Journal of Engineering, Science and Technological Trends
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Exploring The Influence of Social Network Sites on Students\u27 Academic Achievement: The Moderating Effect of Social Support
Get PDFThe widespread use of social networking sites SNS among university students has raised deep concerns about their impact on the academic performance of the students. This study examines the relationship between SNS usage, academic performance and social support among university students. A quantitative research approach was employed in a self-report questionnaire with data collected from 200 University students in Mardan Pakistan. The results showed a positive correlation between SNS usage and academic performance as well as between social support and academic performance. Regression analysis reveals that SNS usage is a significant predictor of academic performance. Mediation analysis showed that social support mediates the link in between the SNS usage and academic performance. The study reveals that the impact of social networking sites usage on academic performance is dual edged varying according to the manner of usage. The study\u27s results have highlighted important areas of concern for many stakeholders like educator policymakers and researchers highlighting the need to consider the role of social media and academic settings in developing strategies that promote responsible social media use among students
Critical Review on the Phase Change Properties of VO₂: Influence of Synthesis Methods and Transition Mechanisms
Get PDFVanadium dioxide (VO₂) is a strongly correlated material that exhibits a reversible metal-insulator transition (MIT) near room temperature (~68°C), accompanied by a structural phase transition from a monoclinic (M1, insulating) to a tetragonal rutile (R, metallic) phase. This unique property makes VO₂ a promising candidate for applications in smart windows, optoelectronic switches, and thermal sensors. However, the phase transition characteristics, such as transition temperature, hysteresis width, and optical/electrical contrast, are highly dependent on the synthesis method. This review critically examines the impact of different synthesis techniques (e.g., chemical vapour deposition, sol-gel, sputtering, pulsed laser deposition, and hydrothermal synthesis) on the phase transition properties of VO₂. A comparative analysis is presented, highlighting how stoichiometry, strain, defects, and doping influence the MIT. Additionally, the fundamental chemistry governing the phase transition is discussed, with a focus on electron correlation effects and lattice dynamics. A comprehensive comparison table summarises the synthesis methods, their effects on phase transition properties, and key challenges
Neutrosophic Logic Reveals Ontological Indeterminacy in Quantum Systems
Get PDFQuantum mechanics reveals a reality where uncertainty is not merely epistemic but ontological, challenging classical logics that rely on determinacy. We introduce neutrosophic logic as a novel framework to formalise this intrinsic indeterminacy. Unlike probability or fuzzy systems, neutrosophy treats truth (T), falsity (F), and indeterminacy (I) as independent dimensions, enabling a richer representation of quantum superposition, entanglement, and measurement collapse. We show that neutrosophic triplets capture the undefined yet real state of qubits before observation and provide a coherent description of entangled correlations beyond probabilistic models. This approach offers a unifying formalism that accommodates both structural indeterminacy and outcome probabilities, bridging foundational debates in quantum theory with practical advances in quantum computation and information science. By explicitly integrating indeterminacy into mathematical modelling, neutrosophy advances our understanding of quantum reality and suggests new avenues for experimental validation and quantum technology design
Artificial Intelligence in Autonomous Weapon Systems: Legal Accountability and Ethical Challenges
Get PDFAutonomous Weapon Systems (AWS) are reshaping modern warfare, offering enhanced operational efficiency but raising significant legal, ethical, and regulatory concerns. Their capacity to engage targets without human intervention creates an accountability gap, challenging the application of International Humanitarian Law (IHL). The current legal frameworks are incompetent to define meaningful human control. That complicate the attribution of responsibility when AWS violate human rights. Ethical challenges, including the dehumanization of warfare, algorithmic biases, and indiscriminate targeting, jeopardize civilian protection. Moreover, the proliferation of AWS amplifies global security risks, particularly with their potential misuse by non-state actors. This paper critically examines these challenges, evaluating current legal frameworks, ethical considerations, and regulatory inconsistencies. It proposes war torts, corporate accountability, transparency measures, and binding international treaties to address governance gaps. Supports international cooperation and oversight mechanisms is essential to ensure AWS comply with IHL and human rights law. This research contributes to the global discourse on autonomous warfare, offering practical policy recommendations for ethical and legal governance
Cyberbullying in Technological Age: A Review of Legal Laws
Get PDFCyberbullying is a harsh reality for many young people today, with the rise of technology making it easier for hurtful behavior to spread. It has become a persuasive issue, with severe consequence. These consequences can be devastating, affecting not only their mental health but also, in the most tragic cases, leading to suicidal thoughts. Despite our best efforts to create a safe space online, we still have a lot to learn about how to protect our children from this kind of abuse and create a safer digital environment having a legal framework. Cyberbullying is a growing concern in Pakistan, but efforts to combat it are hindered by outdated and inadequate laws. The Electronic transaction ordinance 2002 and Prevention of electronic crimes act 2016 failed comprehensively due to many challenges. This article delves into the cybercrime legislation, including the past accts such as Electronic Transaction Ordinance 2002 and the Prevention of Electronic Crimes Act 2016. This article also discusses the latest amendments made in 2025 to the ETO. However, a glaring gap remains: the lack of a clear definition of bullying. Moreover, complexities surrounding intent, surveillance, awareness, jurisdiction, technology, and the age of criminal responsibility further complicate the issue. This article explores these challenges and discusses the need for comprehensive and effective legislation to protect Pakistan’s citizens from the devastating effects of cyberbullying
AI-Powered Innovation in Flexible and Implantable Electronics: From Sensors to Systems
Get PDFA significant change in wearable and implantable biomedical technology is being driven by the combination of flexible electronics and artificial intelligence (AI). Real-time, non-invasive monitoring of vital signs, including temperature, heart rate, and mobility, is made possible by flexible devices because of their soft, biocompatible, and conformable architecture. These devices improve wearability and user comfort while providing ongoing healthcare tracking. By facilitating intelligent data processing, adaptable functionality, and expedited material discovery, AI greatly improves gadget performance. AI-driven, context-aware wearable devices support applications such as motion tracking, gesture recognition, and health monitoring. AI enhances quality control in manufacturing by using neural networks and computer vision to find flaws in parts like flexible PCBs. The creation of ecologically friendly devices is aided by AI-assisted predictive modelling and autonomous labs, which also help find high-performance, sustainable materials. The future of self-sustaining biomedical devices is being shaped by significant improvements in energy harvesting, electronic skin (e-skin), and intelligent interfaces, despite persistent constraints such as hardware integration, power management, data privacy, and limited computing capability. In order to create intelligent, sustainable, and high-performing healthcare systems, this paper examines the relationship between AI and flexible electronics, highlighting significant technical developments, existing constraints and new potential
Identity Theft in the Digital Age: Legal Gaps, Enforcement Challenges, and the Need for Global Reform
Get PDFIdentity theft has grown into a major international issue that hurts everyone from individual people to banks and government departments. This research examines international legal frameworks designed to combat identity theft. The study examines critical laws such as the Identity Theft and Assumption Deterrence Act, Theft Penalty Enhancement Act, Fair Credit Reporting Act, and Fair and Accurate Credit Transactions (FACT) Act, among others. The study reveals that inconsistencies in enforcement across jurisdictions reduce the effectiveness of identity theft laws. According to analysis, identity theft keeps growing as one of today\u27s most common crimes because people conduct financial transactions online and cyber security poses significant weaknesses. The results call for better consumer security measures plus stronger connections between federal and state agencies along with new anti-fraud technology. The findings recommend that governments create better data security laws while working together across borders and building better support for victims of identity theft. Ongoing improvement of identity theft laws plus education about it helps victims avoid both monetary loss and emotional distress
Monitoring Flood Waves Due to Overtopping: Case Study of Mosul Dam from Iraq
Get PDFWhen highlighting water resource exploitation and environmental management, interest in dam break hydraulics is growing due to the possibility of hydrological events brought on by climate change and the catastrophic dam breaches that often result in severe loss of life. Several areas are exposed to flooding risk due to flood waves resulting from dam failure. The current study aims to apply a numerical model that predicts the flood wave\u27s characteristics due to a hypothetical overtopping failure in two dimensions. A numerical model (hydrologic engineering center river analysis system 2D HEC-RAS) is implemented in this study. Mosul Dam, located on the Tigris River in Iraq, is utilized as a case study in this work. The 2D flow area was delineated on the digital elevation model to determine the inundation region and extracted n manning from a land cover layer connected with RAS MAPPER. The results explained that the maximum values of the depth and velocity in km 5 are 60 m and 10.10 m/sec, respectively. At the same moment, it is shown that maximum flood discharge happened near the dam body and that there is a roughly linear relationship between the flood flow and water surface elevation. The study concluded that the models are successful in analyzing the dam breaches by representing the variation of flood wave depth and velocity in two dimensions. Moreover, the ability of the Model to produce maps monitors the spread of hydrodynamic waves that indicate risk areas that are threatened by inundation, which aids in controlling the risks resulting from them
An Insight into Optical Constants of Iron Phenanthroline Molecules
Get PDFIn this study, we investigate the optical properties of Iron 1,10-phenanthroline molecular nanolayer synthesized were prepared using the complexation reactions method. Fe2+(Phen) molecular thin films were then prepared as samples and subsequently characterized using XRD and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The main objective of this work is to explore the optical constants relevant to the light-induced spin crossover phenomenon in this molecule. UV-Vis study of nanometer thickness layer (100 nm) at wavelength (), the distribution of refractive index is discussed in the framework of the single oscillator Wemple-DiDomenico model and various distribution parameters such as single oscillator energy (Eo), dispersion energy (Ed), refractive index (n(0)), and optical absorption based on absorption edges dielectric constant (e¥) using Miller\u27s rule. The moment of the dielectric constant optical spectrum (M-1, M-3) and energy gap by Wemple-DiDomenico approximation () have been computed, as has non-linear optical susceptibility (), direct energy gap by Tauc relation (), and Urbach energy of the localized states (Eu)
Overview of Control and Monitoring Specification Study to Help Reach Net Zero in the UK for Hydrogen Flow Measurement Network
Get PDFCurrently, environmental damage appears a worldwide issue that affects everyone on the globe. With the goal of a net-zero carbon footprint by the year 2050, many nations have passed legislation, provided aid, and raised both public and private investment to encourage the use of renewable energy sources instead of traditional pathways like fossil fuels. Many other countries have made similar intentions to initiate their journey to an economy with no emissions at all including the UK. The current objective of this study is to review equipment for monitoring techniques and metering which helps to deal with the modern industry to attain net zero emission through the application of hydrogen. Ultrasonic and Coriolis flowmeters have been compared in terms of measurement techniques for hydrogen in the operative system. It has been identified that the petroleum and natural gas industrial sectors are using mass flow monitoring more frequently. Beyond absolute zero and at atmospheric pressures hydrogen becomes liquified. So, it proved essential to have a huge mass flow measuring apparatus having minimal uncertainty and proper and fixed measurement inaccuracy. Moreover, it has been evaluated that Programmable logic controllers are being used to operate the system to create a trustworthy control framework