. The present narrative review examines existing research on molecular biomarkers as a prognostic factor for post-stroke cognitive deterioration, with a specific focus on the neuropsychological rigor of the methodologies employed in these studies. Particularly, data concerning biomarkers variations in relation to global cognitive performance and the specifically affected cognitive domains is presented. The aim is to contribute to the establishment of a scientific consensus regarding the management of stroke recovery.This research is supported by the Basque Government through BERC (Basque Excellence Research Center) 2022-2025 accreditation and IKUR program to the Basque Center on Cognition, Brain and Language [BCBL], and by the Spanish State Research Agency through Severo Ochoa excellence accreditation to BCBL (CEX2020-001010/AEI/10.13039/501100011033). Dr Mancini acknowledges funding from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (project PID2020-113945RB-I00, NeLT.es and project PID2024-159519OB-I00, RECOGLAN). Dr Martín Muñoz also acknowledges grants from the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science/Fondo Europeo Desarrollo Regional (FEDER; PID2022-138022OB-I00) and by MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and European Union NextGeneration EU/Plan de Recuperación, Transformación y Resiliencia (PRTR; PCI2022-134986-2). Dr Freijo Guerrero acknowledges funding from Carlos III Institute (Redes de Investigación Cooperativa Orientadas a Resultados en Salud, RICORS-Ictus, RD24/0009/0004 ) and Basque Government Health Department (project 2024333023, BIOSTROKE)
Guía de diseño Kalelagun. Modelo de transformación de espacios públicos exteriores para mitigar las soledades y aumentar la autonomía de las personas mayores
No full text131 pLa Guía de Diseño de espacios públicos para prevenir y mitigar la soledad no deseada es resultado del proyecto de investigación KALELAGUN (calle amiga en euskera), desarrollado por el Grupo de Investigación Calidad de Vida en Arquitectura —CAVIAR— del Departamento de Arquitectura de la Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU.
El proyecto, promovido y financiado por la fundación ADINBERRI y la Diputación de Gipuzkoa, tiene como marco la estrategia ante las soledades de la Diputación de Gipuzkoa –HARIAK (hilos en euskera). El trabajo responde así a las actuaciones de estructuración o transformación del espacio físico que habitan, recorren y utilizan las personas (vivienda y urbanismo), clasificadas como de prevención primaria o universal para situaciones de inclusión relacional.
El proyecto KALELAGUN ha sido incluido como buena práctica en el proyecto de investigación KORALE —Towards a community of practice and knowledge on preventing and tackling loneliness from public policies (Interreg Europe), cofinanciado por la Unión Europea.
La primera plaza KALELAGUN comenzará a construirse en 2025, convirtiéndose en un referente para la transformación de las plazas y calles de nuestras ciudades para prevenir y mitigar la soledad no deseada
Impaired unfolded protein response, BDNF and synuclein markers in postmortem dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and caudate nucleus of patients with depression and Parkinson's disease
Get PDFMajor depressive disorder (MDD) is characterized by significant impairment in social, emotional, and cognitive functioning. Its precise pathophysiology remains poorly understood. Alterations in protein homeostasis and some misfolded proteins have been identified within the brains of patients diagnosed with neuropsychiatric disorders. In contrast to neurodegenerative processes such as Parkinson's disease (PD), where the accumulation of aggregated α-synuclein (α-Syn) protein is a primary cause of significant neuronal loss, altered proteostasis in MDD may result in loss-of-function effects by modifying synaptic neuroplasticity. Moreover, aberrant activation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) pathways may intensify the pathological alterations due to altered proteostasis. In this study, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) and caudate nucleus from MDD patients and non-psychiatric controls were used. Postmortem samples of same brain areas from PD patients (Braak 2–3 and 5–6) and controls were also included. Protein levels of ER and unfolded protein response (UPR), synucleins (α-, β- and γ-Syn), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) were measured by Western-Blot. Phospho-eIF2α/eIF2α ratio was increased in the dlPFC and caudate nucleus of MDD and PD patients compared to their respective controls. Brain area-dependent changes in BiP and GRP94 levels were also found. We further detected accumulation of immature BDNF precursors and opposite changes in α- and β-Syn levels in the dlPFC of MDD and PD patients compared to controls. Our findings suggest that alterations in proteostasis contribute to the pathophysiology of MDD, as previously described in PD. A deeper understanding of the pathways involved will identify other candidate proteins and new targets with therapeutic potential.This work has been funded by MCIU/AEI/FEDER, an EU grant (PID2019-105136RB-100, PID2022-141700OB-I00, MCIN/AEI/10. 13039/501100011033 to AB), and AGAUR 2021-SGR-01358, Government of Catalonia, Basque Government (IT1512/22), CB/07/09/0034 and CB/07/09/0008 Centre for Biomedical Research in Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM). We would also like to thank the Spanish Network for Research on Stress, MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033. USS has received a grant from the Training Programme for Non-Doctoral Pre-doctoral Researchers of the Basque Government, Spain. MSA has a Margarita Salas Scholarship (MS21-132) from the University of Valencia (reclassification of the Spanish University System of the Ministry of Universities of the Government of Spain, financed by the European Union, Next Generation EU)
Novel insights of functional high order interactions in the human brain: Neuroimaging Tools, Structural Relations and the Aging Brain
Get PDF131 p.La resonancia magnética permite estudiar la estructura y función cerebral sin ser invasiva, ofreciendo unmarco versátil para investigación y clínica. Tradicionalmente, la conectividad funcional se ha descritocon interacciones bivariadas, pero este enfoque limita la comprensión de la complejidad cerebral. Lasinteracciones de alto orden (HOI), basadas en teoría de la información, permiten capturar dependenciassinérgicas y redundantes entre múltiples regiones. Aplicadas a datos de fMRI en reposo, muestran quela DMN tiende a ser redundante y la red frontoparietal sinérgica, con variaciones asociadas a la edad.Además, los perfiles de HOI se relacionan con el rendimiento cognitivo y muestran vínculos diferencialescon la conectividad estructural. En conjunto, estas métricas ofrecen un avance metodológico paracomprender la organización cerebral y sus cambios con la edad y la cognición. La integración de HOI condatos multimodales sugiere que la redundancia se apoya más en la anatomía, mientras que la sinergiadepende de mecanismos dinámicos. Esto refuerza la idea de que el cerebro combina estabilidad yflexibilidad para sostener el procesamiento de la información. Como línea futura, se plantea aplicarestas métricas en poblaciones clínicas y explorar su potencial como biomarcadores de envejecimientosaludabl