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Investigating the Impact of Parenting Styles on Empathetic Development
Get PDFWhile empathy is widely held to be a desirable trait, there is disagreement about whether it is primarily an instinctual or learned behavior and, if the latter, how it is fostered. Research on the development of empathy in children suggests that reinforcement and modeling by parents are key contributors to the teaching of prosocial norms. Baumrind (1971) established three distinct parenting styles – authoritative, authoritarian, permissive – that describe varying child-rearing practices. This research considers whether certain parenting styles are associated with levels of empathy in children and young adults via a literature review and a survey distributed to Binghamton Students. The survey collected participants’ demographics and scores from the Baron-Cohen Empathy Quotient (2004) and an adapted version of Buri’s Parental Authority Questionnaire (1991). Further statistical analysis will investigate the possible relationship between parenting style and empathy within social and demographic contexts.https://orb.binghamton.edu/research_days_posters_2024/1140/thumbnail.jp
Pipeline Forest Grid Census Report 2024
Get PDFA forest census completed in the Pipeline Woods is valuable in the context of Binghamton University\u27s Nature Preserve for 3 primary reasons: (1) it creates an inventory of species data to illustrate what encompass our campus forests, (2) it allows us to quantify changing forest dynamics regarding to composition shifts through longitudinal study, (3) we can compare the composition data of our Pipeline Forest Grid to previous census research done in the CIW Forest Grid and work towards an qualitative understanding of why they differ. The survey was completed by identifying trees using their winter traits, using logging tape to measure trunk circumference at breast height (1.35m), and mapping their location within each 10m x10m grid from the North East corner. The three most prevalent tree species in terms of density, basal area, and frequency were sugar maple (Acer saccharum), red maple (Acer rubrum), and white ash (Fraxinus americana).https://orb.binghamton.edu/research_days_posters_2024/1155/thumbnail.jp
Performance Studies of an Axial Flow Waterjet Pump Using an Unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes Model
Get PDFIn this study, an Unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (URANS) model is demonstrated its suitability for studying the flow and performance of open marine propellers and waterjet pumps. First, the accuracy of the URANS model is validated by studying turbulent flow past counter-rotating propellers (CRPs). Specifically, experimental data from Miller (1976) is employed for comparison against the URANS results. Subsequently, URANS is used to study the flow and performance of an Office of Naval Research (ONR) axial flow waterjet pump (AxWJ-2). Due to the large number of degrees of freedom for both simulations, parallel computations over 80 cores are performed. For the CRP study, torque and thrust coefficients are assessed against a range of advance ratios, ensuring a Reynolds number of less than 600,000. For the waterjet, torque and head coefficients are computed for a range of flow rates at a Reynolds number of 1.25 million. For both studies, two levels of mesh resolution are utilized. The finer meshes of both studies contained roughly four times the total number of cells employed in their respective coarser counterparts. These refinements lead to minor improvements, suggesting good grid resolutions with the coarser grids. Across all advance ratios for the CRP set, the URANS torque and thrust coefficients show good agreement with experimental results, remaining within 10% difference. The torque and head coefficients for the waterjet displayed even better agreement, with the greatest error across all flow conditions remaining under 3%. Moreover, URANS studies revealed that the stator is responsible for 20% of the waterjet’s power production
Open Repository @ Binghamton Monthly Additions and Top Downloads - April 2024
Get PDFNewly added work in the Open Repository @ Binghamton (ORB) from 4/1/2024-4/30/2024. Top downloads from same time frame
State-level variation in distribution of oxycodone and opioid-related deaths from 2000 to 2021: an ecological study of ARCOS and CDC WONDER data in the USA
Get PDFObjectives This study aims to characterise oxycodone’s distribution and opioid-related overdoses in the USA by state from 2000 to 2021. Design This is an observational study. Setting More than 80 000 Americans died of an opioid overdose in 2021 as the USA continues to struggle with an opioid crisis. Prescription opioids play a substantial role, introducing patients to opioids and providing a supply of drugs that can be redirected to those seeking to misuse them. Methods The Drug Enforcement Administration annual summary reports from the Automation of Reports and Consolidated Orders System provided weights of oxycodone distributed per state by business type (pharmacies, hospitals and practitioners). Weights were converted to morphine milligram equivalents (MME) per capita and normalised for population. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Wide-ranging ONline Data for Epidemiologic Research provided mortality data for heroin, other opioids, methadone, other synthetic narcotics and other/unspecified narcotics. Results There was a sharp 280.13% increase in total MME/person of oxycodone from 2000 to 2010, followed by a slower 54.34% decrease from 2010 to 2021. Florida (2007–2011), Delaware (2003–2020) and Tennessee (2012–2021) displayed consistent and substantial elevations in combined MME/person compared with other states. In the peak year (2010), there was a 15-fold difference between the highest and lowest states. MME/person from only pharmacies, which constituted \u3e94% of the total, showed similar results. Hospitals in Alaska (2000–2001, 2008, 2010–2021), Colorado (2008–2021) and DC (2000–2011) distributed substantially more MME/person over many years compared with other states. Florida stood out in practitioner-distributed oxycodone, with an elevation of almost 15-fold the average state from 2006 to 2010. Opioid-related deaths increased +806% from 2000 to 2021, largely driven by heroin, other opioids and other synthetic narcotics. Conclusions Oxycodone distribution across the USA showed marked differences between states and business types over time. Investigation of opioid policies in states of interest may provide insight for future actions to mitigate opioid misuse
Office Hours, A Conversation About Their Use and Usefulness
Get PDFThis project aimed to enhance the accessibility and effectiveness of office hours for students. Research commenced during the Spring 2023 semester, followed by periodic adjustments, improvements, and feedback collection spanning through Fall 2023 to Spring 2024. The overarching objective of the extended student-run office hours was to facilitate discussions on degree planning and provide writing assistance, alleviating the need for direct professor engagement. Furthermore, these sessions were designed to assist students in exploring various academic pathways, including majors, minors, and pre-professional tracks, and developing corresponding plans. While student support remained a central focus, the primary aim was to refine office hour practices in the post-pandemic academic landscape. The study\u27s results hold the potential for enhancing office hours across different courses; providing general academic advising; and making resources more accessible to disadvantaged students, including first-generation college students, first-generation American students, and students for whom English is not their first language.https://orb.binghamton.edu/research_days_posters_2024/1010/thumbnail.jp
Effect of Mindfulness on Dietary and Drinking Habits
Get PDFThere is increasing interest in studying the relationship between mindfulness, dietary habits, and drinking habits. The purpose of this study is to assess the effects mindfulness has on dietary and drinking habits. An anonymous online survey was administered through Instagram, Yik Yak, GroupMe and iMessage. The survey included basic demographic questions and questions on self-reported mindfulness status and consumption frequency of alcohol and proper nutrition. Pearsons’s Correlation Analysis was utilized using SPSS version 28.0. The results suggest that mindfulness is closely related to diet quality and alcohol consumption. Further research is needed to analyze if state versus trait mindfulness has a significant effect on either of these health factors.https://orb.binghamton.edu/research_days_posters_2024/1020/thumbnail.jp
Effects of Perfluorooctanoic Acid on Dermal Irritancy in Three Dimensional Skin Constructs
Get PDFIn recent years “forever chemicals” have received much attention for the potential to cause harmful cancers, hormonal damage, and developmental issues. These chemicals can be found in a wide variety of products including clothing, which is particularly concerning as it allows them to come in direct contact with human skin. Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) is among this group and was the primary compound investigated due to its widespread use in clothing. A highly differentiated three dimensional skin model derived from Normal Human Epidermal Keratinocytes (NHEK) was exposed to this chemical at varying time intervals. Dermal irritancy induced by PFOA was evaluated through an MTT-assay, which indicates cellular metabolic activity through a colorimetric assay. It was found that an introduction with these chemicals to the skin constructs reduces metabolic activity. Future trials must be completed to affirm whether the effects of PFOA are consistent in these models across varying exposure lengths.https://orb.binghamton.edu/research_days_posters_2024/1027/thumbnail.jp
No Strings Attached? The Benefits of Conditional Cash Transfers on Child Development vs. a Universal Basic Income
Get PDFUniversal basic income (UBI) has been proposed as a policy to improve child development outcomes. Yet while no widespread UBI program exists, several Latin American countries have adopted conditional cash transfer (CCT). The conditions these programs attach to benefits generally pertain to child care and development, such as requiring school attendance or regular doctor visits. The programs have been successful: research shows that several factors used to measure child development (age-grade distortion, mental health, prospects for further education, etc.) improve in children from families that receive financial assistance. This might suggest that a UBI program would lead to more widespread and dramatic effects. However, a careful review of CCT research shows that improvements in child development are directly related to the required conditions in the CCTs. Countries looking to implement a “no strings attached” UBI to benefit child development might thus consider a more widespread CCT program instead.https://orb.binghamton.edu/research_days_posters_2024/1042/thumbnail.jp
Rapid Increase of Female but not Male Obesity: Analysis of the 2023 Vanuatu Health Transition Project Survey on Aneityum
Get PDFDeveloping nations are undergoing a health transition alongside rapid economic modernization. Vanuatu is experiencing such a transition marked by decreased cases of infectious disease and increased incidence of chronic and non-communicable diseases. Aneityum is a small island in Vanuatu and is behind more developed islands in its transition. This research sought to continue tracking the population health on Aneityum, analyze health differences between sexes, and compare findings to previous data in Vanuatu. In July and August of 2023, adult males [n=41] and females [n=62] were surveyed and had their anthropometric measurements taken. Mean anthropometric measurements continued to be significantly greater among women than men (P-value \u3c 0.05). Women exhibited higher rates of obesity in all metrics, while men remained relatively unchanged. This poster provides valuable insights into the state of Vanuatu\u27s health in its transitional period and a greater understanding of the interplay between sexes and health.https://orb.binghamton.edu/research_days_posters_2024/1044/thumbnail.jp