Veterinaria Italiana (Journal)
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Exploration of faecal prevalence of internal parasite eggs in children and dogs from three rural high-altitude hamlets in the Peruvian northern Andes
Get PDFThis study aimed to identify and determine the prevalence of intestinal parasites through faecal egg detection in children and dogs from three rural hamlets - La Chorrera, Cruz Pampa, and Chugurmayo - located in the Sorochuco district, Celendín province, Cajamarca region, Peru, at an altitude exceeding 3,400 meters above sea level. Faecal samples were collected from school-aged children and domestic dogs and analysed using direct smear, natural sedimentation, Faust, and Sheather techniques. Parasitic infection was detected in 59.80% of children (95% CI: 50.29–69.32) and 55.00% of dogs (95% CI: 44.10–65.90). No statistically significant differences in prevalence were observed between hamlets (p = 0.630). Among children, the highest prevalence was noted in males aged >6 to 9 years; in dogs, it was observed in males aged 0 to 1 year. However, age and sex were not significantly associated with infection in either group (p > 0.05). Parasitic stages identified in children included Giardia spp., Hymenolepis spp., Fasciola hepatica, Ascaris lumbricoides, and Diphyllobothrium spp. In dogs, Giardia spp., Ancylostomatidae, Sarcocystis spp., Toxocara spp., and Taenia spp. were found. One parasite - Giardia spp. - were common to both species, although no significant overall correlation of infection between children and dogs was observed (p > 0.05). These findings highlight the need for enhanced epidemiological surveillance, medical attention, and further research in these underserved rural communities. Increased awareness and integrated public health efforts are essential to address the burden of parasitic infections in these high-altitude areas
Census and Control of Columba livia var. domestica in Genoa, Italy: Trends in the Higher-Central District (2010–2017)
Get PDFUrban pigeon populations pose significant challenges in cities worldwide, contributing to structural damage, health concerns, and environmental imbalances. Since 2005, the Municipality of Genoa has implemented a targeted pigeon control programme utilising Nicarbazin, a sterilising agent that inhibits egg fertilisation. This study assesses the effectiveness of the sterilisation strategy in the Circonvallazione a Monte district from 2010 to 2017, analysing population trends and behavioural responses across various feeding points. Using a combination of statistical methods, including Duncan’s test, ANOVA, and time series analysis, we identify significant declines in pigeon numbers and the emergence of distinct population dynamic patterns. Results indicate that while pharmacological sterilisation effectively reduces populations, its success varies depending on local environmental factors, nesting availability, and unauthorised feeding. The study suggests that an integrated approach, combining reproductive control with habitat modification and public awareness initiatives, is essential for long-term pigeon population management. Our findings contribute to the growing body of research on humane and sustainable urban wildlife control
Mon 30 Il canile sanitario, procedure e protocolli
No full textIl presente manuale fa seguito a “Il canile rifugio, procedure e protocolli” pubblicato su Veterinaria Italiana nel 2020 e ne ripropone l’impostazione. La finalità di questo lavoro e di dare indicazioni circa l’elaborazione di procedure che consentano una corretta organizzazione e gestione della struttura in un’ottica di assoluta trasparenza ed efficienza. La qualità dell’accoglienza dei cani nei canili sanitari è fondamentale anche al fine di ridurre il trauma della cattura e del cambio di luogo di vita e di avviare o ripristinare una buona relazione uomo/animale
Multiple Coenurus cerebralis Cysts Detected in a Sheep Brain and Molecular Characterization of the Individual Cysts
Get PDFTaenia multiceps is found in canids and in its larval stage is known as Coenurus cerebralis causes coenurosis. The disease has a significant impact on the economic value of sheep and goats. The aim of the current study was to identify multiple cysts in the brain of a sheep displaying common symptoms of C. cerebralis and to amplify and sequence analyse the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 gene of each individual cyst by PCR. The research material used was the head of a sheep exhibiting neurological symptoms. Seven cysts associated with C. cerebralis were detected in the brain upon thorough examination. The mt-CO1 gene was amplified by PCR, and all isolates were sequenced. Sequence alignment revealed the presence of point mutations, and 20 polymorphic sites were identified, of which 7.7% (1/13) were parsimony informative. The isolates demonstrated significant haplotype diversity and low nucleotide diversity. In this study, only one isolate obtained from Turkey belonged to the fourth main haplotype, while the remaining six isolates constituted a distinct and unique single haplotype. This is the first time that haplotypic distinctions have been identified among isolates obtained from a sheep brain that is multiply infected with C. cerebralis.La cenosi è una malattia parassitaria causata da Taenia multiceps, un cestode canide, nel suo stadio larvale noto come Coenurus cerebralis. La malattia incide significativamente sul valore economico di ovini e caprini. In questo studio, il nostro obiettivo è stato quello di identificare diverse cisti nel cervello di una pecora che presentava i sintomi comuni di C. cerebralis e di condurre sequenze di ogni singola cisti. Il nostro materiale di ricerca comprendeva la testa di una pecora che presentava sintomi neurologici. Nel cervello sono state rilevate cisti multiple associate a C. cerebralis, con un totale di sette cisti osservate in tutte le regioni del cervello dopo un esame approfondito. Il gene mt-CO1 è stato amplificato mediante PCR e tutti gli isolati sono stati sequenziati. L'allineamento delle sequenze ha rivelato la presenza di mutazioni puntiformi e sono stati identificati 20 siti polimorfici, di cui il 7,7% (1/13) erano informativi per parsimonia. Gli isolati hanno dimostrato una significativa diversità aplotipica e una bassa diversità nucleotidica. Solo un singolo isolato ottenuto dalla Turchia in questo studio apparteneva al quarto aplotipo principale, mentre i restanti sei isolati costituivano un singolo aplotipo distinto e unico. Questo studio segna la prima volta in cui sono state trovate distinzioni aplotipiche tra gli isolati ottenuti da un cervello di pecora infettato in modo multiplo da C. cerebralis
Avian reovirus in Italy: three episodes of abnormal losses in offspring of vaccinated broiler breeders
Get PDFAvian reovirus (ARV) is an important pathogen of poultry and the causative agent of viral arthritis/tenosynovitis. The disease can cause severe clinical signs in broiler flocks at an early age, resulting in major welfare issues and substantial economic losses for the poultry industry. Vaccination of breeders is widely used to control the disease, aiming to reduce vertical transmission and provide maternal antibodies to offspring. However, in recent years the number of clinical cases has increased in several countries. This study describes the clinical presentation, gross and histological lesions, and laboratory findings in three Italian broiler flocks in which ARV was identified. Sequencing of a partial fragment of the sigma C (σC)-econding gene enabled genetic characterization of the viruses, which showed a low degree of homology with vaccine strains used in breeders in Italy, belonging to genotypic cluster I. The isolates were instead assigned to clusters II and IV. These findings confirm the circulation of genetically distinct ARV genotypes in Italian poultry farms and underline the need for broader investigations of suspected cases to improve understanding of ARV epidemiology and to refine control strategies
Evidence of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) susceptibility among big felids in Namibia: leopards (Panthera pardus) and lions (Panthera leo)
Get PDFCrimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a severe zoonotic disease caused by the Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV), primarily transmitted by Hyalomma ticks. The virus has been detected in a wide range of domestic and wild animals, contributing to its persistence in endemic regions. However, felids of the Panthera genus have not been previously investigated in this context. The present study aimed to assess the seroprevalence of CCHFV antibodies in leopards (Panthera pardus; n=250; 1997-2017) and lions (Panthera leo; n=7; 2023) in Namibia using a commercial ELISA kit. CCHFV antibodies were detected in 36/250 leopards (14.40%; 95% CI: 10.59-19.29) and 3/7 lions (42.86%; 95% CI: 15.82-74.95). No tested animals had a known history of CCHFV-related clinical signs. Statistical analyses did not reveal significant temporal trends in seroprevalence. The presence of CCHFV antibodies in large felids suggests past exposure but does not confirm a definitive role in viral transmission. Further virological studies, including molecular detection and investigations of carcasses are needed to determine whether these species serve as viral reservoirs or dead-end hosts. Given the zoonotic potential of CCHFV and the role of wildlife in its epidemiology, increased surveillance is warranted. From a One Health perspective, awareness among veterinarians, caretakers, and conservationists is crucial. Vector control measures in livestock should be reinforced to limit spillover events between domestic animals, wildlife, and humans, particularly in the face of climate-driven tick expansion and the geographical spread of CCHFV
Mon 29 Le popolazioni di storni in ambito urbano: problematiche e metodi di controllo
No full textGli uccelli che possono rappresentare un problema igienico‑sanitario in ambiente urbano sono ridotti a poche unità specifiche. Le infestazioni legate agli uccelli divengono di interesse medico‑sanitario allorché i volatili con le deiezioni e con la loro presenza diventano veicolo di parassiti e patogeni. Le specie che in Italia rappresentano un problema sono lo storno (Sturnus vulgaris), il colombo (Columba livia) e, in misura meno accentuata, il passero domestico (Passer domesticus), il gabbiano reale mediterraneo (Larus michahellis) e il parrocchetto dal collare (Psittacula krameri). Fattori importanti che predispongono gli areali urbani ad essere, talvolta, “invasi” dagli uccelli sono (Dutto 2009):
• assenza di predatori naturali;• microclima più favorevole anche nei periodi invernali;• grande disponibilità di siti adatti alla nidificazione;• abbondanza di cibo di provenienza antropica.Le specie animali e vegetali che non sono di origine autoctona ma che hanno successo nell’insediamento e nello stabilizzarsi su undeterminato areale sono considerate invasive. Il loro successo, secondo un’ipotesi (Volpe 2013), è da addebitare al fatto che sono popolazioni sotto stress che si muovono in direzione di un territorio con un livello inferiore o nullo di stress, incidendo così sulla propria attività riproduttiva.
l fattori in precedenza elencati sono senza dubbio quelli responsabili dell’incremento demografico di determinate specie di uccelli che, peraltro, sono le specie più malleabili dal punto di vista adattivo e che meglio si adattano a diverse nicchie ecologiche negli ambienti urbani, diventando rapidamente infestanti creando problemi di diversa natura che vanno da rischi igienico‑sanitari fino ad arrivare ad interferire con la sicurezza della viabilità pedonale, passando per i danni alle infrastrutture e ai beni architettonici (Dutto 2009). Il presente documento non intende rispondere a tutte le domande che potrebbero sorgere relativamente a problemi percepiti dal cittadino in merito alla presenza di storni in ambito urbano. In realtà ha lo scopo di concentrarsi sul potenziale ruolo dello stornocome rischio per la salute umana e animale, nonché di fornire gli elementi essenziali per poter gestire e controllarne le popolazioniin ambito urbano. Questo secondo obiettivo è meno semplice da raggiungere, poiché i diversi metodi di controllo finora utilizzatihanno ancora effetti poco noti. Inoltre, l’ecologia degli storni urbani rimane un’area tristemente trascurata (Robinson et al. 2006).Bisogna sottolineare che nessun singolo metodo di per sé è pienamente efficace nel frenare le fenomenali capacità di adattamentodello storno nelle nostre città. La soluzione della conseguente conflittualità nel rapporto uomo‑animale deve perciò perseguire unapproccio combinato se vuole essere gestita con successo. Nonostante queste ovvie difficoltà, il presente documento mira a proporre metodi per ridurre la popolazione di storni presenti nelle nostre città, in modo da poter essere d’ausilio alle autorità preposte nel generare raccomandazioni utili ai fini dell’applicazione di efficaci misure di controllo
Comparison effect of lasalocid, diclazuril, probiotic and symbiotic on histomorpholical changes of small intestine induced by E. tenella
No full textThis study aimed to investigate the comparison of effect of anticoccidal drugs including lasalocid and diclazuril with probiotic and synbiotic on the growth performance and intestinal morphology in broiler chicken. One hundred eighty chickens (Ross 308, 1 day old) were randomly divided into 6 equal groups (n=30) including the negative control (basal diet), the positive control (basal diet+oral inoculation of 3×104 sporulated oocytes of E. tenella, and four treatment groups. At days of 28 and 49 of age, 9 chickens were blindly chosen from each group were scarified by decapitation and their various segments of small intestine including ileum, jejunum, and duodenum were evaluated histomorphologically. We found that the economic losses resulted from coccidial infection in the poultry industry are caused by the decreased performance of broiler chicken induced by morphological changes in the any three segments specially jejunum. The anticoccidial drugs, synbiotic and probiotic can partially prevent morphological changes in any three segments of small intestine in broiler chicken with coccidiosis. Since morphological changes in the jejunum begin earlier than in other parts and surface area of jejunal villi is important for nutrition absorbance as well as growth performance, lasolacid was found to a be more efficient treatment in this regard
Activity of BatIFIT5 in different species of healthy and naturally infected with rabies virus bats
Get PDFBats are mammals with vital role played in numerous ecosystem services, however bats can be important reservoirs or hosts for several microorganisms. Rabies is a zoonosis caused by Rabies lyssavirus (RABV) that affects the central nervous system (CNS) of all mammals, including bats and humans. The action of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) could be responsible for inhibiting different stages of the viral replication cycle. A major family of ISGs are the Interferon-induced proteins with tetrapeptide repeats (IFITs) and your action against infections caused by viruses from different families was proven. This study describes the expression of BatIFIT5 by RT-qPCR in different species of healthy and naturally infected with RABV bats. A total, of 36 bats were analyzed (18 positive and 18 negative for rabies) and 16 (44.44%) were positive for BatIFIT5. Here we analyzed fourteen species of bats with different eating and behavioral habits. Seven genetics lineages of RABV were evaluated and included in these 14 species of bats, no cases of RABV spillover were identified. In addition, we did not verified relationship between the bat species expression of BatIFIT5 and RABV. Many points about immunology of bats are unknown and here we analyzed one of these points
Isolation and genetic characterization of parvoviruses from domestic cats reveals emergence of CPV-2c in India: A first report
Get PDFThe objective of the present study was to isolate and characterize the VP2 gene of parvoviruses from domestic cats in India. For that, 38 fecal samples were screened by PCR with 36.84% positivity. Sequence analysis of those isolates showed canine parvovirus type-2c (CPV-2c) as the predominant variant, followed by feline panleukopenia virus (FPV) and 2a. Phylogenetic analysis of the CPV-2c sequences revealed clustering with Singaporean, South Korean, Mongolian and Bangladeshi dog 2c sequences. Phylogenetic analysis of the 2a isolate (MZC 2) was found to be clustered with Indian, Thai and Singaporean dog 2a isolates. Similarly, all the four FPV sequences were ancestrally related to Indian dog and cat FPV sequences hinting towards interspecies transmission between dogs and cats. Both synonymous and non-synonymous mutations were evident in CPV-2c, 2a and FPV sequences indicative of active evolution. In cell culture medium, CPV-2 showed cytopathogenic effects at the third passage level. In conclusion, the study provided the first report of CPV-2c in cats from India, which demands for extensive epidemiological surveillance to monitor interspecies spread and to shed more light on viral phylogenomics, their distribution in the country and in the Southeast Asian region and usage of current vaccines