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Digital scholarship services on a budget: using open source methods for growth of research sharing
Get PDFThis presentation was at the International Conference of Agricultural Librarians & Users Community (ICALUC-2021), whose theme this year was Management of Knowledge Resource Centres in the Networked Digital Environment: Trends, Challenges, and Opportunities . This conference was held in Bengaluru, India
Emergent Hierarchy Through Conductance-based Degree Constraints
Get PDFThe presence of hierarchy in many real-world networks is not yet fully understood. We observe that complex interaction networks are often coarse-grain models of vast modular networks, where tightly connected subgraphs are agglomerated into nodes for simplicity of representation and computational feasibility. The emergence of hierarchy in such growing complex networks may stem from one particular property of these ignored subgraphs: their graph conductance. Being a quantification of the main bottleneck of flow through the coarse-grain node, this scalar quantity implies a structural limitation and supports the consideration of heterogeneous degree constraints. The internal conductance values of the subgraphs are mapped onto integer degree restrictions, which we call internal bottlenecks, by using inverse cumulative density functions. This leads to a hidden variable model based on the rich-get-richer scheme. It is shown that imposing such restrictions generally leads to an increased measure of hierarchy and alters the tail of the degree distribution in a predictable way. Thus, a mechanism is provided whereby inherent limitations on network flow leads to hierarchical self-organization
Bondarzewia berkeleyi
Get PDFParasitic and saprobic; growing, usually on the base, of hardwoods both alive and dead.This species can be found growing from the summer through the fall in Africa, Asia, Europe and North America. It causes butt rot in the heartwood of the host tree which will eventually cause the wood to to hollow out. The fruiting body of this polypore varies from 25-80 cm across and is composed of one to five individual fronds that narrow at the base. While this species doesn’t have a proper cap and stem, it has branching bodies that meet at its base. Each frond is approximately 6-25 cm wide, irregular or kidney shaped, slightly convex, or flat. It is dry, velvety, and often radially wrinkled or having zones of different colors or textures. They are off-white to tan and do not bruise when damaged. This species’ base is 4-10 cm long, 3-6 cm wide, off-center or centered, and yellowish to light brown in color. Like the fronds, its base is dry, slightly velvety, tough and not bruising. This species has pores that run down the psedostipe, are whitish, not bruising, visible to the eye, angular, 0.5-2 mm across, and have tubes that are approximately one cm deep. This species also has a white spore print and turns yellow to red with KOH. Recently, Bondarzewia berkeleyi was found to contain a partitivirus and a mymonavirus, a novel discovery and the first to be described in this genus (Vainio and Sutela 2020). Additional research on this species is needed to future understand the viruses it hosts. A study done in 2014 proved that this species and Merulius eurocephalus have morphological dissimilarities and are not the same species as was once thought (Kumar and Harsh 2014). Note: This mushroom is very large and realtively uncommon so it was not harvested and cannot be found in this herbarium. ID number: 06.05.01.2021https://orb.binghamton.edu/macrofungi_eastbrookvalley/1022/thumbnail.jp
Hypomyces chrysospermus
Get PDFParasitic on Boletaceae. Found under Tsuga, Acer, and Betula. 8-12 cm. Subiculum white, powdery, fluffy, turning yellow with age, covering pileus, stipe, and hymenium on fully colonized specimens. Inner flesh soft, occasionally displaying guttation. Most host specimens unrecognizable with the exception of one partially colonized Leccinum spp. (pictured). There are 10 recognized species of Boleticolous Hypomyces. The bright yellow coloration of older specimens is consistent with descriptions of H. chrysospermus, but microscopic analysis is required for confirmation of ID (Rogerson and Samuels 1994). H. chrysospermus is the telemorphic stage of this unusual ascomycete, while the anamorphic stage is Sepedonium chrysospermus (Rogerson and Samuels 1989). This distinction represents a vestige of dual nomenclature within mycology (Hawksworth 2011). ID number: 20.23.02.2021https://orb.binghamton.edu/macrofungi_eastbrookvalley/1045/thumbnail.jp
Megacollybia rodmani
Get PDFID number: 22.31.01.2021https://orb.binghamton.edu/macrofungi_eastbrookvalley/1053/thumbnail.jp
Gymnopus dryophilus
Get PDFSaprobic, collected on litter and leaves in both hardwood and softwood dominant forests, as well as on the side of a fallen log. Globally distributed, considered to be widely distributed in North America, found through multiple field sites (Vilgalys and Miller 1983; Vilgalys 1991; Hughes et al. 2010). Cap 1-7.5 cm, convex to flat, smooth, fleshy, ranging from tan to tawny to an occasional russet brown; stipe up to 10cm long, under 1 cm thick but never wiry, annulus and volva absent; gills appearing andexed to free depending on sample age; white spore print. Possible anti-inflammatory uses (Zeb and Lee 2021). One sample was collected from the side of a fallen log, despite the fact that many field guides describe G. dryophilus’s substrate as leaf litter and thoroughly decayed wood exclusively (Kuo 2013; Baroni 2017). Gymnopus dryophilus is sometimes considered to be a species complex due to morphological differences and mating intersterile groups from both North America and Europe (Vilgalys and Miller 1983; Vilgalys 1991; Alfredo et al. 2008). Without microscopic and genetic analysis, the multiple samples found at our field sites could not be identified down to specific variations, however the morphological range of our samples may be indicative of multiple variations within the area. ID number: 24.18.01.2021https://orb.binghamton.edu/macrofungi_eastbrookvalley/1063/thumbnail.jp
Russula fragrantissima
Get PDFID number: 28.39.01.2021https://orb.binghamton.edu/macrofungi_eastbrookvalley/1081/thumbnail.jp
Xylaria polymorpha
Get PDFThis species grows on decaying hardwood as they are saprotrophic and secrete enzymes in order to break down decaying wood into edible portions. Our sample was found growing on decaying hardwood while other clusters appeared to grow terrestrially, most likely on decaying wood buried beneath the topsoil. ¾”- 4” club-shaped fruiting bodies that are initially white in color and become more gray and later black as they mature. This mushroom has a slightly rough and firm texture with an undifferentiated cap and stem. The odor and taste of Xylaria polymorpha is not distinctive. The spores are dark brown or black (Baroni 2017). Extracts from this macrofungi have been found to have antimicrobial activity against bacteria like E. coli, S. aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and others (Hacioglu et al.) Distinction between X. polymorpha and X. longipes or X. schweinitzii requires microscopy. ID number: 36.52.01.2021https://orb.binghamton.edu/macrofungi_eastbrookvalley/1097/thumbnail.jp
Researching Broome County Farmers Markets in the COVID-19 Pandemic
Get PDFThe value of farmers markets has been shown through their contribution to community building by providing consumers with local food and giving farmers direct access to consumers. The direct connection between farmers and consumers can only be found at places like farmers markets. Having values such as the interaction between farmers and consumers and supporting locally grown food makes farmers markets important to their communities. However, the impact of farmers markets in their communities during the COVID-19 pandemic is unclear. By conducting interviews with people closely involved in farmers markets, I aim to find out how farmers markets in the Broome County area have been affected. These interviews will consist of questions targeting the atmosphere of farmers markets before and after the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. Through interviews with public officials, vendors, and market organizers I aim to collect views on the markets from people involved before and during the pandemic to analyze its effects. Findings could range from a noticeable decrease of people involved with farmers markets around the time the pandemic began to continued or increased involvement in farmers markets. Reasons why consumers and vendors felt safe or unsafe at farmers markets, as well as if they felt motivated to attend or not, will be explored to better understand the place of farmers markets in the community and how direct connections have either been valued or discontinued as a result of the pandemic.https://orb.binghamton.edu/research_days_posters_2021/1021/thumbnail.jp