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Electrostatic levitation: an elegant method to control MEMS switching operation
Get PDFThis paper investigates the characteristics of a micro-switch that uses two side electrodes to open a normally closed switch. The side electrodes surround the xed electrode in the well-known gap-closing electrode configuration. The side electrodes can open a closed switch and be tuned to respond appropriately to outside forces. The combined electrode system dramatically improves the control of a standard gap-closing electrode configuration. In conventional switches, a DC voltage above a certain value closes the switch. To re-open the switch, the voltage difference is reduced to peel o the moving electrode. Currently the contact area is carefully designed to avoid stiction, but the degradation over time and stiction forces can cause a permanent failure. In this work, opening occurs by feeding the side electrodes a voltage beyond a certain value that results in a levitation force. Even if the degradation in the surfaces happen, the switch can open by increasing the side voltages. The characteristics of the combined actuation system are thoroughly analyzed and include the static pull-in, static displacement, release voltage, dynamic pull-in, frequency response, and basins of at- traction. The results are validated by the experimental tests. The levitation-based micro-switch improves the system tunability as the sensitivity and switching thresholds can be adjusted
Eight small twist sculptures, various kinds of wood
No full textImage 2 of 3. Eight small ``twist sculptures made from various kinds of wood, completed on April 25, 2021. These were all made from the core wood drilled out of wood blocks that I carved into torus knots. The four smaller pieces are about 2 tall, and the four larger ones are about 3 tall. If you look back at the kinds of wood I used recently to make torus knots, you can probably recognize the kinds of wood these were made of.https://orb.binghamton.edu/mathematical_sculptures/1597/thumbnail.jp
Data to accompany: Keeping it cool to take the heat: Tropical lizards have greater thermal tolerance in habitats with lower ambient temperatures
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Participant Observation of a Broome County Court Arraignment
Get PDFThis piece offers a history of the Broome County Court in downtown Binghamton, NY based on the author\u27s personal observations
Collapse at the Confluence: A Comprehensive Analysis of the Binghamton City School District
Get PDFThis project analyzes student exam scores in the Binghamton City School District (BCSD) in comparison to New York State averages and to the school districts in Troy, Schenectady, Utica, and Niagara Falls. By collecting data from twenty-one different school years, provided by New York State on the New York State Education Data Site (NYSED), we illustrate a clear decline from the state mean in Binghamton’s academic performance that remains in line with the pattern of academic performance in the other four, previously mentioned, school districts. To look at why this is occurring, we collected population data from the U.S. Census Bureau; gathered budgeting and education data from NYSED and the United States Department of Education; and conducted interviews with district leaders to understand factors that influence student achievement. Our analysis reveals a rate of population mobility and a pattern of per-pupil expenditure - within the Binghamton community - that is disproportionately higher when compared to averages at the state level and with some of its peers. Our study indicates that ELA exam scores rise with the increase of expenditures, while math scores do not, and that total expenditures are more impactful than instructional. Research also points to poverty and parent engagement as influential factors on exam scores but is unable to make any definitive correlation. Despite what our interviews suggested would be the case, results do not support population mobility as a determining factor in exam outcomes. Our results suggest that policies that allocate expenditures more effectively, that keep parents involved, and that revise current testing standards when considered in conjunction with our literature review, are the most necessary state education reform for education. Results alone, however, are unable to point to any definitive causes behind BCSD’s underperformance or provide solutions
Outer Surface Protein C Typing of Borrelia burgdorferi in the Tick Populations of the Upper Susquehanna River Basin, New York
Get PDFLyme disease, the most common zoonotic disease in the United States, is caused by the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi. In order to manage and confront the notable rise in Lyme disease cases, it is crucial to cultivate a deeper understanding of B. burgdorferi and its genes. The outer surface protein C (ospC) gene is highly polymorphic and commonly used as a genetic marker due to its crucial role in establishing mammalian infection. We report novel data on the prevalence of B. burgdorferi ospC genotypes in the infected tick populations of the Upper Susquehanna River Basin of New York State. DNA extracted from 266 Ixodes scapularis, the blacklegged ticks, were tested for the presence of ospC gene and the positive samples were subjected to sequencing. The specific ospC genotype was identified for 56 positive samples which were infected with B. burgdorferi representing a single ospC genotype. A total of 12 ospC genotypes were identified in the 56 ticks, with genotypes I, K, and A being the most prevalent across the Upper Susquehanna River Basin with little variation among the six counties. The frequency distribution of ospC variants in this region is significantly different from the few previously studied regions in the Northeast. This research will have implications in the public health sector by providing assessment for Lyme disease risk in the Upper Susquehanna River Basin and insight into strain specific vaccines based on OspC. Further research can be done into the dispersion pattern of B. burgdorferi within the Upper Susquehanna River Basin, while also replicating this study for other regions
Sense of Belonging among Minority Groups at Binghamton University
Get PDFAlthough Binghamton University and institutions alike put forth certain rules and efforts to ensure that students of the LGBTQ+ (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer) community, people of color, and students who are religiously affiliated feel safe, the reality is that many of these students feel unwelcome and different due to their social identities. The aim of this non-experimental study is to investigate if there is a significant difference in sense of belonging among minority groups of undergraduate students who attend Binghamton University, as well as between undergraduate students who self-identify within a minority group, with those who do not. We hypothesize that sense of belonging amongst different minority groups will be lower when compared to the Binghamton University student population that does not self-identify within a minority group. A survey was sent to undergraduate students across the university campus, and inferential statistical analysis was used to compare the means of the different subgroups. We contend that results from this study may highlight how offering various supports for minority students may not be enough to create a sense of belonging within academic institutions and that more research needs to be conducted to have effective safeguards in place.https://orb.binghamton.edu/research_days_posters_2021/1064/thumbnail.jp