Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike (MOUAU) Journal
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Studies on Bacterial Leaf Spot Disease of Yam (Dioscorea Spp) Induced by (Xanthomonas campestris) Using Some Plant Extracts in Umudike, South Eastern Nigeria
Get PDFA survey, field experiment and screen house trial were carried out to assess the incidence and severity of bacterial leaf spot caused by Xanthomonas campestris on three yam species (Dioscoreaalata, Dioscorearotundata and Dioscoreadumentorum) in Umudike. Bacterial leaf spot disease of yam was surveyed in the field during the 2016 cropping season at National Root Crops and Research Institutes farm Umudike. Based on varietal performance. D. alata (1166) variety recorded (4.58,5.67, 7.33, 8.08, 9.75 and 37.50%, 41.67%, 50.00%, 54.17%, 62.50%) for disease severity and incidence respectively, D. rotundata (Nwa) variety recorded (1.50, 2.75, 2.75, 3.58, 8.83 and 16.67%, 33.33%, 54.17%,66.67%,75.00%) for disease severity and incidence respectively and D. dumentorum (Ekpe) variety recorded (1.58, 2.58,3.17, 4.58, 9.00 and20.83%, 37.50%, 29.10%, 79.17%, 87.50%) for disease severity and incidence respectively. These three varieties (1166 for D. alata, Nwa for D. rotundata, and Ekpe for D. dumentorum) were all observed to be more susceptible than other yam varieties and the disease incidence and severity increased with amount of rainfall. Infectedleaves were taken to the plant pathology laboratory for isolation and identification of X. campestris after pathogenicity test in the screen house. Both field and screen house trials showed the potential of water leaf extracts of Azadirachtaindica, Eucalyptus officinalis, Cymbopogon citratus, Ocimum gratissimum in controlling the bacterial leaf spot. Results obtained showed that all the plant extractsassessed reduced the disease incidence and severity when compared with the control (sterile water). A. indica recorded the best performance in growth and yield attributes (5.47kg) followed by C. citratus (4.34kg). Indicating that extracts of Azadirachtaindica, Eucalyptus officinalis, Cymbopogon citratus, Ocimum gratissimum could offer a safe alternative in management of leaf spot disease in Umudike caused by X. campestris
Table of Content JSAE VOLUME 17 (1)
No full textJOURNAL OF
SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE AND THE ENVIRONMEN
Control of Leaf Spot Disease of Telfairia occidentalis Hook f. (Fluted Pumpkin) Using Some Agricultural Effluents in Umudike, Nigeria
Get PDFA field trial was conducted in 2017 cropping season at Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike to test the impact of some agricultural effluent on the control of leaf spot disease of fluted pumpkin. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) and replicated three times. The effluents from rice, cassava, maize, oil palm and a control (sterile water)were applied at 20ml/plant two weeks after germination at plant base and data collected until after 14weeks of planting. The parameters assessed were disease incidence, disease severity, growth and yield parameters. Samples of diseased leaves were taken from field to the laboratory for pathogenicity test, isolation, identification and characterization of the pathogen. Fisher’s Least Significant Difference (FLSD) was used to separate the means at probability level of 5%. Results obtained from disease incidence and severity showed that rice effluent scored 31.25% and 1.75 respectively, while oil palm scored 32.50% for disease incidence and 1.59 severity which were significantly (P <0.05) better than other treatments in reducing incident and severity of leaf spot disease including the control (75% disease incidence and 4.83 severity). Generally all the effluents were observed to enhance growth in all the parameters assessed (vine length, number of leaves and number of branches and stem diameter) when compared with the non-treated plants (control). For instance, rice gave best vine length (247.33cm) followed by corn (199.59cm) and were statistically higher than the control (137.58cm). Pathogenicity test result showed that the organism was able to induce leaf spot on the seedlings and the organism from infected leaves was identified as Xanthomonas spp. This study demonstrated the efficacy and potential of some agricultural effluents in reduction of bacterial leaf spot of fluted pumpkin. These agricultural effluents can be used by farmers in order to minimize the risk of leaf spot incidence in the field since they are readily available and affordabl
Measurement and Analysis of Peak Noise Levels around Two Selected Generator Houses within Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, South East Nigeria
Get PDFPower supply from Enugu Distribution Company (EEDC) is not steady in Michael Okpara University of Agriculture (and in the nation at large). As such, the institution resorted to alternative means of power supply. Such means is by use of power generating sets. These power generating sets commonly known as ‘Generators’ generate a lot of noise as they operate. Michael Okpara University of Agriculture is located in Ikwuano local Government area of Abia State. Southeastern Nigeria; between latitude 5°29ˈN and longitude 7°32ˈE. In this study, effort was made to measure and analyze the noise output from these generators using a NOISH sound level meter. The instrument was mounted at a height of 1m above the ground in the two locations. The results show that the noise outputs from these generators were quite high and above the recommended levels by WHO
Histopathology of the Uterus and Ovary in Experimentally- Induced Lead Poisoning in Rabbit-Does
Get PDFMany previous studies have established the adverse effect of lead poisoning on many body systems including reproduction. The objective of the present study was to determine the reproductive implication of experimental lead poisoning in rabbit-doe with emphasis on histo-pathology of the ovary and uterus. Nine New Zealand adult rabbit does weighing between 1.5 ± 0.2 to 2.2 ± 0.2Kg were randomly selected into three groups of three animals each. The first group (control) received 2 ml of sterile water per os throughout the period of the study. The second lead group received 5 mg/Kg body weight of lead dissolved in water per as for a period of fourteen days. The third lead group received 10 mg/Kg lead for the same period. The blood samples were taken prior to commencement of lead administration and every 72 hours to the end of the treatment to determine haematological parameters that include packed cell volume (PCV) and haemoglobin concentration while clinical parameters were also measured. Ovaries and uteri were harvested for histo-morphological examination at the end of the study. No significant changes were observed in clinical parameters and haemoglobin concentration between treatment groups compared to the control whereas, anaemia was observed with the 10 mg/Kg lead group. Follicles in the control was healthy morphologically as against atretic follicles observe with lead treated group. Endometrium of the control group showed normal morphology while thinning of the endometrial epithelium was observed with lead treated groups especially the 10 mg/Kg lead group. The reproductive implication of lead treatment in rabbit-doe is possible sub-fertility due to reduced ova at ovulation and thinning of the endometrial epithelium sequel to which is loss of implantation competence of the endometrium. Further studies with more sample size are suggested to validate the results obtained in this study and several mechanisms proposed
Responses of Growth, Yield, and Disease Assessment Indices of Tannia [Xanthosoma Sagittifolium (L) Schott] to Plant Spacing and Manure Sources in Umudike
Get PDFA field study was conducted for three consecutive years to investigate the effect of plant spacing and manure sources on growth, yield and disease assessment indices of tannia [Xanthosoma sagittifolium (L) schott] at the Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria, Eastern Research Station, Umuahia. A piece of land measuring 11m x 20 m was cleared and prepared for beds of plot sizes of 4 m x 3 m with a space of 1.0 m and 0.50 m between and within plots, respectively. The experiment was laid out in a 3 x 3 factorial fitted into Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) in which Factor A comprised three organic manure sources (control, poultry and goat manures of 5 t ha-1 each while Factor B formed three planting spaces (1.0 m x 0.30 m, 1.0 m x 0.40 m and 1.0 m x 0.50 m) with 33333, 25000 and 20000 ha-1 plant densities, respectively. There was a total of nine treatment combinations with three replicates. Cormels of equal sizes were planted in June in each of the three years. The results showed that there were no significant main and interaction effects of plants spacing and manure sources on leaf area, leaf area index, dry matter production, harvest index and disease incidence of tannia
Economic Analysis of Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) Production in Akinyele Local Government Area of Oyo State, Nigeria
Get PDFThe study examined the economic analysis of Cassava production in Akinyele Local Government Area of Oyo State. Multistage random sampling technique was used to select a sample size of 180 respondents for the study. Data collected were analyzed with descriptive statistics such as frequency, percentages, and chats while inferential statistics used were budgetary techniques and regression analysis. The results showed that majority of the respondents (83.9%) were males, 75.6% of the farmers were married and 83.3% of the respondents were having family size of 4-9. Majority of the respondents (88.3%) had formal education, 80.5% of the respondents had farming experience of more than16 years. Costs and returns for cassava production were analyzed with budgetary techniques and the result revealed that for a hectare of cassava there was gross margin of ₦72,318.75 Kobo and the net profit of ₦64,575.00Kobo with a cost benefit ratio of ₦1.85Kobo implying that for every ₦1.00 invested in cassava production, there was corresponding profit of 85Kobo. Nevertheless, the result further showed there was no efficient allocation of variable inputs (resource) due to negative coefficients of these explanatory variables but there was significant relationship to the net profit of the cassava farmers in the study area. Therefore, there is need for cassava farmers to improve on their resource allocation to make their production robust and to boost their productivity. The study further recommended that the cassava farmers should be trained on latest innovative practices in cassava production and proper advisory services must be given to them by the subject matter specialists on resource allocation for optimal profitability in their production in Akinyele Local Government Area of Oyo State, Nigeria
Economic Analysis of Rice Production in Bende Local Government Area of Abia State, Nigeria
Get PDFThe study analyzed the economics of rice production in Bende Local Government area of Abia State, Nigeria. Specifically, the study addressed the following objectives: examine the socio economic characteristics of rice farmers, identify source of input to farmers, estimate cost and return of rice production, estimate determinants of rice production and identify problems that militates against rice production in the study area. The study used primary data source for the analysis. A multistage sampling techniques was used to sample for respondents. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistic, cost and return formulae and regression model. The result on socio-economics shows that the farmers were in their active stage with a mean age of 44 years, female farmers dominated rice farming, the farmers were literate with majority of the farmers attaining secondary education. On sources of input farmer association and personal sources were the major source of input for farmers in the study. On cost and return, the result shows that rice enterprise was viable. Among the factor that positively influenced rice production were farm size, chemical fertilizer, amount of credit and initial capital. Farmers identified pest and disease, and lack of access to credit as the major constrains to rice production in the study area. The study therefore recommends more farmers should join rice production since it is viable business and there is high demand for rice all over the country. More so, farmers should form cooperative society to increase their access to finances
Impact of the Control Measures of the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission on Public Sector Accountability in Nigeria
No full textThis paper reports research results on the impact of Economic and Financial Crimes Commission control measures on public sector accountability in Nigeria. It adopted the ex-post facto research design and covered the period 2008 to 2014. The number of convictions and money recoveries are used to represent the variables EFCC control measures and public sector accountability respectively. Regression model was used to analyze the secondary data and test the research hypotheses. The research evidence shows that the number of convictions used as EFCC control measure does not determine the amount recovered in a year. It was concluded that EFCC fund recovery is not a function of the number of convictions and hence the recommendation that EFCC should broaden the varieties of its control measures as a way of checking corruption and improving public sector accountability in Nigeria.  
Application of Mathematical Modeling in Comparative Analysis of Major Cooking Energy Sources in Umuahia
No full textA cost estimation model for predicting the cost associated with the use of different cooking energy sources was developed in this study and used for evaluating the major cooking energy sources in Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria. The model which was developed using mechanistic approach to ensure its universal application accounted for efficiency of cooking stove, its salvage worth, operating/maintenance costs as well as the monetary value of the associated emissions. The cooking energy sources evaluated include firewood, wood-wood dust mix, charcoal, kerosene, electricity and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG). Result revealed wood-wood dust fuel mix as the most cost-effective cooking energy source (₦5.62/MJ) followed by LPG (₦9.06/MJ). However, controlled deforestation and reduced wood dust from modern wood processing equipment/techniques limit the availability of wood dust. Although, application of wood-wood dust, firewood, charcoal and LPG go with zero subsidy index, LPG attracted the least annual emission control cost of ₦0.06per unit energy generated among the energy sources compared. Kerosene which is mostly used by residents in Umuahia attracts more charges to both the citizens (₦9.85/MJ) and government (₦7.73/MJ) compared to LPG with respective cost components of₦9.00/MJ and ₦0.06. Despite the large subsidy on grid electricity (₦2.63/MJ), it is not readily available in this region and cannot be relied on for cooking. Thus, government should focus on developing policies that will ensure the optimal application of gas for cooking in this municipal. The model developed is therefore recommended for evaluating cooking energy sources in other regions so as to ensure effective energy policy formulation