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The Effect of Aging on the Relationship Between Spatial Relational Memory and Intelligence
Full text linkFluid intelligence, crystalized intelligence, and relational memory are often tied to separate brain processes, but are also correlated with each other. The interaction between these effects, and how they are impacted by aging, has not been fully studied. This study examined interactions between fluid/crystallized intelligence and spatial relational memory for real vs. abstract stimuli. Relational memory was measured via a spatial reconstruction task, and correlated with standardized measures of fluid vs. crystallized intelligence. Spatial memory of abstract objects uniquely correlated with fluid intelligence, while spatial memory for concrete objects uniquely correlated with crystallized intelligence. These data suggest spatial memory is not a unitary process and that performance relies on 1) general hippocampal memory processes and 2) unique prefrontal fluid vs. semantic processes, depending on stimulus type. These data also suggest there may be unique age-related trajectories of Spatial Memory vs. Intelligence depending on the nature of the stimuli.https://orb.binghamton.edu/research_days_posters_2025/1076/thumbnail.jp
Henry George: A Forgotten Forefather of Modern Basic Income
Full text linkWithin the history of Basic Income, Henry George is often viewed as a peripheral figure. Although his works like Progress and Poverty (1879) didn’t focus on cash transfers, a closer reading at his personal correspondences show a surprising support for unconditional cash transfers. As an active political figure in both the UK and the US, his impact on the movement lies in more than just his published works. His efforts in establishing the English Land Restoration League and running for Mayor of New York in 1886 were, at the time, the most impactful and successful attempt at a real implementation of basic income policy and likely inspired the next generation of basic income writers. By comparing George’s works to those of mid 20th century basic income proponents, this paper seeks to recontextualize George as an essential catalyst to the basic income proposals that are often considered in the modern world.https://orb.binghamton.edu/research_days_posters_2025/1089/thumbnail.jp
Incarcerated Youths in Canada and the United States: A Comparative Analysis
Full text linkAre children who commit adult crimes deserving of adult punishments? According to the United Nations, not if it harms their well-being. The U.N.’s primary treaty on children’s rights states that the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC), all state actions, and government institutions involving children must prioritize children’s well-being, safety, health, and protection. Only one U.N. member state, out of 196, has not ratified the CRC: the United States. This is reflected in the U.S.’s juvenile justice system, which has been criticized since the 1980s for harsh sentencing and the incarceration of children in adult facilities. In contrast, Canada’s juvenile justice system emphasizes rehabilitation, restorative justice, and limits severe punishments for offenders. This project will compare juvenile sentencing laws in both countries under the framework of CRC compliance, analyzing the histories of these systems and how their policy differences impact juvenile offenders’ well-being.https://orb.binghamton.edu/research_days_posters_2025/1114/thumbnail.jp
From Facts to Feelings: The Role of Personal Narratives in Solitary Confinement Reform
Full text linkEach year more than 100,000 Americans are isolated from all human contact in solitary confinement cells. While a United Nations report has said solitary confinement may amount to torture and called for it to be banned, except in highly exceptional cases, its use persists in every US state partly because such practices are by definition hidden from the public. One way to convey the reality of solitary confinement for broader publics is through personal narratives and memoirs. This project therefore turns to Albert Woodfox’s Solitary and The Solitary Watch Archive to explore how personal stories may uniquely resonate with the public, prompting both empathy and policy reform. By amplifying the voices of those who have endured solitary confinement, we can cultivate a deeper understanding of its psychological and human costs, ultimately fueling the empathy and legislative action that is needed to end this inhumane practice.https://orb.binghamton.edu/research_days_posters_2025/1116/thumbnail.jp
The AAPI Experience: How Changing Asian-American and Pacific-Islander Populations in America Are Impacted in Healthcare
Full text linkOver the last 20 years, the Asian-American and Pacific-Islander (AAPI) population has steadily increased within the United States. Due to this rapid increase, many systems, including American healthcare systems, have not accommodated this population. Healthcare research within the United States is focused on Chinese and Vietnamese populations due to historical connections with their country of origin. South, Southeast, West Asians, and mixed individuals are not accounted for and are often overlooked. This study focuses on the experiences of all AAPI individuals with their healthcare providers and how their racial background influences these interactions. Hour-long interviews are conducted detailing participant’s relationships with their providers and how their identities are accounted for in their care. Grounded theory is used to code for these interviews. Findings suggest there are differences in treatment based on the ethnic identity of the individual.https://orb.binghamton.edu/research_days_posters_2025/1125/thumbnail.jp
Imputation and k-NN based Haplotype Refinement of Simulated Ancient Mitochondrial Genomes
Full text linkAncient DNA (aDNA) is fragmented and degraded due to post-mortem processes, leading to low coverage and incomplete sequences. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), despite its high copy number, is similarly subject to degradation processes, requiring statistical imputation for whole mtDNA reconstruction. While nuclear genome imputation is well-established, ancient mtDNA imputation remains underexplored. Here, this study benchmarks two mtDNA imputation pipelines—MitoIMP, and a novel pipeline integrating Minimac4’s Hidden Markov Model (HMM) with a k-Nearest Neighbors (k-NN) algorithm. Using the largest mtDNA imputation panel to date (n = 46,000), reconstruction accuracy was tested on 100 simulated ancient mtDNAs (≥0.25X coverage) generated with Gargammel and processed via EAGER (Efficient Ancient Genome Reconstruction). Imputation performance was evaluated using HaploGrep3 haplogroup classifications. The results show that combining a HMM with k-NN refinement significantly improves imputation accuracy, particularly at ultra-low coverage, and increases the likelihood of assigning accurate haplotypes to highly degraded aDNA and forensic DNA samples.https://orb.binghamton.edu/research_days_posters_2025/1139/thumbnail.jp
The Effects of Prenatal Ethanol Exposure on Development and 24-hour Ethanol Consumption During Adolescence
Full text linkPrenatal ethanol exposure (PAE) disrupts normal brain development resulting in behavioral deficits later in life, including a propensity to develop alcohol use disorder. This study investigated the effects of PAE on adolescent drinking patterns, using a single-bottle-choice drinking paradigm in Long Evans rats. PAE was hypothesized to increase 24-hour ethanol consumption. Interestingly, data showed that PAE female rats consumed less ethanol than their non-exposed counterparts, while male rats exhibited no significant differences in ethanol consumption. All female rats consumed higher amounts of ethanol than male rats, regardless of exposure. Additionally, PAE male and female rats had increased average body masses when compared to their age and sex-matched counterparts during early adolescence, though this effect diminished by late adolescence. These findings suggest that PAE influences drinking behavior in a sex and time-dependent manner. Further research is required to understand the mechanisms underlying these sex-dependent differences in ethanol consumption following PAE.https://orb.binghamton.edu/research_days_posters_2025/1140/thumbnail.jp
Friendship vs. Colonialism: Investigating how E.M. Forster uses Empathy in A Passage to India
Full text linkUpon its publication in 1924, E.M. Forster’s A Passage to India was recognized for its insightful and sympathetic portrayal of Anglo-Indian relations. More recently, the novel’s reception has been shaped by postcolonial readings, highlighting its engagement with colonialism, racial tensions, and cultural disparities. The friendship the novel centers around– and ultimately its failure, induced by a rape accusation– serves as a polarizing event for critical interpretations. Is the failure of sympathy in the novel significant in any anticolonial sense, as Zakia Pathak’s criticism argues? Or does it exist as an apolitical distraction as Nirad Chaudhuri implies? Investigating these critiques, this paper bases its argument on Forster’s beliefs about politics and friendship, as stated in his essay “What I Believe”. This paper will posit that the inability of the main characters to forge meaningful friendships across a colonial divide serves as a protest, in it of itself, against the machine of colonialism.https://orb.binghamton.edu/research_days_posters_2025/1144/thumbnail.jp
Qualitative Analysis of Instagram Engagement
Full text linkThe Binghamton University Libraries utilizes its Instagram platform to engage its audience and to share information regarding its resources and services. Current research suggests elements such as color grading, scenic backgrounds, and maintaining a proper online social media presence affect how Instagram users engage with content. However, additional elements such as audience type and how they engage with content may factor into the Libraries’ reach on their platform. This project seeks to identify how the Libraries Instagram platform can maximize engagement based on their audience needs and identified interaction behavior. A literature review determined that a qualitative survey is the best method for this project due to its practicality, quality of responses, and the greatest possibility of reach. Results of the data collected, correlations of the data set, and recommendations based on the findings will be presented via a poster presentation to be used by the Libraries Administration for future implementation.https://orb.binghamton.edu/research_days_posters_2025/1158/thumbnail.jp
The Effect of Diet and Exercise on Mental Distress and Self-Motivation
Full text linkMood and self-motivation are critical components of mental well-being and daily function. Diet and exercise have been shown to influence mood, stress tolerance, and cognitive function. This study analyzes the relationship between diet and exercise on mental distress and self-motivation. An anonymous online survey was administered through Google Forms. A total of 182 individuals completed the survey, which included questions on the frequency and quality of exercise, consumption of specific food groups, mood, and self-motivation. The survey was sent out using social media platforms. Data was analyzed using Pearson’s Correlation Analysis SPSS version 28.0. Results showed a positive correlation between increased processed food consumption, depressed or nervous mood, and lack of motivation (p\u3c0.01). Additionally, there was a negative correlation between the frequency of exercise and the ability to set and accomplish goals (p\u3c0.01). These results suggest that diet modulation can improve motivation and well-being.https://orb.binghamton.edu/research_days_posters_2025/1181/thumbnail.jp