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Significar el pueblo. ¿Se puede representar a la mayoría social?
No full textThe People is usually enunciated as immutable. Too frequently it is assumed that this notion refers to the social majority as if it was a unit. Behind this homogeneous view of reality, however, are hidden modes of discourse that legitimise the class structure. In this text I reflect on the political value of referring to the People by reviewing some of the most suggestive theoretical assumptions of contemporary critical thought. From a post-marxist and psychoanalytical approach, I define the popular as an "Empty Signifier" that makes its total identification impossible. At the same time, I also argue that its incompleteness does not deny the emancipatory potential of oppressed groups when the idea of the People is sustained by their symbolic and material experience. I conclude by affirming that the antagonism on which our societies are founded still makes viable forms of self representation based on the assumptions of Other Popular Identity.; El pueblo suele enunciarse como algo inmutable. Con demasiada frecuencia desde las ciencias sociales se asume que esta noción se refiere a la mayoría social como si esta conformara una unidad. Sin embargo, detrás de esta visión homogénea de la realidad se esconden modos de discurso que legitiman la estructura de clases. En este texto reflexiono sobre la utilidad política de apelar al pueblo a través de la revisión de algunos de los presupuestos teóricos más sugerentes del pensamiento crítico contemporáneo. Desde un enfoque postmarxista y psicoanalítico defino lo popular como un "significante vacío" que vuelve imposible su identificación total. A su vez, también planteo que su incompletitud no niega el potencial emancipador de los grupos oprimidos cuando la idea de pueblo se sostiene en su experiencia simbólica y material. Concluyo afirmando que el antagonismo en que se fundan nuestras sociedades aún hace viables formas de autorrepresentación basadas en los presupuestos de otra identidad popular
Plato and the Complex Genos of the Sophist
No full textTo reveal the sophist’s genos, the Sophist offers seven logoi, each of which picks out a different aspect of sophistry. How are we to judge them? Which is the best definition? Although scholars have divided opinions, the text clearly states that thesophist is most correctly exposed through the seventh logos. If so, then what are we tomake of the first six logoi? Does the seventh logos prove them to be untrue? Or does itrather paint a more complex picture of the genos in question, which nonetheless relates to the previous logoi? The present paper defends this last option. Specifically, it arguesthat the seventh definition singles out the unifying element of the different concrete images of the sophist presented in the first five logoi. Besides that, the paper claims that the sixth logos is the only one that does not correspond to the sophist, but to the philosopher. Thus, by contrasting the sixth and seventh definitions of the Sophist, Plato offers an important key line of demarcation between the philosopher and the sophist, despite recognizing that the former may share some specific characteristics of the latter.Proyecto de investigación del Ministerio Platón y la Historia (PID2023-146491NB-I00), AKTIBA-IT ikerketa talde
Lettuce entertain you: Assessing Sandwich Builder as a measure of auditory short‑term memory
No full textPublished on 4th JuneNumerous language models propose a critical role of auditory short-term memory in spoken language processing, making reliable estimations of individual listeners’ memory capacities essential in linguistic research. Although a variety of cogni-tive tasks exist for assessing both visual and auditory short-term capacities in a laboratory environment (e.g., digit span), these types of tasks are typically not engaging for the participant. In the current study, we assess the validity and reliability of a novel “gamified” short-term memory assessment tool called Sandwich Builder. In Sandwich Builder, the participant
completes 12 trials of a sandwich-building game. In each trial, a drive-thru customer’s sandwich order is presented auditorily, including a list of 1 to 10 sandwich ingredients (e.g., salami, cheddar cheese, mayo, and olives). The participant needs to remember these sandwich ingredients and then build the customer’s sandwich by selecting the necessary ingredients in the correct order. We evaluate Sandwich Builder as an estimate of auditory short-term memory, finding significant correlations with other classic short-term memory measures. Additionally, we measure affect (i.e., mood), fatigue, and motivation fol-
lowing Sandwich Builder as compared to classic tasks: Participants leave Sandwich Builder in a better mood, less fatigued, and more motivated than they leave other memory tasks. Sandwich Builder shows strong convergent, discriminant, and predictive validity, and moderate-to-good test–retest reliability. Finally, we examine the practicality of Sandwich Builder as a measure of individual differences in speech perception research, providing expected power curves for two common paradigms. Altogether, we robustly demonstrate the utility of Sandwich Builder, which is openly available online.Open Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Springer Nature. This work was supported by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No. 101103964, the Basque Government through the BERC 2022-2025 program, the Spanish State Research Agency through BCBL Severo Ochoa excellence accreditation CEX2020-001010-S, and a Gorilla & Prolific Behavioral Research Grant
Industria eta Nazioarteko Merkataritza Sakanan
No full textLan honek Sakanako eskualdeko industria eta nazioarteko merkataritzaren bilakaera aztertzen du, bere garrantzi historiko eta gaur egungo egoera sozioekonomikoan oinarrituta. Eskualdeak Nafarroako industriaren pisu handiena izanik, bere garapena lotuta dago metalurgia, automozio eta makina-erreminta sektoreekin, baita elikagaigintzarekin ere. Hala ere, mendekotasun hori zaurgarritasun-iturri bihurtzen da nazioarteko krisi ekonomikoen, energiaren prezioen gorabeheren eta enpresa enblematikoen krisien aurrean.
Azterketak erakusten du etorkizuneko erronka nagusiak direla egitura industrialaren berrikuntza eta digitalizazioa, nazioartekotze sendo eta orekatua lortzea, eta gizarte-kohesioa bermatzea belaunaldi-erreleboaren eta prestakuntzaren bidez. Aldi berean, aukerak daude 4.0 industriaren garapenean, berrikuntza kolaboratiboan, trantsizio energetikoan eta lanbide-heziketaren indartzean. Horrenbestez, Sakanako etorkizuna tokiko baliabideak aktibatzeko eta eragile publiko eta pribatuen arteko lankidetza sendoan oinarritutako estrategia kolektibo baten arrakastaren araberakoa izango da
Medir en sociología: repensar la cuantificación desde la justicia epistémica sexo-genérica. Presentación
No full textThis text introduces the special issue “Why Quantitative Sociology Needs to Come Out of the Closets?”, proposing a critical review of the epistemic and methodological foundations of quantitative sociology from a sex-gender justice perspective. It argues that measurement is not a neutral operation but a situated practice that shapes what is visible and intelligible within sociological knowledge. The collected works show how statistical production reproduces a notion of the “average subject” and propose inclusive methodological approaches and conceptual tools. The issue features contributions from Celia Fernández-Carro; Laura Casado Luna, Laia Folguera Cots, and Oscar Guasch Andreu; Natalia Romero Marchesini; Marcela Schenck, Cecilia Rocha, Diego Sempol, and Andrea Macari; and, Paula García Muñoz and Aarón Hocasar de Blas. Two critical papes written by Luis Robledo and Josune Delgado complete the issue.; Este texto presenta el monográfico "¿Por qué la sociología cuantitativa debe salir de los armarios?" proponiendo una revisión crítica de los fundamentos epistémicos y metodológicos de la sociología cuantitativa desde una perspectiva de justicia sexo-genérica. Se sostiene que medir no es una operación neutra, sino una práctica situada que configura lo visible y lo inteligible en el conocimiento sociológico. Los trabajos que se recogen muestran cómo la producción estadística reproduce una noción de "sujeto medio" y plantean propuestas metodológicas y herramientas conceptuales inclusivas. El número presenta las contribuciones de Celia Fernández-Carro; Laura Casado Luna, Laia Folguera Cots y Oscar Guasch Andreu; Natalia Romero Marchesini; Marcela Schenck, Cecilia Rocha, Diego Sempol y Andrea Macari; y, Paula García Muñoz y Aarón Hocasar de Blas. Dos papeles críticos escritos por Luis Robledo y Josune Delgado completan el númer
Análisis econométrico del mercado de la vivienda en las Encartaciones
Get PDFEste Trabajo Fin de Grado analiza los efectos de las características que pueden afectar al precio de venta de una vivienda. En concreto, se centra en el mercado inmobiliario de la comarca de Enkarterri. Este estudio tiene como objetivo determinar cuáles son las características que más influyen en el precio de venta de una vivienda. Para ello, se ha estimado un modelo econométrico de precios hedónicos utilizando datos obtenidos de distintos portales inmobiliarios web. El análisis evidenció una marcada heterogeneidad en el mercado inmobiliario de Enkarterri, lo que llevó a segmentar el análisis diferenciando entre casas y pisos. Inicialmente considerando todas las viviendas en su totalidad, los factores relevantes en la determinación del precio de venta fueron la superficie, la parcela, el número de baños, la tenencia de jardín, ascensor, terraza, garaje, la necesidad de reforma y su interacción con la superficie, así como la localización en un municipio determinado, pero no lo fueron el número de habitaciones, la tenencia de balcón, trastero, la planta o el tipo de vivienda. No obstante, al estimar este modelo por separado para casas y pisos, se mejoró aún más su capacidad explicativa y se pudo determinar que algunos de estos factores influyen de distinta forma en el precio de venta de ser una casa a ser un piso, dejando de ser relevante el municipio en cualquiera de los dos tipos de viviend
Exploring urban design’s impact on physical activity: A participatory photovoice study across socioeconomically diverse neighborhoods
Get PDFUrban design significantly influences the physical activity (PA) behaviors of residents, impacting public health and well-being. This study examines how the built environment, social structures, economic conditions, and political context shape PA behaviors in three socioeconomically diverse neighborhoods in Bilbao, Spain. Using the Photovoice method, forty-one participants documented and discussed urban design features that affect their PA, fostering deep community engagement. A thematic analysis of 117 photographs identified four overarching factors influencing PA across all socioeconomic groups: 1) availability and quality of urban spaces for PA; 2) walkability and pedestrian infrastructure; 3) perceived safety and security; and 4) management of community assets. These factors were shaped by public space accessibility, topography, traffic-pedestrian interactions, and the extent of community involvement in urban planning. The study highlights the importance of inclusive, participatory approaches in urban planning to address health disparities and promote active, sustainable communities. Participants suggested specific interventions such as improving pedestrian infrastructure, enhancing
safety measures, and increasing community-led management of shared assets to encourage active living. By emphasizing the role of social policies and community engagement, these findings provide a foundation for policymakers to develop strategies that promote equitable access to active living environments for all residents. While the study’s insights are context-specific to Bilbao, they offer valuable lessons for similar urban settings, highlighting the potential of community-based approaches in fostering healthier and more inclusive citiesThis project was funded by the University of the Basque Country (US 19/14) and the Spanish Foundation for Science and Technology – Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (FCT-20–16752). It is also supported by the predoctoral program for the training of non-PhD researchers through the Department of Education of the Basque Government
Finding words in a sea of text: Word search as a measure of sensitivity to statistical regularities in reading
Get PDFPublished on 13th February.Statistical learning (SL) is hypothesized to play a fundamental role in reading, yet the correlations
between reading and SL are largely mixed. This inconsistency may result from the fact that most
SL studies train participants to learn novel, non-linguistic visual regularities, which overlooks two
important factors: (a) SL performance varies across domains, and (b) most SL studies utilize tasks
with short exposure-phases with a limited set of novel structured stimuli. Rather than exposing
participants to novel statistics, we explored how prior learning of the statistical regularities
inherent in natural texts predicts individual differences in reading. We developed a novel measure
of long-term orthographic SL by assessing participants’ ability to chunk letter information based
on its statistical properties. Adults were prompted to find high and low frequency English words
(derived from written-language corpora) when a single target word was embedded in an array of
background distractors comprising letters that do not form words. Performance on this task was
compared against three established measures of component skills of reading: lexical decision,
orthographic awareness, and spelling recognition. Participants were faster and more accurate at
identifying high frequency words, replicating classic psycholinguistic results. Performance was
also impacted by semantic diversity—the variation of the semantic contexts a word appears in—
independent of frequency. Critically, word search performance significantly predicted each
reading subtest, suggesting that the task draws upon key reading-related skills. Sensitivity to
orthographic statistical structure may serve as a crucial foundation that drives individual
differences in reading, consistent with SL-based accounts of language.This research was in part supported by a NIH NRSA postdoctoral research grant (F32HD104542)
awarded to ESI and a NIH research grant (HD-037082) awarded to Elissa Newport (subcontract
to Richard Aslin)
Toward a complete description of multiple Dp-brane systems: multiple D0 story
No full text231 p.In this thesis, we address the problem of constructing the complete supersymmetric description ofsystems of N nearly coincident Dirichlet p-branes (multiple Dp-brane or mDp). A particularlyimportant result is a completely nonlinear action for the 10-dimensional dynamical system of nearlycoincident multiple D0-branes (mD0) which is doubly supersymmetric, i.e. invariant under bothspacetime and worldline supersymmetry. This problem is approached in flat superspace using the(spinor) moving frame formalism.To reach this goal, we first construct the action for the D = 4 N = 1 non-Abelian multiwave system(nAmW), reduce it dimensionally, and obtain a nonlinear action for the D = 3 N = 2 mD0 system.Using the insights and procedure refined through the study of these lower dimensional models, weconstruct a family of doubly supersymmetric actions with the properties expected for 10D mD0-brane system.We have also initiated the quantization program aimed at development of a field theory of mD0system. This quantization in its complete form is expected to lead to a novel supersymmetric fieldtheory formulated on a superspace extended by additional bosonic and fermionic matrixcoordinates. As a first step toward this goal, we construct the Hamiltonian formalism and performthe covariant quantization of the simplest 3-dimensional counterpart of 10D mD
La Decisión del Consejo 2022/382 y la protección temporal en el caso de Ucrania: estereotipos y discriminación racial
No full textLa magnitud del desplazamiento forzado de personas desde Ucrania motivado por la invasión rusa ha obligado al Consejo a activar, tras más de veinte años de vigencia, la Directiva de protección temporal. Es la Decisión del Consejo 2022/382, que entra en vigor el 7 de marzo de 2022, la que permite la rápida activación por vez primera de la Directiva 2001/55 provocando de esta forma una ola de solidaridad sin precedentes en la Unión. El presente trabajo analiza, fijando el foco en la Decisión 2022/382, si tras esta solidaridad sin precedentes existe un tratamiento discriminatorio. Para realizar el estudio nuestra mirada se fija en un doble ángulo: se analiza la respuesta de la Unión ante crisis anteriores como la vivida con la guerra en Siria en 2015; y también se compara el tratamiento otorgado por la Unión en función del origen racial o del estatus migratorio de las personas que huyen de Ucrania. Se trata de examinar si la protección temporal activada por la Decisión 2022/382 es una singularidad que encierra en el fondo una discriminación racial