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Montevideo y las invasiones inglesas, 1806-1807. Guerra y sociedad
Full text link407 p.Las Invasiones Inglesas al Río de la Plata constituyen un episodio clave en tiempos finales de la Colonia. En un año de conflicto se movilizó toda la sociedad de Buenos Aires y Montevideo para derrotar a los enemigos. En esta tesis de doctorado vamos a fundamentar el papel de Montevideo y la Banda Oriental del Río de la Plata en esta victoria de España ante un enemigo secular. Vamos a explicar la acumulación de fuerzas en la Banda Oriental, también la lógica y práctica de la guerra terrestre y naval a inicios del siglo XIX.En un paso siguiente vamos a estudiar la ocupación británica de Montevideo (03.02.1807-07.09.1807) y sus consecuencias económicas, pero también las culturales y sociales.En un paso siguiente vamos a analizar la bibliografía sobre Invasiones Inglesas y explicaremos porque a nuestro entender buena parte de ella no interpreta en su dimensión el papel de Montevideo en esa guerra. Finalmente vamos a expresar nuestras conclusiones sobre los aspectos expresados
Ceramic-Rich Composite Separators for High-Voltage Solid-State Batteries
No full textComposite solid electrolytes are gaining interest regarding their use in Li-metal
solid-state batteries. Although high ceramic content improves the electrochemical stability
of ceramic-rich composite separators (C-SCE), the polymeric matrix also plays a
vital role. In the first generation of C-SCE separators with a PEO-based matrix, the addition
of 90–95 wt% of Li6.45Al0.05La3Zr1.6Ta0.4O12 (LLZO) does not make C-SCE stable
for cell cycling with high-voltage (HV) cathodes. For the next iteration, the objective
was to find an HV-stable polymeric matrix for C-SCEs. Herein, we report results on
optimizing C-SCE separators with different ceramics and polymers which can craft the
system towards better stability with NMC622-based composite cathodes. Both LLZO and
Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7(PO4)3 (LATP) were utilized as ceramic components in C-SCE separators.
Poly(diallyldimethylammonium) bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (PDDA-TFSI) and
poly (vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP) were used as polymers in
the “polymer/LiTFSI/plasticizer”-based matrix. The initial phase of the selection criteria
for the separator matrix involved assessing mechanical stability and ionic conductivity.
Two optimized separator formulations were then tested for their electrochemical stability
with both Li metal and HV composite cathodes. The results showed that Li/NMC622 cells
with LP70_PVDF_HFP and LZ70_PDDA-TFSI separators exhibited more stable cycling
performance compared to those with LZ90_PEO300k-based separators.Funding from Fundación CIDETEC, DESTINY COFUND PhD Programme under Marie
Sklodowska-Curie grant (G.A. No 945357), and German “Federal Ministry of Education and Research”
(BMBF) under grant numbers 13XP0434A (FestBatt 2—Oxid) and 13XP0428A (FestBatt2—Hybride)
Osasunaren Giza-Determinatzaileak Historia Kliniko Digitaletik Erauzteko: Adimen Artifizialaren Aplikazioak. Berrikuspen Esploratzailea
Full text linkSarrera: Osasunaren Giza-Determinatzaileek (OGD) osasunean duten eragin
kritikoa gero eta ezagunagoa da. Informazio baliotsu hau sarritan osasun erregistro
elektronikoetan ezkutatuta geratzen da, eskuzko berrikuspenerako eskuragaitz
bihurtuz eskala handian. Hizkuntza Naturalaren Prozesamendua (HNP) tresna
itxaropentsu gisa agertu da azken urteetan erronka honi aurre egiteko.
Helburua: HNP ereduen inplementazioaren inguruan eskuragarri dagoen
literatura esploratzea, kontzeptu nagusiak eta ikertzear dauden hutsuneak
identifikatuz, zehazki osasun erregistro elektronikoetan jasotako OGDei buruzko
informazioa erauzteko.
Metodologia: Esplorazio berrikuspen bat eraman da aurrera gai honi buruz dagoen
literatura zientifikoaren mapaketa burutzeko. Bilaketa-estrategia zehatza
diseinatu eta hainbat datu-base zientifikotan (PubMed, Scopus) aplikatu da, aldez
aurretik definitutako hautagarritasun-irizpideetan oinarrituta.
Emaitzak: Dahlgren eta Whitehead-en markoari jarraituz, osasun-determinatzaile
sozialak lau geruzatan aztertu ziren: (1) banakako bizimodu faktoreak; (2) sare
sozial eta komunitarioak; (3) bizi eta lan-baldintzak eta (4) baldintza
sozioekonomiko, kultural eta ingurumenekoak. OGDek eragin zuzena zuten
gaixotasun kroniko batzuetan (depresioa, HIES-a, diabetesa, asma). Erronken
artean lexikoaren eta OGDak bahetzeko tresnen aldagarritasuna izan ziren
nagusiak, eta erizainen rola eta inplikazioak aztergai izan ziren arren, autoreek ez
zituzten eztabaidatu.
Ondorioak: HNP ereduak osasun erregistro elektronikoetatik OGD espezifikoak
(etxebizitza, sare soziala, etab.) erauzteko aplikatu daitekela baieztatzen da. Tresna
hauek erizainei pazientearen testuinguru soziala hobeto ulertzen eta arreta
pertsonalizatuagoa diseinatzen lagundu diezaiokete. Erronkak badaude ere, HNPk
potentzial handia du informazio hau erauzteko
Polymer-based nanocarriers to transport therapeutic biomacromolecules across the blood-brain barrier
Full text linkTherapeutic biomacromolecules such as genetic material, antibodies, growth factors and enzymes represent a novel therapeutic alternative for neurological diseases and disorders. In comparison to traditional therapeutics, which are mainly based on small molecular weight drugs that address the symptoms of these disorders, therapeutic biomacromolecules can reduce undesired side effects and target specific pathological pathways, thus paving the way towards personalized medicine. However, these biomacromolecules undergo degradation/denaturation processes in the physiological environment and show poor capacity to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Consequently, they rarely reach the central nervous system (CNS) in their active form. Herein, we critically overview several polymeric nanocarriers that can protect and deliver therapeutic biomacromolecules across the BBB. Polymeric nanocarriers are first categorized based on their architecture (biodegradable solid nanoparticles, nanogels, dendrimers, self-assembled nanoparticles) that ultimately determines their physico-chemical properties and function. The available polymeric formulations are then thoroughly analyzed, placing particular attention on those strategies that ensure the stability of the biomacromolecules during their encapsulation process and promote their passage across the BBB by controlling their physical (e.g., mechanical properties, size, surface charge) and chemical (e.g., surface functional groups, targeting motifs) properties. Accordingly, this review gives a unique perspective on polymeric nanocarriers for the delivery of therapeutic biomacromolecules across the BBB, representing a concise, complete and easy-to-follow guide, which will be of high interest for chemists, material scientists, pharmacologists, and biologists. Besides, it also provides a critical perspective about the limited clinical translation of these systems.We acknowledge the financial support of “Innovative Tools to Treat and Model Complex Cancer Environments” project, TheraTools (Ref. 101073404. HORIZON-MSCA-2021-DN-01 call). MC received funding of Basque Government (projects 2023333010, 2023333023, PIBA2023-1-0043), the University of the Basque Country (projects COLLAB22/05 and GIU21/033), IKERBASQUE-Basque Foundation for Science, the Ministry of Science and Innovation of the Government of Spain (grant PID2022-142739OB-I00 funded by MICIU/AEI/ 10.13039/501100011033 and by FEDER, UE; 'María de Maeztu' Programme for Center of Excellence in R&D, grant CEX2023-001303-M funded by MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033). AB acknowledges the Spanish Research Agency (PID2022-142128NB-I00 and CNS2023-145416 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/ and by the "European Union NextGenerationEU/PRTR"; RYC2018-025923-I from RyC program - MCIN/AEI /10.13039/501100011033 and FSE "invierte en tu futuro"; “María de Maeztu” Programme for Center of Excellence in R&D, grant CEX2023-001303-M funded by MICIU/AEI/ 10.13039/501100011033), and IKERBASQUE-Basque Foundation for Science. AS thanks the support of the Tamara and Harry Handelsman Academic Chair. AL and JMU are thankful for funds from the Basque Government, Department of Education (IT1766-22). SMS was supported by the IKUR Strategy of the Basque Country. ERB was supported by «Investigo Programme» of the Recovery, Transformation and Resilience Plan, funded by the European Union-NextGeneration EU, with reference 2022/IKER/000006
Territorialización del derecho a la ciudad desde una perspectiva ecofeminista: propuesta metodológica
Full text linkEste artículo se enmarca en una investigación doctoral donde se establece una propuesta conceptual, que redefine el concepto lefebvriano de derecho a la ciudad desde una perspectiva ecofeminista, para crear colectivamente ciudades, que prioricen la diversidad de las personas y el mantenimiento de la vida.
Partiendo de ese marco teórico, se elabora una herramienta metodológica que permite territorializar este derecho, y diagnosticar si la ciudadanía puede ejercerlo en el socioecosistema urbano cotidiano. Para comprobar la utilidad de la metodología propuesta, se implementa en un estudio de caso que incluye, por un lado, un análisis técnico de la Red Verde y la Red Morada, relacionadas con los cuidados ecosistémicos y cotidianos, respectivamente, y, por otro lado, un análisis participativo realizado junto con la población vinculada al área de estudio.
En las siguientes líneas, nos focalizamos en la metodología empleada en el estudio de caso para el análisis técnico de la Red Verde y la Red Morada
Journalists’ Perceptions of Artificial Intelligence and Disinformation Risks
Full text linkThis study examines journalists’ perceptions of the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on disinformation, a growing concern in journalism due to the rapid expansion of generative AI and its influence on news production and media organizations. Using a quantitative approach, a structured survey was administered to 504 journalists in the Basque Country, identified through official media directories and with the support of the Basque Association of Journalists. This survey, conducted online and via telephone between May and June 2024, included questions on sociodemographic and professional variables, as well as attitudes toward AI’s impact on journalism. The results indicate that a large majority of journalists (89.88%) believe AI will considerably or significantly increase the risks of disinformation, and this perception is consistent across genders and media types, but more pronounced among those with greater professional experience. Statistical analyses reveal a significant association between years of experience and perceived risk, and between AI use and risk perception. The main risks identified are the difficulty in detecting false content and deepfakes, and the risk of obtaining inaccurate or erroneous data. Co-occurrence analysis shows that these risks are often perceived as interconnected. These findings highlight the complex and multifaceted concerns of journalists regarding AI’s role in the information ecosystem.This article is part of the research project “Impact of artificial intelligence and algorithms on online media, journalists and audiences” (PID2022-138391OB-I00) funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities and by the European Commission NextGeneration EU/PRTR. The authors belong to the Basque University’s Consolidated Research Group System “Gureiker” (IT-1496-22
Influence of patient gender on in-hospital mortality: A population-based cross-sectional study
Full text linkAim
To analyse the association between gender and in-hospital mortality odds ratios among patients in the Basque Country.
Design
Cross-sectional study.
Methods
Admission data pertaining to the period between 1 January 2016 and 31 December 2018 were gathered for all registered acute care hospitals (both public and private) in the Basque Country. Odds ratios were calculated through binomial logistic regressions to determine the association between gender and mortality in each diagnostic category of the ICD-10.
Results
Women had a higher in-hospital mortality odds ratio for diseases of the circulatory system (OR 1.07 [1.01–1.14], p < 0.05). In contrast, men were at greater risk of in-hospital death from neoplasms (OR 0.86 [0.83–0.94], p < 0.05), diseases of the nervous system (OR 0.83 [0.70–0.97], p < 0.05), diseases of the genitourinary system (OR 0.83 [0.71–0.96], p < 0.05), endocrine diseases (OR 0.67 [0.54–0.84], p < 0.05), injury, poisoning and other consequences of external causes (OR 0.60 [0.54–0.67], p < 0.05) and diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue (OR 0.69 [0.50–0.93], p < 0.05).
Patient or Public Contribution
No patient or public contributions
The Statistical Reader: The Role of Orthographic Regularities in Reading
Full text linkAvailable online 14 April 2025Recent statistical learning views of reading posit that writing systems present to their readers a wide range of statistical regularities which are leveraged to process printed texts. While substantial research has focused on the “vertical” correlations between orthographic, phonological, and semantic units in a given writing system, here we employ information-theoretic measures to further consider “horizontal” regularities—the extent to which printed units predict and are predicted by other printed units, in one writing system compared to another. As a first step, we present a novel information-theoretic measure that captures how horizontal regularities constrain lexical access given the distribution of orthographic information in a writing system and considering realistic retinal and cognitive constraints. We then present a series of empirical studies serving as proof of concept, from both single-word reading experiments and analyses of eye movements during naturalistic reading, which examine how a reader who has internalized these regularities could leverage them for efficient uncertainty reduction regarding printed information while reading on-the-fly. Our findings converge on high-order general principles fleshed out in terms of explicit computational mechanisms that simultaneously apply to a wide range of writing systems and that can potentially explain behavioral outcomes across the trajectory of reading development and reading skill. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved)This article was supported by the following grants: The Israel Science Foundation, Grant 705/20 awarded to Ram Frost; the Israel Science Foundation, Grant 1034/23 awarded to Noam Siegelman; an Azrieli Foundation, Early Career Faculty Fellowship awarded to NoamSiegelman; and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Grant DG 502584 awarded to Blair C. Armstrong. This research was also funded in part by the European Commission (Grant 692502-L2STAT) awarded to Ram Frost. For the purpose of open access, the author has applied a CC BY public copyright license to any Author Accepted Manuscript version arising from this submission
Síntesis de catalizadores heterogéneos para la producción de biomonomeros, tipo dioles, a partir de la hidrogenación de HMF
No full textEste Trabajo Fin de Master se centra en el estudio de la producción de dioles, precursores de polímeros, a partir de la hidrogenación catalítico de 5-hidroximetilfurfural (HMF) en reactores discontinuoa. El HMF es una molécula plataforma producida a partir de la deshidratación de glucosay/o fructosa (monómeros derivados del componente celulosa
de la biomasa lignocelúlosica). Los dioles objeto del trabajo son el 1,6-hexanodiol (1,6-HD) y 2,5-bishidroximetilfurano (BHMF). Para alcanzar este objetivo se han empleado catalizadores disponibles en los laboratorios del Departamento de Ingeniería Química y del Medio Ambiente, además de catalizadores preparados. Concretamente se han empleado y preparado catalizadores de cobre soportado sobre g-Al2O3 e hidrotalcitas calcinadas con cobre, g-Al2O3 y MgO.
Los catalizadores disponibles en el laboratorio se han empleado, principalmente, en ensayos preliminares con el fin de fijar las condiciones de reacción óptimas.
Posteriormente se han preparado catalizadores y se han ensayado a diferentes tiempos y presiones de H2, llegando a obtener rendimientos en torno a un 59 % a 1,6-HD con 20 bar de presión de H2 y 24h de reacción con el catalizador soportado y rendimientos cercanos a un 80 % a BHMF con las hidrotalcitas calcinadas a 50 bar de presión y 4 horas de reacción.
Además, se han caracterizado los catalizadores mediante diferentes técnicas de caracterízación, para poder estudiar sus propiedades estructurales y fisicoquímicas y poder correlacionar los datos obtenidos de los ensayos con dichas propiedades, concluyendo con que aunque los métodos de síntesis para las hidrotalcitas calcinadas hayan diferido algo, sus rendimientos a productos son similares debido a sus similitudes estructurales cuando se reducen en horno con H2
Optimizacion de sensores de bajo coste para la monitorización de la calidad del aire: calibracion remota y análisis predictivo.
Full text linkLa monitorización de la calidad del aire es esencial para detectar riesgos ambientales y proteger la salud pública facilitando una gestión ambiental informada, especialmente en entornos urbanos e industriales. Este trabajo se centra en la optimización de la medida de sensores de bajo coste (LCS) para la medición de material particulado (PM10 y PM2.5), con énfasis en la calibración remota y el análisis predictivo mediante algoritmos de aprendizaje automático. El estudio se llevó a cabo en dos entornos reales como lo son el Puerto de Bilbao y la localidad de Berango, donde los LCS fueron co-localizados con equipos de referencia y se utilizaron modelos de aprendizaje automático para corregir y validar las mediciones de los contaminantes.
La metodología aplicada incluyó la recolección de datos, su pretratamiento y la evaluación del desempeño de los LCS con métricas estadísticas: error cuadrático medio (RMSE), el sesgo medio y los coeficientes de correlación (R y R2). Para mejorar la fiabilidad de las mediciones se integraron datos meteorológicos como la temperatura, la humedad relativa y la velocidad del viento en los modelos de calibración para corregir desviaciones relacionadas con las condiciones meteorológicas. Los resultados mostraron mejoras significativas en la precisión de los LCS tras aplicar las calibraciones propuestas reduciendo la dispersión de los datos respecto a los equipos de referencia, reforzando así su aplicabilidad para redes de monitorización de calidad del aire siempre que se combinen con estrategias de mantenimiento y recalibración periódica, especialmente en usos prolongados.
Este trabajo aporta una propuesta metodológica replicable para la calibración remota de los LCS, que facilita la expansión de redes de monitorización de bajo coste promoviendo el uso de tecnologías accesibles y contribuyendo a mejorar la cobertura, la resolución espacial y toma de decisiones en las políticas ambientales