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The Impact of Covid-19 Pandemic on Mental Health and Lifestyle in the Population of Kaunas City
Get PDFBackground. Nationwide lockdowns, encompassing mass quarantine under stay-at-home ordinances, have already proven effective in controlling the COVID-19 outbreak. A prolonged homestay may also be associated with potential side effects, which may jeopardize people’s health. Some undesirable consequences of prolonged homestay can be physical inactivity, behavioral addiction disorders and social isolation (Henry, Bovo, & Sanchis-Gomar, 2020). The aim of the study is to analyse the impact of COVID-19 on mental health and lifestyle in the population of Kaunas city.
Methods of research. anonymous online survey, which included questions on demographics, eating habits, alcohol and tobacco consumption, physical activity (Global Physical Activity Questionnaire), sleep quality (Pittsburgh sleep quality index) and mental health (Patient Health Questionnaire – 9).
Results. the study involved 388 respondents from Kaunas city. Women accounted for 80,7 %, and men for 19,3 % of respondents. Average of sedentary behavior during the pandemic – 430, 93 ± 233,47 min., before the pandemic – 324, 42 ± 216,21 min. (p <0,05). Average of moderate-intensity physical activity (PA) before the pandemic 122,40 ± 148,98 min., and during the pandemic – 85,33 ± 98,08 min. (p<0,05). Average of vigorous-intensity PA during the pandemic – 21,20 ± 34,13 min, and before – 47,13 ± 104,08 (p<0,05). The consumption of fast food on daily basis before the pandemic – 0,8 %, during the pandemic – 1,5 % (p<0,05). Before the pandemic 15,7 % of respondents overate, during the pandemic – 30,2 % of respondents (p<0,05). Before the pandemic 1,8% of respondents consumed alcohol every day, during the pandemic – 3,4 % of respondents (p<0,05). Symptoms of depression: 7,26 ± 1,46 points before the pandemic and 10,40 ± 2,20 points during the pandemic (p<0,05). Quality of sleep: 5,73 ± 2,20 points before the pandemic and 6,44 ± 2,99 during the pandemic (p<0,05).
Conclusion. Sedentary behavior increased, while moderate-intensity and vigorous-intensity PA decreased (p<0,05) during the pandemic. The consumption of fruit and fast food increased during the pandemic (p<0,05) as well as the daily consumption of alcohol (p<0,05). The symptoms of depression were evaluated as mild (5–9 points) before the pandemic, and as moderate (10-14 points) during the pandemic (p<0,05). The quality of sleep was evaluated as worse during the pandemic than before the pandemic (p<0,05).
Keywords: COVID-19, lifestyle, mental health, population of Kaunas city.
High Prevalence of the ACSL (rs6552828) AA Genotype among Elite Soccer Players
Get PDFBackground: The ACSL A/G single nucleotide polymorphism is associated with endurance trainability. It was previously demonstrated that AA carriers had a reduced maximal oxygen consumption (VO2 max) in response to training compared to GG carriers, and that this polymorphism explained 6.1% of the variance in the VO2 max response to training. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of the ACSL A/G polymorphism among soccer players.
Methods: One hundred and sixty-seven male athletes (60 soccer players, 48 sprinters and jumpers, 59 long distance runners) and 60 non-athletic controls participated in the study. Genomic DNA was extracted from buccal epithelial cells using standard protocol for ACSL genotyping.
Results: The prevalence of the ACSL AA genotype was significantly higher among soccer players (35%) compared to controls (12%), sprinters and jumpers (15%) and long-distance runners (15%). The findings suggest that despite the importance of aerobic capacity for soccer performance, the prevalence of ACSL AA carriers – a genotype that was related to reduced endurance trainability – is significantly higher among soccer players compared to endurance and power athletes and controls. This genetically unfavorable predisposition should be considered when selecting the team squad and when planning fitness training modalities throughout the competitive season.
Keywords: sprinters, long-distance runners, soccer players, ACSL genetic polymorphism
Assessing the Format, Duration and Frequency of Interactive Game Programs in terms of Child Engagement and Motivation
Get PDFBackground. Research has shown that musculoskeletal disorders were most commonly found in children aged 4 to 6 years (Daniusevičiūtė-Brazaitė et al., 2019). Therefore, if these negative trends continue, the growing health problems will pose a greater threat to human well-being and become a serious financial burden on the state and society. Currently, technologies are an integral part of everyday life, so the need for interactive games or animated programs cannot be doubted. Research (Lobel et al., 2016) showed that the use of play-based intervention for children significantly improves fine and visual motor performance. Hence, it is important to identify the possible factors to pre-school children’s irregular posture formation.
Methods. Thirty children (15 girls and 15 boys) aged 5.6 ± 0.6 years (mean ± SD) participated voluntarily in the study. Interview method was used as a questionnaire for preschool children to determine the level of children’s physical activity, the characteristics of interactive animated educational gaming programs, their impact and motivation when engaging in game programs. Also the assessment of the biomechanical applicability of physical exercises was measured using an inclinometer and Myoton 3 system for muscle tone, elasticity and stiffness, as well as posture assessment. The methods were applied before and after the experiment.
Results. All children liked the exercises of intercative animated program on the first (before) day of the study, and 98% answered on the last (after) day of the study. A greater proportion (67%) reported feeling excited when doing the exercises of the interactive animated program for the first time, whereas on the last day of the study, 48% reported feeling excited and 37% happy. Muscle stiffness scores increased on the last (post) day of the study. High measurement reliability was established for all muscle stiffness measurements. Conclusion. The exercises of the interactive animated game program were engaging – all the participants willingly performed the exercises and strong emotions such as excitement, surprise, fun/mischief prevailed during the exercises. The exercises of the interactive animated game program were performed correctly. The measured results of muscle frequency, elasticity and stiffness increased on the last day of the study.
Keywords: preschool child, physical activity, engagement, motivation, interactive animated educational gaming program
Mokesčių sistemos įtaka šešėlinei ekonomikai
Get PDFThe shadow economy is damaging the whole economy, the overall growth of the "good", it is not reaching state regulation, it is no longer under tax control. It is always very important to find out what factors affect the shadow economy. Then can be pursued reductions in the informal economy in order to reduce poverty, increase economic and social security, and improve revenue collection in the national budget. What is important is that income inequality, the extent of poverty and the wedge between the most vulnerable groups become apparent during various economic downturns or pandemics. Then is needed again new research of the factors influencing the shadow economy.
Question arises. In order to find out which factors and causes have the greatest impact, it is necessary to examine the areas in which the shadow economy occurs. The problem of the research is what factors influence the shadow economy.
Object of work determinants of the shadow economy.
The aim of this article is to find and evaluate the determinants of the shadow economy. To achieve the goal at first is necessary to describe the shadow economy and identify the factors that determine it, then to develop an appropriate method and perform calculations based on it.
The methods chosen for the research are analysis of scientific literature, synthesis, correlation analysis, multiple regression analysis, reliability tests.
The calculated results allowed to estimate that the annual net earnings and the tax burden have a correlation relationship with the shadow economy. The performed multiple regression analysis showed the suitability of the model and allows to statistically reliably state that the identified independent variables affect the shadow economy. Importantly, the regression equation states that increasing the annual net earnings will not prevent the growth of the shadow economy because direct dependence has been established. It is also important that the chosen model interprets that 79% of the changes in the shadow economy are caused by the change in the annual net earnings and tax burden when other factors are constant.
Conclusions:
The shadow economy is characterized by such features as undeclared income, avoidance of income, value added, payment of other taxes, circumvention of established rules - minimum wage, maximum working hours. Factors that may affect the shadow economy are highlighted. Excise duty rate on alcohol, excise duty rate on tobacco, corruption perception index, household indebtedness.
The research methodology consists of a correlation analysis describing theRelationship between independent variables and a dependent variable (SE) and a multi-regression analysis. Additional studies were used to assess the reliability of the multiple regression model: a multicollinearity test showing whether a relationship exists between the independent variables themselves; heteroskedasty analysis showing whether all assumptions for modeling are satisfied, whether there is no violation of normality, or whether there is a nonlinear relationship between independent variables; autocorrelation test for interdependence of residual errors; Bonferroni standardized residue test and Shapiro-Wilk normality test.
Calculations have shown that a statistically significant relationship exists betweenthe independent variables and the size of the shadow economy. Multiple regression analysis and model reliability tests showed that the chosen model is statistically reliable and found that the size of the shadow economy is influenced by the excise rate on alcohol, the rate of excise duty on tobacco, the corruption perception index, and household indebtedness. As the size of the independent variables increases, so does the size of the shadow economy.
Key words: shadow economy, tax burden, independent variables.Straipsniu siekiama nustatyti veiksnius, turinčius įtaką šešėlinės ekonomikos augimui. Pradžioje apibūdinama šešėlinė ekonomika ir identifikuojami ją lemiantys veiksniai. Tyrimo atlikimui pasirinkti metodai mokslinės literatūros ir koreliacinė analizė, patikimumo testai. Apskaičiuoti rezultatai leido įvertinti, kad koreliacinį ryšį su šešėline ekonomika turi metinis grynasis uždarbis ir mokesčių našta. Atlikta daugialypės regresijos analizė parodė modelio tinkamumą ir leidžia statistiškai patikimai teigti, kad įvardinti nepriklausomi kintamieji, daro įtaką šešėlinei ekonomikai. Svarbu tai, kad regresinė lygtis teigia, jog padidinus metinį grynąjį uždarbį, išvengti šešėlinės ekonomikos augimo nepavyks, nes nustatytas tiesioginis priklausomumas. Parinktas modelis interpretuoja, jog šešėlinės ekonomikos kitimus 79 proc. sąlygoja metinio grynojo uždarbio ir mokesčių naštos kitimas kitiems veiksniams esant pastoviems.
Raktažodžiai: šešėlinė ekonomika, mokestinė našta, nepriklausomi kintamieji
Reabilitacijos priemonių poveikis vaikų, sergančių cerebriniu paralyžiumi, ėjimo ištvermei. Literatūros sisteminė apžvalga
No full textBackground. Decreased walking endurance in children with CP results in impaired gait function and adversely affects participation. Appropriate rehabilitation interventions can significantly increase walking endurance and associated functional efficiency.
The aim. To evaluate the effectiveness of different rehabilitation interventions for walking endurance of children with CP by analyzing scientific research.
Methods. The selection of articles was performed in the “PubMed” database, according to the keywords and criteria identifying the study topic. The selection scheme was performed according to the PRISMA guidelines.
Results. 15 articles were included in the systematic review. Statistically significantly (p<0,05) higher walking endurance was found after: “Gait Trainer GT1” workout; muscle strength-power training; strength-endurance training + usual interventions (INT) and passive movement intervention, all compared to INT. Also, after: treadmill + INT (vs. walking + INT); treadmill with the “3DCaLT” robotic system (vs. treadmill); virtual reality with treadmill + INT (vs. treadmill + INT); whole-body vibration (vs. placebo).
Conclusions. In children with cerebral palsy, certain gait training, muscle strength training, and passive movement interventions increase walking endurance more effectively compared to non-combined usual interventions. When choosing from several gait training interventions, the effectiveness of walking endurance training depends on the specifics of the intervention. Also, walking endurance is effectively enhanced by whole-body vibration (compared to placebo) and a virtual reality component combined with gait training (compared to the same intervention without a virtual reality component).
Keywords: children, cerebral palsy, walking endurance, rehabilitation, systematic review.
Tyrimo pagrindimas. Vaikų, sergančių cerebriniu paralyžiumi, sumažėjusi ėjimo ištvermė sąlygoja blogėjančią, neefektyvią ėjimo funkciją ir turi neigiamos įtakos dalyvumui. Tinkamos reabilitacijos priemonės gali reikšmingai padidinti ėjimo ištvermę ir su ja susijusį funkcinį efektyvumą.
Tikslas – įvertinti skirtingų reabilitacijos priemonių veiksmingumą vaikų, sergančių cerebriniu paralyžiumi, ėjimo ištvermei, analizuojant atliktus mokslinius tyrimus.
Metodai. Straipsnių atranka atlikta „PubMed“ duomenų bazėje, pagal darbo temą identifikuojančius raktažodžius ir kriterijus. Atrankos schema atlikta pagal PRISMA gaires.
Rezultatai. Į sisteminę apžvalgą įtraukta 15 publikacijų. Ėjimo ištvermė statistiškai reikšmingai (p<0,05) pagerėjo po: eisenos treniruoklio „Gait Trainer GT1“; raumenų jėgos-galios; jėgos-ištvermės + įprastinės intervencijos (INT) treniruočių bei pasyvaus judesio intervencijos, visas lyginant su INT. Taip pat, po: bėgtakio + INT (vs. ėjimas + INT); bėgtakio su robotine sistema „3DCaLT“ (vs. bėgtakis); VR su bėgtakiu + INT (vs. bėgtakis + INT); viso kūno vibracijos (vs. placebas) treniruočių.
Išvados. Vaikams, sergantiems cerebriniu paralyžiumi, tam tikros eisenos treniravimo, raumenų jėgos treniravimo bei pasyvaus judesio intervencijos ėjimo ištvermę didina veiksmingiau, lyginant su pavienėmis įprastinėmis intervencijomis. Renkantis iš kelių eisenos treniravimo intervencijų, ėjimo ištvermės treniravimo veiksmingumas priklauso nuo intervencijos specifikos. Taip pat, ėjimo ištvermę veiksmingai didina viso kūno vibracija (lyginant su placebu) bei virtualios realybės komponentas, derinamas su eisenos treniravimu (lyginant su ta pačia intervencija be virtualios realybės komponento).
Raktažodžiai: vaikai, cerebrinis paralyžius, ėjimo ištvermė, reabilitacija, sisteminė apžvalga.
 
„Nirvana Fitness“ treniruočių poveikis patiriamam stresui ir pažintinėms funkcijoms
No full textBackground. Mind and body exercise programmes, such as Tai Chi, Yoga and Pilates, can be successfully applied for stress reduction and cognitive function enhancement, however Nirvana Fitness training effects on perceived stress and cognition remain equivocal.
The aim. To determine the effects of Nirvana Fitness training on perceived stress and cognition.
Methods. The study included 20 women. They were randomly assigned to a control (n=10) or experimental (n=10) group. Participants in the experimental group participated in the Nirvana Fitness exercise programme, which consisted of a 50-minute class twice a week for 8 weeks. Participants in the control group were asked to maintain their daily routines. Changes in perceived stress and cognitive performance were evaluated.
Results. The Nirvana Fitness exercise programme significantly decreased
(p<0.05) perceived stress and improved (p<0.05) inhibitory control and cognitive
flexibility, whereas spatial and working memory remained unchanged.
Conclusion. The Nirvana Fitness programme can be used as an effective method to decrease stress and improve attention in women.
Keywords: memory, attention, women, mind and body exercise programmes
Tyrimo pagrindimas. Proto ir kūno pratimų programos, tokios kaip Tai Či, joga, pilatesas, gali būti taikomos, siekiant mažinanti patiriamą stresą ir gerinti pažintinės funkcijas, tačiau „Nirvana Fitness“ treniruočių poveikis išlieka neaiškus.
Tikslas – nustatyti „Nirvana Fitness“ treniruočių poveikį patiriamam stresui ir pažintinėms funkcijoms.
Metodai. Tyrime dalyvavo 20 moterų, kurios buvo suskirstytos į kontrolinę (n=10) ir tiriamąją (n=10) grupes. Tiriamajai grupei „Nirvana Fitness“ treniruočių užsiėmimai vyko aštuonias savaites, du kartus per savaitę, užsiėmimo trukmė buvo 50 min., o kontrolinės grupės tiriamųjų buvo prašoma laikytis įprastinės veiklos. Tyrimo metu buvo vertinama patiriamo streso ir pažintinių funkcijų kaita.
Rezultatai. Taikant „Nirvana Fitness“ treniruočių programą statistiškai reikšmingai sumažėjo (p<0,05) patiriamas stresas ir pagerėjo (p<0,05) dėmesio slopinimas ir dėmesio lankstumas, bet ši programa neturėjo įtakos erdvinei ir darbinei atminčiai.
Išvada. „Nirvana Fitness“ treniruočių programa gali būti naudojama kaip veiksminga priemonė, mažinanti moterų patiriamą stresą ir gerinanti dėmesį.
Raktažodžiai: atmintis, dėmesys, moterys, proto ir kūno pratimų programos
Современные внутриорганизационные технологии разрешения конфликтов
No full textResearch problem and degree of the research: Today, conflicts take place in all organizations. Current realities do not allow enterprises to exist in a comfort zone without internal obstacles; otherwise, an institution simply will not survive. This article is based on both the positive meaning of conflict and on an analysis of the negative aspects of conflict, specifically regarding modern technologies which allow resolving conflict contradictions in some cases or to avoid it completely in others, for example, when there are rudiments of their maturation.
Purpose of the article: to analyze modern technologies for resolving conflicts in an organization.
Subject of the article: Modern technologies for conflict resolution.
There are quite a few types of intra-organizational conflicts, but we will focus on the contradictions that arise in teams. The article analyzes the technologies of conflict resolution in two projections: in resolving a conflict that has already arisen and in its prevention.
Research methods: The following research methods were used:
⎯ theoretical analysis of scientific sources;
⎯ analysis of foreign conflict resolution techniques.
Modern conflict resolution technologies are focused on the constructive participation of all parties to the conflict. At the same time, the managers’ actions play a certain role, as they are endowed with exclusive functions for managing conflicts within their department and they are personally responsible for the situation in the team.
Of course, it is necessary to apply preventive methods to prevent contradictions. If nevertheless the conflict emerged for various reasons: either the contradiction was implicit, or this issue was not given due attention, it is necessary to be guided by slightly different methods. In any case, the resolution of intra-organizational conflicts in a team should be focused on the psychological aspect of employees. It is necessary to work with each employee, paying attention to his or her needs and interests.
Conclusion. This article examined the main modern methods for preventing and resolving conflicts, used in many organizations. The theoretical aspects of intra-organizational conflicts, including the cause of the conflict, its’ structure and typology were considered. The article was also focused on the typical managers’ mistakes when resolving conflicts.
Key words: corporate conflict, resolution technologies, managerial impact, mediation.
Проблема и содержание исследования. На сегодняшний день не существует ни одной организации, в которой бы не происходили конфликты. Текущие реалии не позволяют предприятиям находиться в зоне комфорта и не иметь внутренних преткновений, в противном случае, учреждение банально не выживет. В статье идет речь не только о позитивном значении конфликта, но также анализируются и негативные позиции конфликта, с упором на современные технологии, позволяющие в одних случаях нивелировать конфликтные противоречия, в других их полностью избегать, когда имеются зачатки их назревания.
Целью статьи является анализ современных внутриорганизационных технологий разрешения конфликтов.
Объект исследования – современные технологии разрешения конфликтов.
Существует довольно много видов внутриорганизационных конфликтов, но нами рассматриваются именно противоречия, возникающие в коллективах. В статье проанализированы технологии разрешения конфликтов в двух проекциях: в разрешении возникшего конфликта и в его предотвращении.
Методы исследования.
В качестве методов исследования были использованы следующие:
- теоретический анализ научных источников;
- анализ зарубежных методик разрешения конфликтов.
Современные технологии разрешения конфликтов ориентированы на конструктивное участие всех сторон конфликта. При этом, определенную роль играют действия руководителей, поскольку они наделены исключительными функциями по управлению конфликтами внутри своего подразделения и несут персональную ответственность за обстановку в коллективе.
Безусловно, для предотвращения противоречий необходимо применять предупреждающие методы. В случае, если конфликт все-таки образовался по разным причинам: либо противоречие было неявным, либо этому вопросу не уделялось должного внимания – необходимо руководствоваться иными методиками. В любом случае, разрешение внутриорганизационных конфликтов в коллективе должно быть ориентировано на психологический аспект сотрудников. То есть необходимо проводить работу с каждым сотрудником, уделять внимание его потребностям и интересам.
Заключение. В данной статье изучены основные современные методы по предупреждению конфликтов и их разрешению, применяемые во многих организациях. Рассмотрены теоретические аспекты внутриорганизационных конфликтов, в том числе динамика конфликта, его структура, и их типология. Также составляющей статьи является ориентация на типичные ошибки руководителей при разрешении конфликтов.
Ключевые слова: внутриорганизационный конфликт, конфликт в коллективе, технологии разрешения конфликтов, управленческое воздействие, медиация
Комфортная городская среда как фактор развития регионального туризма
No full textResearch problem and degree of the research: Today, conflicts take place in all organizations. Current realities do not allow enterprises to exist in a comfort zone without internal obstacles; otherwise, an institution simply will not survive. This article is based on both the positive meaning of conflict and on an analysis of the negative aspects of conflict, specifically regarding modern technologies which allow resolving conflict contradictions in some cases or to avoid it completely in others, for example, when there are rudiments of their maturation.
Purpose of the article: to analyze modern technologies for resolving conflicts in an organization.
Subject of the article: Modern technologies for conflict resolution.
There are quite a few types of intra-organizational conflicts, but we will focus on the contradictions that arise in teams. The article analyzes the technologies of conflict resolution in two projections: in resolving a conflict that has already arisen and in its prevention.
Research methods: The following research methods were used:
⎯ theoretical analysis of scientific sources;
⎯ analysis of foreign conflict resolution techniques.
Modern conflict resolution technologies are focused on the constructive participation of all parties to the conflict. At the same time, the managers’ actions play a certain role, as they are endowed with exclusive functions for managing conflicts within their department and they are personally responsible for the situation in the team.
Of course, it is necessary to apply preventive methods to prevent contradictions. If nevertheless the conflict emerged for various reasons: either the contradiction was implicit, or this issue was not given due attention, it is necessary to be guided by slightly different methods. In any case, the resolution of intra-organizational conflicts in a team should be focused on the psychological aspect of employees. It is necessary to work with each employee, paying attention to his or her needs and interests.
Conclusion. This article examined the main modern methods for preventing and resolving conflicts, used in many organizations. The theoretical aspects of intra-organizational conflicts, including the cause of the conflict, its’ structure and typology were considered. The article was also focused on the typical managers’ mistakes when resolving conflicts.
Key words: corporate conflict, resolution technologies, managerial impact, mediation.Проблема исследования и степень исследования. Исследование посвящено выявлению влияния качества городской среды как фактора развития туризма в регионах. Внутренний туризм, как показал опыт с COVID-19, становится как двигателем экономического развития регионов, так и решением проблемы отсутствия возможностей или безопасности здоровья при поездках за границу.
Проблемный вопрос: что такое комфортная городская среда как фактор развития туризма в регионе? В статье рассматривается один из факторов, влияющих на развитие туризма в российских городах. Поэтому, если учесть влияние этого фактора и сосредоточить его также на туристах, возможно ускорить развитие отрасли. Этот фактор — комфортная городская среда.
Тема статьи — развитие комфортной городской среды
Цель исследования — выявление закономерностей между уровнем развития городской среды и развитием туризма в регионах и их туристской привлекательностью.
статистический анализ открытых данных Ростуризма по регионам, сравнительный количественный анализ качества городской среды и развития туризма в регионах, общенаучные методы исследования. В статье представлен количественный анализ показателей качества городской среды городов и регионов, а также использована собственная методика расчета туристской привлекательности регионов как внутренних туристических направлений.
Исследование не выявило прямой зависимости между качеством городской среды и туристической привлекательностью регионов. Однако есть основание, что качество городской среды имеет косвенное влияние на эти показатели: туристы не едут напрямую «посмотреть» городскую среду, но развитость городской сети, городской инфраструктуры имеет позитивное влияние на уровень привлекательности и туризма.
Исследование оставляет за собой ряд незакрытых вопросов, среди которых: изменение подхода к оценке привлекательности регионов, выделение из методики расчета индекса качества городской среды элементов, которые больше всего влияют на туристские предпочтения и впечатления, насколько сильно влияние временного лага между началом развития комфортной городской среды и первыми результатами в виде растущего туристского потока (индекс рассчитывается с 2018 года, приоритетный проект утвержден в 2016 году).
Ключевые слова: Комфортная городская среда, туристическая привлекательность, факторы развити
Знания и инновации как условие прогресса общества : вызовы, возможности, тенденции развития
Get PDFThe relevance of the research topic is that the rapid expansion of scientific knowledge is a key factor in maintaining the development of the progress of society. Technological innovation, measured as a result of rapid increases in wealth, is becoming an important tool in the development of as yet unavailable resources. Social media, mobile communications, and big data technologies are key components of collaboration between non-state actors and governments.
The purpose of the study is to conceptualize knowledge and innovation as a condition for the progress of socio-political and economic development of society.
Research objectives: 1. analysis of the development of information technology as a new trend that affects the development of the modern world; 2. the formation of human capital as a condition for the progress of the socio-political and economic development of society; 3. a progressive scenario of the socio-political and economic development of society; 4. the formation of a creative class as a factor in the development of information and communication technologies.
Research methods: Observation and fixation in terms accepted in science, the most significant features, manifestations of the development of society; systematic generalization of a variety of empirical data, information reflecting various aspects and states of the object; analysis and synthesis of information, the method of consistency, which helped to lead to the integrity of the investigated object.
Research result: It has been proven that information technology is entering the era of big data. Operational processes and data banks are becoming almost free; web and cloud technologies provide global access and ubiquitous services; social media and cyber security are emerging as big new markets. Three technological directions are changing our way of life, the way we do business and security: technologies in the field of storage and processing of large amounts of data; social networking technologies; “Smart cities” as a multitude of urban technologies working with updated and secure IT systems. Advances in big data storage and processing herald an imminent economic boom, advances in a variety of technologies are shaping giant investments in smart city infrastructure.
Key words: knowledge, innovation, progress, information and computer technologies, human capital, creative class.Актуальность темы исследования в том, что быстрое расширение научных знаний является ключевым фактором в поддержании развития прогресса общества. Технологические инновации, учтенные как результат быстрого повышения благосостояния, становятся важным инструментом в разработке пока недоступных ресурсов. Социальные медиа, мобильная связь, и технологии обработки больших данных – ключевые компоненты сотрудничества негосударственных субъектов и правительств. Цель исследования- концептуализация знаний и инноваций как условия прогресса общественно-политического и экономического развития общества. Задачи исследования: 1) анализ развития информационных технологий как новой тенденции, которая влияет на развитие современного мира; 2) формирование человеческого капитала как условие прогресса общественно-политического и экономического развития общества; 3) прогрессивный сценарий общественно-политического и экономического развития общества; 4) формирование креативного класса как фактор развития информационно-коммуникационных технологий. Методы исследования – наблюдение и фиксация в терминах, принятых в науке, наиболее значимых черт, проявлений развития общества; систематизированное обобщение разнообразных эмпирических данных, сведений, отражающих различные стороны и состояния объекта; анализ и синтез информации, метод системности, которые помогли привести к целостности исследуемого объекта. Результат исследования. Доказано, что информационные технологии входят в эпоху больших данных. Операционные процессы и банки данных становятся почти бесплатными; сетевые и облачные технологии обеспечивают глобальный доступ и повсеместным услугам; социальные СМИ и сфера кибер-безопасности становятся новыми большими рынками. Три технологических направления изменяют наш образ жизни, порядок ведения дел и безопасность: технологии в области хранения и обработки больших массивов данных; технологии социальных сетей; «умные города» как множество городских технологий, работающих с помощью обновленных и безопасных IT-систем. Продвижения в сфере хранения и обработки больших данных предвещают назревающий экономический бум, достижения во множестве технологий формируют гигантские инвестиции в инфраструктуру «умных городов».
Ключевые слова: знания, инновации, прогресс, информационно-компьютерные технологии, человеческий капитал, креативный класс
Теоретико-методологические аспекты государственной политики национальной безопасности
Get PDFRelevance and novelty. The relevance of the study of the topic is that the problem of national security is a problem that seriously worries public and state figures, scientists and ordinary citizens. This is due to traditional threats - war, political instability, natural disasters, as well as the emergence at the beginning of the XX-XXI century of a large number of qualitatively new threats to national security, directly related to the life of the country and the population. All this, in turn, necessitates the search for a new security paradigm in the interests of the survival of all mankind. The processes of globalization have increased the interdependence of nature and society, man and society, which means scientific understanding, comprehensive analysis and development of theoretical views that can adequately reflect in scientific categories the ideas about modern processes on which national security depends.
The purpose of the study is to consider the theoretical and methodological aspects of the state policy of national security.
Research objectives: to conduct a theoretical and conceptual analysis of the security phenomenon; explore the conceptual and categorical apparatus of national security.
Methodology. The study is based on the principles of dialectics, objectivity, historicism, which made it possible to carefully comprehend the object of study, take into account the multidimensionality of problems in the field of security policy, avoid tendentiousness and bias, reveal the evolution of security policy as a complex and controversial political process. The system method was used in the interpretation of security policy as an integral element of the policy of the state and citizen. The historical method made it possible to track the evolution of scientific approaches to understanding the relationship between security and the concept of a welfare state. The dialectical method made it possible to reveal contradictions between the interests of the state in relation to national security and the interests of individuals in ensuring security.
The scientific novelty of the results obtained is based on the substantiation of a new approach to understanding security policy and the conceptualization of its features and role in the modern world.
The value of the study is based on the study of the features of state policy in the field of national security.
Outcomes and conclusions. Having carried out a theoretical and conceptual analysis of the phenomenon of security, we note that security can be considered as the protection of such areas of the individual, family, nation and humanity: objectively spiritual being - spiritual life in their sociality: spiritual values, faith, morality, identity, culture, mentality; material-subject being - the material conditions of existence, provided through the activity of creating the necessary objects, primarily in the labor, economic, household spheres of being; socio-historical being - these are real social and international relations in historical time and in a certain geopolitical space, the preservation, development and transformation of existing states, countries, civilizations; subjective-personal being - and the diversity that occurs only with them, and which thereby differ from the general course of life.
What swings national security is the state of protection of the vital interests of the individual, society and the state from internal and external threats, the ability of the state to maintain its sovereignty and territorial integrity and act as a subject of international law.
Key words: national security, politics, government, hybrid warfare, geopoliticsИсследовательский аспект этой статьи представляет собой проблему национальной безопасности, которая вызывает серьезную озабоченность у общественных и государственных деятелей, исследователей и простых граждан. Это связано с традиционными угрозами - войной, политической нестабильностью, стихийными бедствиями, а также множеством качественно новых угроз национальной безопасности в начале 20-го и 21-го веков, непосредственно связанных с жизнью страны и ее населения. Все это, в свою очередь, заставляет искать новую парадигму безопасности для выживания всего человечества. Процессы глобализации усилили взаимозависимость природы и общества, человека и общества, что означает научное осмысление, всесторонний анализ и выработку теоретических взглядов, способных адекватно отразить представления о современных процессах, от которых зависит национальная безопасность в научных категориях.
Ключевые слова: государственная безопасность, политика, правительство, гибридная война, геополитика