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ChatGPT irakurketa errazeko testuak egokitzeko baliagarria eta fidagarria? Lectura fácil-eko zenbait testuren azterketa: Lectura fácil-eko zenbait testuren azterketa
No full textEasy-to-Read (E2R) aims to generate more accessible texts and content for readers with cognitive problems or learning difficulties, using simple and clear language. The process of adapting and creating E2R texts is very expensive and time-consuming. Due to the success of Large Language Models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT and their ability to generate written language, it is likely to think that such models can help in the adaptation or creation of text in E2R. In this paper, we explore the concept of E2R, its underlying principles and applications, and provides a preliminary study on the usefulness of ChatGPT-4 for E2R text adaptation. We focus on the Spanish language and its E2R variant, Lectura Fácil (LF). We consider a range of prompts that can be used and the differences in output that this produces. We then carry out a three-folded evaluation on 10 texts adapted by ChatGPT-4: (1) an automated evaluation to check values related to the readability of texts, (2) a checklist-based manual evaluation (for which we also propose three new capabilities) and (3) a users' evaluation with people with cognitive disabilities. We show that it is difficult to choose the best prompt to make ChatGPT-4 adapt texts to LF. Furthermore, the generated output does not follow the E2R text rules, so it is often not suitable for the target audience.; Irakurketa errazaren helburua da arazo kognitiboak edo ikasteko zailtasunak dituzten irakurleentzat testu eta eduki irisgarriagoak sortzea, eta, horretarako, hizkuntza sinplea eta argia erabiltzen da. Testuak irakurketa errazera egokitzea prozesu garestia da, bai denbora aldetik baita ekonomia aldetik ere. Prozesu hori azkartzen ChatGPT bezalako tresnek lagun dezakete. Lan honetan, irakurketa erraza zer den azaltzeaz gain, ChatGPT-4k irakurketa errazera egokitzapena nola egiten duen aztertu dugu. Zehazki, gaztelaniazko lectura fácileko testuak izan ditugu aztergai eta hiru ebaluazio egin ditugu: i) neurri linguistiko automatikoetan oinarritutakoa; ii) testuen sinplifikazioko capabilityetan oinarritutakoa; eta iii) helburu talde diren erabiltzaileekin egindakoa. Gure emaitzen arabera, oso zaila da testuak ChatGPT-4ri egokiaraziko dion prompt egoki bat aukeratzea, sortu dituen testuak ez dituzte irakurketa errazeko gidalerroak jarraitzen eta, askotan, ChatGPT-4k sortutako testua ez da egokia helburu taldearentzat
Synthesis of naturally inspired redox polymers for next- generation batteries
No full text216 p.Esta tesis doctoral presenta la síntesis de nuevas moléculas redox de origen biológico en particular polímeros, como materiales de electrodos orgánicos para aplicaciones de almacenamiento de energía de próxima generación. Con este objetivo, se seleccionaron precursores derivados de biomasa para la obtención de materiales de electrodos para baterías, empleando métodos de síntesis orgánica y polimérica. En función de los grupos funcionales presentes, estos materiales fueron evaluados en diferentes diseños y quimicas de bacteria
Climate action through a feminist lens: The role of gender inequality awareness, nature empathy, and climate change concern
No full textThis study examines how feminist identity (i.e., self-identification as a feminist) relates to climate action. Drawing on theories on consumer, business, and feminist ethics, environmental psychology, and identity-based behavior, we propose a theoretical model in which the effect of feminist identity on climate action is mediated by awareness of the gendered impacts of climate change, concern about climate change, and empathy with nature. An online survey of a representative US sample (N = 840) confirmed the proposed model and showed that the indirect effect of feminist identity on climate action, mediated by climaterelated gender inequality awareness, was strengthened by media exposure to climate change news. Results validated for the specific case of climate action that the traits associated with a feminist identity (i.e., empathy, care, collaboration, and a commitment to equity) can be leveraged to motivate individuals towards sustainable practices based on ethical principles. Findings contribute to business ethics theory by showing how identity-based ethical orientations shape sustainability engagement and have significant implications for ethical business practices because they disentangle the interplay between feminist identity and individuals’ pro-environmental behavior and imply that integrating feminist values into organizational practices can address climate change in socially inclusive and morally grounded ways
Detection of mobile genetic elements conferring resistance to heavy metals in Salmonella 4,[5],12:i:- and Salmonella Typhimurium serovars and their association with antibiotic resistance
No full textSalmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium variant 4,[5],12:i:- (referred to as S. 4,[5],12:i:-) has emerged rapidly as the predominant Salmonella serovar in pigs, often associated with the acquisition of antibiotic resistance (ABR) and heavy metal resistance (HMR) genes. Our study analysed 78 strains of S. 4,[5],12:i:- (n = 57) and S. Typhimurium (n = 21), collected from 1999 to 2021, to investigate the evolution of mobile genetic elements (MGEs) containing HMR and ABR genes. Five MGEs harbouring HMR genes were identified: pUO-STVR2, pSTM45, pUO-STmRV1, SGI-4 and MREL. Among the strains, 91.23 % (52/57) of S. 4,[5],12:i:- carried at least one of these elements, compared to only 14.29 % (3/21) of S. Typhimurium. Since 2008, S. 4,[5],12:i:- have shifted from predominantly carrying pUO-STmRV1 to the emergence of SGI-4 and MREL, reducing ABR genes, reflecting the European Union ban on the use of antibiotics as feed additives. Increased resistance to copper and silver in S. 4,[5],12:i:-, conferred by SGI-4 and MREL, reflected that their acquisition was linked to the ongoing use of heavy metals in food-animal production. However, strains carrying SGI-4 and MREL still exhibit multidrug resistance, emphasising the need for targeted interventions to mitigate multidrug-resistant Salmonella spread in veterinary and public health settings.This work was financially supported by the Basque Government (grant number PA20/03) and the University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) (grant number GIU21/021). A. Arrieta-Gisasola is recipient of a Ph.D. fellowship from the University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) (PIF 19/290)
Etorkizuneko Ikasgela eta STEAM Ikas-egoera baten diseinuan oinarritutako hezkuntza berrikuntzaren proposamena
No full text[EU] Hezkuntza-sistema gizartearen beharrei erantzuteko prest egon behar da, eta beraz, erronka berriei erantzuteko prest. Hala, behar edo erronka horiei aurre egiteko espazioa kontuan hartu behar den alderdia dela justifikatu da, zeinetan Etorkizuneko Ikasgelak oinarri diren. Hori horrela, espazioaren, teknologiaren eta pedagogiaren garrantzia aztertu da, eta baita indarrean dagoen legea ere; izan ere, ikaskuntza esanguratsua izan dadin, testuingurura egokitzea ezinbestekoa da. Ondorioz, Etorkizuneko Ikasgela baten diseinua proposatzen da lan honetan eta baita STEAMen oinarritutako ikas-egoera baten diseinua ere, zeinetan Garapen Iraunkorreko Helburu batzuk barne hartzen diren. Aipatutakoa kontuan hartuta, ikaskuntza aberasgarria eta esanguratsua izan dadin, argi izan behar da etengabeko hausnarketa eta egokitzapena direla hezkuntza berritzaile eta eraginkor baten ezaugarri nagusiak.[ES] El sistema educativo debe estar preparado para responder a las necesidades de la sociedad y, por tanto, a los nuevos retos. Así, se ha justificado que el espacio es un aspecto a tener en cuenta para afrontar estas necesidades o retos, en los que se basan las Aulas del Futuro. De ese modo, se ha analizado la importancia del espacio, la tecnología y la pedagogía, así como la ley vigente, ya que para que el aprendizaje sea significativo, la adaptación al contexto es imprescindible. En consecuencia, en este trabajo se propone el diseño de un Aula de Futuro y de una situación de aprendizaje basada en STEAM, en la que se incluyen algunos Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible. Teniendo en cuenta lo anterior, para que el aprendizaje sea enriquecedor y significativo, hay que tener claro que una educación innovadora y eficaz se caracteriza por la reflexión y la adaptación continua.[EN] The education system must be prepared to respond to the needs of society and, therefore, to new challenges. Thus, it has been justified that space is an aspect to be taken into account in order to face these needs or challenges, on which the Future Classrooms are based. In this way, the importance of space, technology and pedagogy has been analysed, as well as the current law, since for learning to be meaningful, adaptation to the context is essential. Consequently, this work proposes the design of a Future Classroom and a learning situation based on STEAM, in which some Sustainable Development Goals are included. Taking into account the above, in order for learning to be enriching and meaningful, it must be clear that innovative and effective education is characterised by reflection and continuous adaptation
¿Lugares de memoria profesionales o políticos? Las representaciones del Doctor Robert (1902-C. 2020)
No full textThe aim of this study on the representations of Bartolomé Robert after his death is to ponder the hierarchization of the social identities remembered. Starting from sociocultural historiography, the focus is placed, on the one hand, on the agents and contexts in which the memorial initiatives were promoted; on the other hand, on the correlative gradation of the evocation of the political and professional dimensions. Places of memory of different nature -obituaries and biographical sessions, christening of public roads, erection of monuments and making of portraits- evolved throughout the course of the twentieth century. It is concluded that the previous socio-professional prestige was key to their political action, but the central axis of the memorial artifacts was the Catalanist narrative. The (socio)political ups and downs were accompanied by resignifications and updates of the narratives; such actions are synchronous to the creation, storage and/or relocation of the concomitant places of memory.; El objetivo del presente estudio sobre las representaciones de Bartolomé Robert ulteriores a su defunción radica en ponderar la jerarquización de las identidades sociales rememoradas. Partiendo de la historiografía sociocultural, se pone el foco, por un lado, en los agentes y los contextos en que se promovieron las iniciativas memoriales; por otro lado, en la correlativa gradación de la evocación de las dimensiones política y profesional. Los lugares de memoria de distinta naturaleza -sesiones necrológicas y biográficas, bautizo de vías públicas, erección de monumentos y confección de retratos- evolucionaron a lo largo del siglo xx. Se concluye que el prestigio socio-profesional previo resultó clave para su actuación política, pero el eje central de los artefactos memoriales fue la narrativa catalanista. Los vaivenes (socio)políticos fueron acompañados de resignificaciones y actualizaciones de los relatos; dichas acciones resultan sincrónicas a la creación, almacenamiento y/o recolocación de los concomitantes lugares de memoria
Effects of a home-based exercise program on mental health for caregivers of relatives with dementia: a randomized controlled trial
No full textObjective: This study was aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a home-based physical exercise program on participants’ mental health: psychological symptoms, depression, and burden of female informal caregivers.
Design and participants: In a randomized controlled trial, a sample of 48 female informal primary caregivers
completed the entire study, 25 were randomly allocated to the intervention group (IG), and 23 participants to
the control group (CG).
Intervention: Participants in the IG performed two 60-minute-long physical exercise sessions per week
(36 weeks) that were supervised by a personal trainer at caregivers’ home during 9 months. The CG continued their habitual leisure-time activities.
Measurements: Subjective burden was assessed by the Zarit Burden Interview. The risk of depression was
measured by the Geriatric Depression Scale Short Form 15-item version, and psychological symptoms were
evaluated by the Symptom Check List-90-Revised (SCL-90-R). All participants were evaluated at baseline and at the end of the intervention.
Results: A promising positive impact of the intervention on caregivers’ subjective burden and risk of depression was found in the IG. In addition, no significant between-group differences were found in any of nine subscales scores of the SCL-90-R. Finally, care recipients’ level of functional independence and area of residence were found to be predictors of the promising positive impact on caregivers’ subjective burden and risk of depression.
Conclusions: The present home-based physical exercise intervention that was individually implemented has
shown promising results to reduce subjective burden and risk of depression in female caregivers of relatives with dementia. However, future research efforts should elucidate both the particular dose of physical exercise and the particular duration of the intervention that are required to obtain the expected significant positive impact. Finally, future inclusion of psychological approaches, besides physical exercise, might help reduce female caregivers’ psychological symptoms
Abrir la puerta del armario estadístico
No full textNumbers are becoming increasingly important in social and political life. What is truly remarkable, however, is the existence of social issues that defy quantification altogether. Often, when they manage to escape statistical obscurity, they are reduced to categories that simplify reality. In contrast, the approach adopted by the Argentinean judicial system in tackling transfemicides and transvesticides exemplifies the effort to make issues visible through an analysis that recognizes their complexity. Based on the contributions of the sociology of quantification, we ask ourselves how the Argentinean justice system accounts for the violent deaths of trans and transvestite women due to gender reasons. The aim of the article is to analyze some significant aspects of the production of these numbers. As a result, we demystify the apparent objectivity of the resulting figures and highlight the underlying tensions in the measurement process.; Los números adquieren cada vez más importancia en la vida social y política. Sin embargo, lo verdaderamente notable es la existencia de cuestiones sociales que desafían por completo la cuantificación. A menudo, cuando logran escapar de la oscuridad estadística, son reducidos a categorías que simplifican la realidad. En contraposición, el enfoque adoptado por el sistema judicial argentino en el abordaje de los transfemicidios y travesticidios ejemplifica el esfuerzo por visibilizar problemáticas a través de un análisis que reconoce su complejidad. Basándonos en las contribuciones de la sociología de la cuantificación, nos preguntamos de qué manera la administración de la justicia argentina contabiliza las muertes violentas de mujeres trans y travestis por razones de género. El objetivo del artículo es analizar algunos aspectos significativos de la producción de estos números. Como resultado, desmitificamos la objetividad aparente de las cifras resultantes y ponemos de relieve las tensiones subyacentes en el proceso de medició
Escribir es transformarse. Actitudes, tecnologías del yo y propósitos ascéticos
No full text448 p.La tesis doctoral Escribir es transformarse. Actitudes, tecnologías del yo y propósitos ascéticos, parte de la búsqueda de un lugar propio, frente al desencuentro, incomodidad o falta de identificación que la autoría mantiene con el sistema del arte. A partir de ahí, plantea una serie de proposiciones, posicionamientos, estudios e intereses que, de hecho, constituyen el lugar donde se origina un estudio y reflexión sobre ciertas formas de escritura desde el marco singular que ofrece el contexto académico en el arte contemporáneo donde se inscribe. Primero, desde una propuesta de la práctica artística como actitud, con lo que se desarrolla una reflexión sobre formas de arte «sin obra», como actitudes o como una «práctica incesante» propia de la experiencia monacal. Segundo, con la búsqueda de procesos y formas de escritura, como las confesionales, a las que se les ha otorgado un efecto transformador para quienes las ejercen. Conforme a ello, se ha avanzado también, hacia la investigación de prácticas activas sobre el yo que abarca géneros contemporáneos como la autobiografía o el ensayo. Por último, este estudio ha incluido algunos aspectos de la personalidad de quién la ha escrito. En general, puede decirse que la metodología desde la que se ha acometido esta investigación es subjetiva e interesada, lo que obliga a identificar en su centro una característica relación entre la escritura y la búsqueda
From Uncertainty to Performance Optimization: Longitudinal Insights Into Metacognitive Development
No full textPublished on 19th August, 2025.This longitudinal study investigates metacognitive development in children aged four to six (N = 148; 74 girls; 106 White, 21 multiracial, 17 Black, 3 Asian, 1 Latino; collected in 2017–2019) compared to adults (N = 26, 13 women; collected in 2022). We assessed metacognitive monitoring and control using experimenter-elicited and self-generated responses in decision-making tasks. Children demonstrated reliable task monitoring by age five and performance monitoring by age six, only on self-generated measures. Children's choice patterns were driven by uncertainty until age six, when performance-optimizing patterns emerged. Cross-lagged panel analysis showed early monitoring abilities predicted later control, supporting the monitoring-drives-control theory. These findings illuminate the early metacognitive development trajectory, notably the transition from uncertainty-based to performance-oriented decision-making.This work was supported by National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, R01HD078545; Agencia Estatal de Investigación; H2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions; National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, R01HD111458