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Impact of Gut Microbiota on Drug Metabolism and Absorption
Get PDFPurpose of Review: Complex interactions between gut microbiota and various drugs can significantly influence drug phar-macokinetics. We examined recent in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo studies to understand how microbiota directly influences drug metabolism and absorption in order to inform future research and clinical practice. Recent Findings: Considerable progress has been made for multiple drug classes using in vitro anaerobic culturing assays and ex vivo systems with human fecal communities, as well as animal models that have provided insights into both direct microbial metabolism of drugs and indirect host-microbiota interactions via regulation of host enzymes or transporters. However, how these effects impact clinical pharmacokinetics remains poorly defined. Summary: Future progress will depend on the development of experimental and computational tools to integrate microbiota data into pharmacokinetic modeling and drug development. A mechanistic understanding of microbiota-mediated drug metabolism is critical for improving predictions of drug efficacy, safety, and personalized dosing strategies
Sustainability Hub Newsletter - November 2025
Get PDFHappy November Bearcats! In this month’s issue, we share some news on exciting campus projects and seed resources. Also, learn about how to have a sustainable Thanksgiving and different food-saving hacks
Developing an unfolding-incorporated coarse-grained polymer model for fibrinogen to study the mechanical behaviour
Get PDFFibrinogen is a protein found in blood that forms Fibrin polymer network to build a clot during wound healing process when there is a cut in the blood vessel. The fibrin fiber is highly stretchable and shows a complex mechanical properties. The fibrin monomer, Fibrinogen, has a very complex structure which is responsible for its unusual elastic behaviour. In this work, we focus on mechanism of unfolding of D-domain of Fibrinogen, and study its effect in the mechanical behaviour. We develop a coarse-grained (CG) bead-spring model for Fibrinogen which captures the unfolding of folded D-domains along with other necessary structural properties which affect the mechanical behaviour. The results from our unfolding-incorporated coarse-grained polymer (UCGP) model matches with the experimental results. This model has capacity to serve as the minimal unit to build a large-scale hierarchical structure of fibrin fiber and network to possibly unfold the mystery of fibrin\u27s unusual elastic behaviour. This model can also be used for other polymers having folded domains or sacrificial bonds
Preserving First Amendment Values: Social Media and the Harmful Content Test
Get PDFWe live in a world in which the internet is unavoidable. It is used for our everyday tasks (such as sending business emails) and is even used to communicate with other individuals around the world (through messaging services, for example). Another unavoidable aspect of the internet is social media; it is used for communication, news gathering, and engaging in discussion, inter alia. Sometimes, the way individuals use social media is quite aversive. Thus, social media companies have rightfully tried to govern their platforms in a way that attempts to reduce the harm that comes from aversive content. However, social media companies are overly restrictive in the way they govern their platforms, leading to inappropriate and harmful restrictions on the freedom of speech. In this essay, you will find an explanation of First Amendment values and how John Stuart Mill’s marketplace of ideas is the best way to respect First Amendment values. You will also learn about my test to determine whether content is harmful and when it may be permissibly removed from social media, called the Harmful Content Test
Studies to Understand the Stability and Liabilities of Legumain-cleavable Antibody-drug Conjugates
Get PDFAntibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) offer targeted drug delivery of potent cytotoxic payloads, minimizing systemic toxicity. However, the stability of the linker is integral to ensure that there is minimal off-target payload release and little systemic toxicity. This study analyzes the physical and biological stability of our new legumain-cleavable vs traditional cathepsin-cleavable antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), with a focus on hydrophobicity, thermal stability, aggregation, and biological payload release. Our findings indicate that decreased hydrophobicity of the legumain-cleavable ADCs compared to cathepsin-cleavable ADCs is correlated with decreased aggregation (predicting lower uptake by liver macrophages and therefore slower clearance and less systemic toxicity) and lower amounts of off-target payload release (predicting less systemic toxicity). Exatecan ADCs employing the mcGlyAsnAsn(GABA)_Exatecan linker-payload had the greatest amount of stability across the experiments. However, our studies suggest that both legumain-cleavable and cathepsin-cleavable ADCs are susceptible to cleavage by proteases secreted by macrophages present in the tumor microenvironment; legumain-cleavable ADCs offer no improvements in this regard. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into the development of ADCs with enhanced stability and reduced off-target toxicity
The Effect of Diet and Exercise on Mood and Self Motivation
Get PDFEating tyrosine-rich food may promote motivation and mental well-being. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a tyrosine-rich diet in promoting aerobic, strength training, or both forms of exercise and its impact on positive mood among participants. An anonymous online survey was administered through social media. This included basic demographic questions along with questions about diet, exercise, and self-motivation. The data for this study were analyzed using Pearson’s Correlation Analysis in SPSS version 28. The results showed that a negative correlation exists between eating nuts as well as exercising and feeling hopeless (p \u3c 0.05). There was a significant positive correlation between the length of time exercising per session and the ability to set goals for oneself and keep track of progress (p \u3c 0.01). There is a positive correlation between eating a tyrosine-rich diet and exercising with motivation.https://orb.binghamton.edu/research_days_posters_2025/1000/thumbnail.jp
Upstate Socialism: a Story of Homegrown Movements
Get PDFIn 1912 a Socialist was elected mayor of Schenectady. George R. Lunn, a local pastor and reformist leader, rallied the city’s growing working class and rose to power by arguing that the city government could be used to help its citizens. Lunn’s success displayed the rising trend of Socialists being elected to municipal and state governments across the country. However, many Socialist movements in New York, including those in Binghamton and Utica, faced internal pressures and criticism from their local communities, resulting in electoral losses. Drawing on local newspapers from the 1910s alongside census records and archives, this project explores the factors that contributed to the success or failure of the Socialist movement in each of these cities. The resulting podcast strives to improve current understandings of how left-wing movements can succeed, and demonstrate how these lessons could apply to the contemporary progressive movement in the United States.https://orb.binghamton.edu/research_days_posters_2025/1032/thumbnail.jp