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Open Repository @ Binghamton Monthly Additions and Top Downloads - May 2025
Get PDFNewly added work in the Open Repository @ Binghamton (ORB) from 5/1/2025-5/31/2025. Top downloads from same time frame
HOW FAR-RIGHT POPULISM HARMS ETHNIC MINORITIES’ HEALTH: THE CASE OF THE UNITED STATES
Get PDFPublic health is a political issue, and the health of ethnic minorities is a key component of it. We argue that far-right populism, whether grassroots or elitist, harms the health of immigrants and minorities. Anti-minority attitudes and policies—such as health chauvinism promoted by far-right populists—along with hate rhetoric and ensuing personal and institutional discrimination create a climate of hostility that negatively affects health outcomes in underprivileged communities. We hypothesize that immigrants and ethnic minorities living in such a climate are more likely to experience health problems and underutilize healthcare. To test this, we leverage the significant variation between U.S. states in anti-minority attitudes and support for far-right populist candidates. Using data from the World Values Survey on immigrants’ and ethnic minorities’ status, self-rated health, and the number of foregone necessary doctors’ visits, we find that ethnic minorities in states with strong support for far-right populist presidential candidates and corresponding anti-minority agendas are more likely to report poor health and to forgo necessary healthcare visits
Neurocognitive Resilience in Collegiate Rugby Athletes: A Study of Sex Differences in Eye-Tracking and Reaction Time
Get PDFConcussions and repeated head impacts in sports pose significant risks, with males and females potentially affected differently. Studies show that female athletes experience greater brain changes after repeated impacts despite protective effects from estrogen (Sollmann et al., 2017; Churchill et al., 2021). This study examines differences in reaction time and eye-tracking performance between male and female collegiate rugby players. It is hypothesized that female players will show smaller declines in performance, while males will have slower reaction times. Data were collected before and after the season using eye-tracking tests and reaction time tasks, including drop stick and finger reaction tests. Early data suggest male players generally have slower reaction times than females, consistent with previous findings (Gallagher et al., 2021). This study will analyze pre- and post-season performance to examine gender differences. Future studies will investigate brain matter differences using MRI to strengthen understanding of gender-based resilience to head impacts.https://orb.binghamton.edu/research_days_posters_2025/1026/thumbnail.jp
Evaluating Risk Preferences in GPT Models
Get PDFThe increasing adoption of large language models is significantly impacting decision-making processes, shaping how individuals make informed choices. This study aimed to examine how Generative Pretrained Transformer (GPT) models make decisions under risk compared to the preferences typically observed in humans. This study ran OpenAI’s GPT-3.5 and 4o models through 380 binary choice problems involving a sure option (guaranteed gain or loss) and a gamble with a certain probability of a larger gain or loss. GPT models consistently demonstrated greater risk-seeking behavior in choice problems involving losses, particularly in scenarios where the probability of risk was higher. Differences in model architecture and prior training data may account for the model’s behavior trends. Future research is needed to explore these risk behaviors in a wider range of models to better understand the underlying mechanisms driving decision-making behaviors in large language models.https://orb.binghamton.edu/research_days_posters_2025/1040/thumbnail.jp
Speech Perception and ADHD
Get PDFAttention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder in which individuals exhibit inattention, hyperactivity, and/or impulsivity thereby affecting the overall quality of life. Comprehending speech can become more difficult in the presence of background noise, specifically for individuals with ADHD. Increased difficulty may be due to the distractibility of competing stimuli, their attention deficit can make it challenging to filter out background noise. However, there is little knowledge on available literature in this area, hence the need for the scoping review. The aim of this study is to synthesize literature in the area of speech perception in individuals with ADHD. Search terms included “speech perception” and “ADHD”; 14 studies that met the inclusion criteria were reviewed and data was synthesized. The results showed that individuals with ADHD had more difficulty processing speech in noise compared to typically developing peers. This study helped in identifying the scope for future research.https://orb.binghamton.edu/research_days_posters_2025/1045/thumbnail.jp
Does the Shoe Fit: Welfare Capitalism and Paternalism at Endicott Johnson Shoe Corporation
Get PDFThe Endicott Johnson Shoe Factory (EJ) was one of the most prominent shoe producers in the world between the 1890s and the 1950s. However, EJ was better known for their paternalistic approach to business than their shoes. Corporate paternalism in this case could be classified as a company town, one where amenities such as parks and schools or housing are provided by the company. While the company did provide an abundance of amenities to workers and their families such as healthcare, public parks, and housing, in return it expected loyalty to the company, faith in managers, and avoidance of union organizers. Was this enlightened capitalism or a paternalistic employer trapping workers in a company town? Using local news records, speeches, and oral histories by workers of the company, this paper contributes to an ongoing conversation surrounding corporate paternalism and the possibility of exploitation in welfare capitalism.https://orb.binghamton.edu/research_days_posters_2025/1049/thumbnail.jp
Hong Kong and Xinjiang: Oppression Adapted
Get PDFChina\u27s repression of human rights has been quite notable in recent years, with examples such as the widely publicized Hong Kong protests and the crackdown on Uyghur Muslims in Xinjiang. The repression of democratic freedoms is similar in many ways, but also has key differences, which demonstrate China\u27s ability of adaptation to resistance. In Hong Kong, there was a greater legal approach to repression of democratic rights via the application of the National Security Law (NSL), which annulled the previous standing legal distinction of one country two systems. Xinjiang, on the other hand, has had a much more brutal approach with the implication of concentration camps and detention centers for the Uyghur Muslim population. This paper analyzes the variety of methods adapted by China to curtail resistance movements and protests across populations in Hong Kong. Furthermore, this research looks to address the extreme measures taken to target different populations.https://orb.binghamton.edu/research_days_posters_2025/1051/thumbnail.jp