Journals of Forman Christian College
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Trade Liberalization, Manufacturing Value Addition, and Economic Growth: Empirical Evidence in Case of Pakistan: Mirajul Haq, Khalida Perveen and Baber Amin
Full text linkSoon after independence, the economy of Pakistan was regarded as a weedy manufacturing sector. The key drive of trade policies, therefore, keeps on improving and enhancing value addition and growth of manufacturing sector. To achieve this target, the government exercised trade liberalization measures in 1970s that gained momentum in mid 1990s when the country joined world trade organization. Switching to outer-oriented trade regime poses the question of “whether trade liberalization affects economic growth through its effect on manufacturing value addition”. This paper addresses the question by testing the hypothesis “trade liberalization affects economic growth through its effects on manufacturing value addition.” The hypothesis is tested empirically by using time series data spanning from 1972 to 2012. The empirical estimation has been carried out through ARDL bound testing approach and UECM estimation technique. The estimates indicate that trade liberalization enhances manufacturing value added and consequently economic growth through its effect on manufacturing value additio
Intergenerational Mobility in Occupational Status: Malik Muhammad and Muhammad Jamil
Full text linkPersistence in socio-economic status causes inequalities and misallocation of talent and skills. As a result, both fathers’ as well as sons’ generations experience backwardness and country experiences inequality, poverty and slow economic growth. We used the occupation as a proxy for socio-economic status and investigated intergenerational occupational mobility in Pakistan. We utilized data set of Pakistan Social and Living Standards Measurements (PSLM-2012-13) for our analysis. Results of transition matrices and multinomial logit show a strong persistence in occupational status. While persistence is stronger in the higher status occupations in urban regions, it is stronger in the lower status occupations in rural regions. Opportunities are not open equally for rich and poor. There are limited chances for the sons whose fathers are in lower status occupations to move to the higher status occupations as compared to those whose fathers are in high status occupations. Moreover, while sons of “Clerks” are more mobile towards higher status occupations in urban regions, they are more mobile towards the lower status occupations in the rural regions. Similarly, more downward mobility is observed for the sons of “Technicians and Associate Professionals” and “Professionals” towards the “Skilled Agricultural and Fishery Workers” in the rural regions. Increase in human capital, experience in the job market and income and wealth of a father are found to be important determinants of occupational status of a son
Renewable Energy Consumption, Internet Adoption and Inclusive Growth in East Asia: A Linear and Nonlinear Investigation
Full text linkTechnological transformations are profoundly impacting every aspect of human life. Like every sector of the economy, technological advancements are reshaping industrial zones and altering the climatic conditions for a few decades. Therefore, this study scrutinizes the effects of renewable energy consumption, Internet adoption and financial development on inclusive growth in East Asia from 1995 to 2019. The current study utilizes novel approaches of panel ARDL and NARDL to explore the individual and joint effects of renewable energy and Internet adoption for inclusive growth and to compare their results. Moreover, the study contributes to the existing literature by using the newest multidimensional inclusiveness index to measure inclusive growth. The findings reveal that cleaner energy use, Internet access and financial development are significant determinants of inclusive growth. The increase and decrease in the combination of renewable energy and Internet adoption significantly enhance and reduce inclusive growth. The study confirms the nonlinear association between the cleaner energy-internet-growth nexus. The study recommends huge investments and microfinancing in the cleaner energy and digital sectors to reduce exclusions in poverty, inequality, and digital divide and attain inclusive growth.
Brain Drain, Key Factors Determining Student’s Return Intention from Abroad: Evidence from Pakistan
Full text linkThis study explores the factors affecting the return intentions of Pakistani students presently studying abroad. Data is generated through an online survey, while logistic regression was employed to get the results, as return intention is a binary variable. Hence, it is found that many Pakistani students have intentions to return, but few of them have the desire to work in Pakistan. The most important reason for \u27students\u27 returns intention is homesickness while living abroad. The most cited reasons for not returning and working in Pakistan are violence, terrorism, unemployment, and economic and political instability. The government should take some serious measures to generate more employment opportunities and create better working conditions
A Correlational study of Personality Traits, Self-esteem and Desire for Fame in TikTok Makers.: Ayesha Batool and Muhammad Nasar Iqbal
Full text linkThis study was undertaken to (i) identify the relationship among personality traits, self-esteem and desire for fame and (ii) to explore the relationship of personality traits and self-esteem in prediction of desire for fame in TikTok makers. The sample was recruited through the snowball technique and consisted of 200 TikTok makers of Pakistan. The following internationally standardized scales were used: The Big Five Inventory, The Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale (1965) and The Desire for Fame Scale. A significant positive correlation was found between (1) openness, (2) extroversion, (3) agreeableness, (4) conscientiousness, (5) self-esteem and (6) desire for fame. Additionally, neuroticism correlated negatively with the six mentioned variables; and self-esteem significantly predicted desire for fame. Females scored higher in extroversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness and self-esteem; whereas males scored higher in neuroticism. Also, higher levels of self-esteem and desire for fame were found in those who had increased frequency of making TikTok videos and those who belonged to big cities. In conclusion, personality traits, self-esteem and desire for fame significantly correlate with each other in TikTok makers. Researchers, social media activists, students, psychologists, and counselors can benefit from the findings of study
World History Reordered
Full text linkReview of Ayşe Zarakol’s Before the West: The Rise and Fall of Eastern World Orders
Memory Study in The Danish Girl (2000) by David Ebershoff Through Voyant Text Mining Tools: A Digital Humanities (DH) Study: 1. Muhammad Awais 2. Adeel Khalid
Full text linkIn this digital era, the world has revolutionised its ways of extracting knowledge patterns based on diverse and large texts using a digital humanities (DH) approach and a range of digital text mining tools available to deconstruct and visualise literary texts. This paper attempts to explore the characters of the novel, ‘The Danish Girl’ by David Ebershoff, through the study of their individual or collective memories through Voyant, a text-mining digital tool for textual analysis. Analysis revealed knowledge patterns on memory in the text through the Voyant text mining tool, which recognizes repeating words and phrases and provides insights into the author\u27s language choices and how they relate to memory studies. It provided textual analysis and allowed data visualisation, collocations, and quantitative and qualitative analysis of the text. The study unveils the summary tool features of the overall corpus, cirrus, unique words, dense words, themes, and phrase tools using a digital humanities approach to text mining, underscoring the significance of digital tools in advancing our understanding of literature and memory
Visualizing Colour in The Unabridged Journals of Sylvia Plath: A Digital Humanist Perspective
No full textThe works of Sylvia Plath are typically predisposed to meticulous dissection, laying bare their emotive and confessional components. Naturally, these are embedded in vivid images and metaphors. The Unabridged Journals of Sylvia Plath fleshes out her innermost musings into a public space. Likewise, the torrent of colours is prevalent in these writings. This research attempts to undertake the study of the frequencies of colours in The Unabridged Journals of Sylvia Plath by deviating from the traditional textual analysis method and adopting a more distant reading method through Voyant Tools, pertinent to assess large data sets within the field of Digital Humanities. Colours constitute a giant portion of data in Plath’s journals. The frequencies of colours are visualized with regards to Plath’s pattern of behaviour and its manifestations through the journals. Colours are extensive networks of information, which augment Plath’s diary entries. This area would not only be examined expansively, but extracted data would be displayed in the shape of graphical representations to contribute to the macroanalysis of a text. Overall, this DH research adopts a visualizing method to not solve a literary conundrum, but to put forward new patterns of information
Trade Liberalization and Environmental Quality: Amanat Ali, Nigah Abbas, Faiz-ur-Rehman and Zain-ul-Abedin
No full textThis research is designed to empirically test and verify the presence of a relationship between trade liberalization and environmental quality in Pakistan and then, to suggest some policy recommendations on the basis of empirical evidences. In this study, an attempt is made to build linkages between trade and environment. The sustainable development is on the top-most agenda of all nations; therefore, the urgent need for developing economies is to modify their policies accordingly. This study’s results show that with the economic growth, environmental impacts may be lower. Trade expansion helps also to improve and import technologies to control pollution. Pakistan may follow liberal trade policies but it is necessary to maintain delicate balance between them and environment policies
Purchasing Power Parity and Black Market Exchange Rate Nexus: Ghulam Shabbir and Amjad Naveed
No full textThe main purpose of this study is to test the purchasing power parity for selected Asian countries using black market exchange rates. Though in previous studies the primary attention was given to the official exchange rate rather than the black market exchange rate, its importance cannot be ignored due to volume of transactions carried out in black market, which remained much larger than that in the official market. Therefore, an effort has been made to highlight the importance of black market exchange rates in testing the purchasing power parity (PPP) hypothesis. We used monthly data from ten selected Asian countries and the bound-testing approach to test the long run relationship between the black market exchange rate and relative prices. The study concluded that PPP hypothesis gets more support when the black market exchange rate and production price index are used instead of consumer price index. It appears that the official exchange rate is still managed, which is different than the actual market clearing exchange rate. In other words, the black market exchange rate is closer to market rates as compared to managed exchange rates