ADDI
Not a member yet
47763 research outputs found
Sort by
The Hegemonic Transition in Latin America: To What Extent is China Challenging US’s Hegemony?
Get PDFIn this paper, we examine the geopolitical consequences of China’s enhanced engagement in Latin America. China is increasing its economic weight among Latin American countries, reinforcing its external image to counter the perception that the US is a unique relevant ally. In previous research, some authors have supported the idea that China could become a sort of neocolonial power in Latin America, substituting the hegemony of the United States. In this article, we carry out an in-depth review of Western literature and a comprehensive analysis of the bilateral relationship to discuss China’s role in the region. We apply the principles of the hegemonic stability and the power transition theories, and we also include an assessment of “soft power” components. We conclude that China is eroding US power in Latin America but is still far from becoming the new regional hegemon
Gizatasunaz eta pentsamendu teknologikoaren ibilbideaz
Get PDFIn this text we will make a history of Western consciousness, essential for the appearance of computer and artificial intelligence, and for this it will be necessary, albeit briefly, to know how logic was introduced in human reflections so that at a given moment it leaves the human realm and is incorporated into the world of machines. That is, we will analyze how logic has been introduced into human thought, how it has been rooted and how it has emerged, explaining the consequences this path has had for humanness and what are the main trends today. Our deep starting point is that the machine of artificial intelligence is the foremost contribution of modern transhumanism. The affirmation or denial of the human being is at stake in an age of nihilism. The purpose of this text is, therefore, to analyze the challenges that the very existence of artificial intelligence, before a concrete use, raises before an ancestral question: What is the human being?; Testu honetan, ordenagailua eta adimen artifiziala agertzeko ezinbesteko izan den Mendebaldeko kontzientziaren historia egingo dugu, eta, horretarako, halabeharrezko izango zaigu, labur bada ere, logika giza gogoetetan nola sartu zen ezagutzea, une jakin batean giza eremutik atera eta makinen eremuan txerta zedin. Hau da, logika giza pentsamenduan nola sartu, nola errotu eta nola atera den aztertuko dugu, eta azalduko dugu ibilbide horrek gizatasunari zer ondorio eragin dizkion eta gaurgeroko joera nagusiak zein izango diren. Gure sakoneko abiapuntua honako hau da: adimen artifizialaren makina transhumanismo modernoaren ekarpenik nabariena da. Gizakiaren baieztapena edo ezeztapena jokoan daude nihilismoak itzalitako garai honetan. Testu honen helburua, beraz, adimen artifizialaren agerpenak berak, erabilera jakinak baino lehen, aspaldiko galderaren aurrean dakarrena aztertzea da: zer da gizakia
Are you talking to me? How the choice of speech register impacts listeners’ hierarchical encoding of speech
Get PDFAvailable online 31 March 2025Speakers accommodate their speech to meet the needs of their listeners, producing different speech registers. One such register is L2 Accommodation (L2A), which is the way native speakers address non- native listeners, typically characterized by features such as slow speech rate and phonetic exaggeration. Here, we investigated how register impacts the cortical encoding of speech at different levels of language integration. Specifically, we tested the hypothesis that enhanced comprehension of L2A compared with Native Directed Speech (NDS) involves more than just a slower speech rate, influencing speech processing from acoustic to semantic levels. Electroencephalography (EEG) signals were recorded from Spanish native listeners, who were learning English (L2 learners), and English native listeners (L1 listeners) as they were presented with audio- stories. Speech was presented in English in three different speech registers: L2A, NDS, and a control register (Slow- NDS) which is a slowed down version of NDS. We measured the cortical encoding of acoustic, phonological, and semantic information with a multivariate temporal response function analysis (TRF) on the EEG signals. We found that L2A promoted L2 learners’ cortical encoding at all the levels of speech and language processing considered. First, L2A led to a more pronounced encoding of the speech envelope. Second, phonological encoding was more refined when listening to L2A, with phoneme perception getting closer to that of L1 listeners. Finally, L2A also enhanced the TRF- N400, a neural signature of semantic integration. Conversely, L2A impacted acoustic but not linguistic speech encoding in L1 listeners. In contrast, slow- NDS altered the cortical encoding of sound acoustics in L1 listeners but did not impact semantic or phonological encoding. Taken together, these results support our hypothesis that L2A accommodates speech processing in L2 listeners beyond what can be achieved by simply speaking slowly, impacting the cortical encoding of sound and language at different abstraction levels. In turn, this study provides objective metrics that are sensitive to the impact of register on the hierarchical encoding of speech, which could be extended to other registers and cohorts.This research was supported by a Doctoral Fellowship (LCF/BQ/DI19/11730045) from the “La Caixa” Foundation (ID 100010434), the Cognition and Natural Sensory Processing Initiative (CNSP), a travel scholarship supported by mBrainTrain, and a Scientific Exchange grant from the European Molecular Biology Organization (EMBO, number 9996) awarded to G.P. This research was also supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation through the Ramon y Cajal Research Fellowship (RYC2018-024284-I) to M.K., by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (PID2020-113926GB-I00 and PID2023-148756NB-I00 to C.D.M.), and the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement No 819093 to C.D.M.). This research was supported by the Basque Government through the BERC 2022-2025 program and by the Spanish State Research Agency through BCBL Severo Ochoa excellence accreditation CEX2020-001010-S. This research was supported by the Science Foundation Ireland under Grant Agreement No. 13/RC/2106_P2 at the ADAPT SFI Research Centre at Trinity College Dublin. ADAPT, the SFI Research Centre for AI-Driven Digital Content Technology, is funded by the Science Foundation Ireland through the SFI Research Centres Programme
ChatGPT irakurketa errazeko testuak egokitzeko baliagarria eta fidagarria? Lectura fácil-eko zenbait testuren azterketa: Lectura fácil-eko zenbait testuren azterketa
No full textEasy-to-Read (E2R) aims to generate more accessible texts and content for readers with cognitive problems or learning difficulties, using simple and clear language. The process of adapting and creating E2R texts is very expensive and time-consuming. Due to the success of Large Language Models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT and their ability to generate written language, it is likely to think that such models can help in the adaptation or creation of text in E2R. In this paper, we explore the concept of E2R, its underlying principles and applications, and provides a preliminary study on the usefulness of ChatGPT-4 for E2R text adaptation. We focus on the Spanish language and its E2R variant, Lectura Fácil (LF). We consider a range of prompts that can be used and the differences in output that this produces. We then carry out a three-folded evaluation on 10 texts adapted by ChatGPT-4: (1) an automated evaluation to check values related to the readability of texts, (2) a checklist-based manual evaluation (for which we also propose three new capabilities) and (3) a users' evaluation with people with cognitive disabilities. We show that it is difficult to choose the best prompt to make ChatGPT-4 adapt texts to LF. Furthermore, the generated output does not follow the E2R text rules, so it is often not suitable for the target audience.; Irakurketa errazaren helburua da arazo kognitiboak edo ikasteko zailtasunak dituzten irakurleentzat testu eta eduki irisgarriagoak sortzea, eta, horretarako, hizkuntza sinplea eta argia erabiltzen da. Testuak irakurketa errazera egokitzea prozesu garestia da, bai denbora aldetik baita ekonomia aldetik ere. Prozesu hori azkartzen ChatGPT bezalako tresnek lagun dezakete. Lan honetan, irakurketa erraza zer den azaltzeaz gain, ChatGPT-4k irakurketa errazera egokitzapena nola egiten duen aztertu dugu. Zehazki, gaztelaniazko lectura fácileko testuak izan ditugu aztergai eta hiru ebaluazio egin ditugu: i) neurri linguistiko automatikoetan oinarritutakoa; ii) testuen sinplifikazioko capabilityetan oinarritutakoa; eta iii) helburu talde diren erabiltzaileekin egindakoa. Gure emaitzen arabera, oso zaila da testuak ChatGPT-4ri egokiaraziko dion prompt egoki bat aukeratzea, sortu dituen testuak ez dituzte irakurketa errazeko gidalerroak jarraitzen eta, askotan, ChatGPT-4k sortutako testua ez da egokia helburu taldearentzat
La Corte Penal Internacional: proceso, casuística y límites frente a la impunidad
No full text[spa] La Corte Penal Internacional (CPI), creada en 1998, es el primer tribunal penal permanente y de vocación universal, encargado de juzgar a individuos responsables de los crímenes más graves que afectan a la comunidad internacional.
El presente trabajo aborda el proceso penal ante la CPI con el objetivo de identificar sus principales limitaciones y deficiencias en el enjuiciamiento de crímenes internacionales. Para ello, se adopta como marco interpretativo la política de actuación de la Fiscalía, expresada a través de sus policy papers, y se analizan tanto los casos ya enjuiciados de Thomas Lubanga y Dominic Ongwen, como las situaciones actualmente bajo investigación en Palestina y Ucrania.
Tras analizar el procedimiento ante la Corte, su marco jurídico-institucional y el proceso de selección y gestión de casos a partir de ejemplos concretos, se reflexiona sobre las limitaciones que la Corte enfrenta y que comprometen su mandato, independencia y eficacia.[eus] Nazioarteko Zigor Auzitegia (NZA), 1998an sortua, nazioarteko komunitateari eragiten dioten krimenik larrienen erantzuleak epaitzeaz arduratzen den lehen zigor-auzitegi iraunkorra da.
Lan honek NZAren aurreko prozesu penalari heltzen dio, nazioarteko krimenen epaiketan dituen muga eta gabezia nagusiak identifikatzeko. Horretarako, Fiskaltzaren jarduketa-politika hartzen da interpretazio-esparrutzat, bere policy papersen bidez adierazia, eta dagoeneko epaituta dauden Thomas Lubanga eta Dominic Ongwen kasuak aztertzen dira, bai eta gaur egun Palestinan eta Ukrainan ikertzen ari diren egoerak ere.
Gortearen aurreko prozedura, haren esparru juridiko-instituzionala eta kasuak hautatzeko eta kudeatzeko prozesua aztertu ondoren, adibide zehatzetatik abiatuta, Gorteak aurre egin beharreko mugei buruz hausnartzen da, muga horiek haren mandatua, independentzia eta eraginkortasuna arriskuan jartzen baitute.[eng] The International Criminal Court (ICC), established in 1998, is the first permanent criminal court with universal jurisdiction, responsible for prosecuting individuals responsible for the most serious crimes affecting the international community.
This paper addresses the criminal proceedings before the ICC with the aim of identifying its main limitations and shortcomings in the prosecution of international crimes. To this end, it adopts the Office of the Prosecutor's policy framework, set out in its policy papers, as the interpretive lens, and analyzes both adjudicated cases, such as those of Thomas Lubanga and Dominic Ongwen, as well as the ongoing investigations in Palestine and Ukraine.
By analyzing the Court’s procedural structure, its legal and institutional framework, and the selection and management of cases through concrete examples, this study reflects on the limitations the Court faces, limitations that compromise its mandate, independence, and effectiveness. These challenges threaten both the Court’s future and its preventive capacity
Isquemia cerebral tardía y su relación con el estado de gravedad al ingreso y tratamiento realizado en pacientes con hemorragia subaracnoidea aneurismática
No full text284 p.La aHSA representa el 5% de los ictus y es el subtipo con mayor morbimortalidad. Laisquemia cerebral tardía es una complicación grave que se da en los pacientes con aHSA.Actualmente se considera que su origen es multifactorial y la falta de factores de riesgodefinidos impide la temprana identificación de los pacientes con mayor probabilidad dedesarrollar esta complicación. Se ha realizado un análisis de cohorte retrospectivorecogiendo los datos de 134 pacientes. Se realizó un análisis de regresión logística paraidentificar los factores de riesgo relacionados con el desarrollo de ICT y la mortalidad y sepropusieron escalas predictoras tanto para ICT como para mortalidad. Resultados: losfactores de riesgo asociados fueron grados 3-4 en la escala WFNS, la localización delaneurisma y la presencia de leucocitosis. El diámetro de aneurisma y el antecedente decardiopatía resultaron ser factores protectores. Los resultados obtenidos han permitidoelaborar sendos scores predictivos del riesgo de ICT y mortalidad
Evolution of Physiological Responses and Fatigue Analysis in Padel Matches According to Match Outcome and Playing Position
No full textPadel is a doubles racket sport played on an enclosed court, characterised by intermittent
high-intensity efforts, frequent directional changes, and short recovery periods. This study
aimed to analyse the evolution of physiological responses and neuromuscular fatigue in
amateur padel players according to playing position (Right Side [RS] vs. Left Side [LS]) and
match outcome (Win or Lose). A total of 52 padel players (35.6 ± 11.6 years) participated,
competing in 13 matches. The mean match duration was 57.2 ± 15.7 min, with an average
of 152.0 ± 40.4 points per match. Physiological variables were recorded during each set,
and neuromuscular variables (countermovement jump [CMJ] and handgrip strength) were
assessed before the match and after each set. No significant differences in physiological
load were found between winners and losers or between RS and LS positions. However,
differences in handgrip strength were observed at T1 (p < 0.05, d =−0.72) and T2 (p < 0.05,
d =−0.59) (post-set testing), with LS players showing higher grip strength. Regarding the
progression of physiological responses across the different sets, a progressive increase in
cardiovascular load was observed within each subgroup, with significant differences across
sets (set 1, set 2, and set 3) in several variables, including HRpeak, HRavg, zone 1, zone 2, zone
3, and TRIMPEdwards. No performance decline was observed in CMJ or handgrip strength
in any of the groups analysed. These findings suggest that physiological responses increase
throughout a match, particularly in the final sets, but no signs of neuromuscular fatigue
(CMJ and handgrip) were observed, regardless of match outcome or playing position. These
results highlight the need to include high-intensity scenarios and role-specific strategies in
training to address the progressive physiological demands and positional differences in
match play
Land use and land cover change and river adjustment
No full textAbstract of Virtual presentation.The EbroHydromorph project aims at studying the morphological changes of the middle Ebro
River (between Logroño and La Zaida) in recent decades, and sediment transport in particular. In a
first phase, a historical study of land use and land cover changes in the Ebro river basin to the end
point of the study area is carried out, with an area up to 49,434 km2, with the aim of finding out
how these changes have affected the hydrogeomorphological conditions of the main river and its
tributaries.
The elaboration of the cartography of the mid-20th century has been a laborious task carried out
by digitalising land use and land covers (LULC) and completing it with some of the maps already
drawn up previously in a few areas of the studied basin. This basin covers a very wide typology of
landscapes, from Atlantic, to Mediterranean, including alpine and semiarid landscapes.
Land use and land cover distribution of the mid-20th century has been reconstructed and
compared with that available in the 2014 land use and cover map, analysing in detail the
modification of the active channel surfaces of the entire basin, as an indicator of the changes in
flow and sediment inputs. The preliminary results show a drastic reduction of active channel
surfaces, while forest, artificial and grassland areas have increased.
Additionally these land use and land use cover changes have been related to discharge evolution
in those unregulated river reaches, in order to see the impact of LULC changes on flow availability.Proyecto PID2022-138196OB-C32 "Observatorio de Sedimento del Ebro: ajustes hidrogeomorfológicos en respuesta a los riesgos de inundación y la gestión del sedimento (EbroHydroMorph)“ (The Ebro Sediment Observatory (OSE): hydro-geomorphological adjustments in response to human-induced impacts. Implications for flooding risks and sediment management (EbroHydroMorph)) financiado por el Ministerio de Innovación, Ciencia y Universidade
Gernika, transmedialidad y memoria para el futuro en la narrativa alemana del siglo XXI
No full textLa elaboración literaria de la Legión Cóndor y del Bombardeo de Gernika ha sido escasa en la ficción narrativa alemana, salvando contadas excepciones. En este estudio se analizará la representación literaria del lugar de la memoria Gernika en las novelas Spione (2000) de Marcel Beyer y Spaniens Himmel breitet seine Sterne - Oder, Ein Lied kehrt zurück (2006) de Christina Seidel y Kurt Wünsch, para evaluar su aportación al debate sobre la memoria transmedial y la memoria para el futuro (Zukunfstgedächtnis). Como conclusión principal se apunta a la visión más pesimista de la novela de Beyer, mientras la escrita por Seidel y Wünsch proyectan una perspectiva más optimista ante la empresa de conformar una memoria común significativa para el futuro.With a few exceptions, the Condor Legion and the bombing of Guernica have been rarely depicted in German fiction. This study analyses the literary representation of Guernica as a place of memory in the novels Spione (2000) by Marcel Beyer and Spaniens Himmel breitet seine Sterne - Oder, Ein Lied kehrt zurück (2006) by Christina Seidel and Kurt Wünsch, in order to evaluate their contribution to the debate on transmedial memory and memory for the future (Zukunfstgedächtnis). The main conclusion points to the more pessimistic view of Beyer's novel, while Seidel and Wünsch's novel projects a more optimistic perspective on the task of shaping a meaningful common memory for the future.Proyecto de investigación MINECO “GERNIKA(S): Representación, transmedialidad y resemantización de un trauma histórico” MINECO: PID2021-125952NB- I00 (2022-2025) Grupo de investigación “La literatura como documento histórico” (GIU21/003) financiado por la Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (2022-2025
Kontsumitzaileen hizkuntza-eskubideak EAEn eta Katalunian
Get PDF[eus] Lan honek berezko hizkuntza duten bi autonomia-erkidegotan kontsumitzaileek dituzten
hizkuntza-eskubideetan jartzen du arreta: Euskal Autonomia Erkidegoa eta Katalunia. Azterketa autonomia-erkidego bakoitzeko hizkuntza-eskubidei buruzko hiru lege garrantzitsuenetan oinarritzen da. Alderaketa eta azterketa errazteko, legeen bilakaera eta dituzten antzekotasunak eta desberdintasunak behatu ahal izateko, artikulu bakoitza honako irizpide hauek kontuan hartuta sailkatu da: Erreferentzia Marko Estandarra, aplikatzen zaion sektorea, eskakizun maila, kontrol mekanismoak eta jasotako hizkuntza kexak. Emaitzek bezeroekiko harremanetara bideratutako araudiaren garrantzia nabarmentzen dute, aldiz, agerian geratzen dira beste eremu batzuetan dauden hutsuneak. Era berean, Euskal Autonomia Erkidegoan gero eta lege malguagoa eta, batez ere, ez hain zehatzailea egiteko joera ikusten da, Katalunian ikuspegi zorrotzagoa mantentzen den bitartean.[spa] Este trabajo se centra en el análisis de los derechos lingüísticos de los consumidores en dos de las comunidades autónomas que tienen lengua propia: País Vasco y Cataluña. El análisis se realiza a partir de las tres leyes relativas a los derechos lingüísticos más relevantes de cada comunidad autónoma. Para facilitar su comparación y análisis y poder observar su evolución, así como las similitudes y diferencias que presentan, se ha clasificado cada artículo teniendo en cuenta los siguientes criterios: el Marco Estándar de Referencia, el sector al que se aplica, el grado de exigencia, los controles de mecanismos y las quejas lingüísticas recibidas. Los resultados destacan la importancia de la normativa dirigida a las relaciones con los clientes, mientras que se aprecian vacíos normativos en otros ámbitos. Asimismo, en el País Vasco se observa una tendencia a una ley cada vez más flexible y sobre todo menos sancionadora, en Cataluña persiste un enfoque más estricto.[eng] This work focuses on the analysis of consumer language rights in two autonomous communities with their own languages: the Basque Country and Catalonia. The analysis is based on the three most relevant laws relating to language rights in each autonomous community. To facilitate comparison and analysis and to observe their evolution, as well as the similarities and differences they present, each article has been classified according to the following criteria: the Standard Reference Framework, the sector to which it applies, the degree of strictness, the control mechanisms, and the language complaints received. The results highlight the importance of regulations aimed at customer relations, while regulatory gaps are noted in other areas. Furthermore, in the Basque Country, there is a trend toward increasingly flexible and, above all, less punitive laws, while in Catalonia, a stricter approach persists