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Gender Differences in Children’s Prior Play Experiences as a Predictor of Success in Engineering Tasks
Get PDFStudies have shown that female student’s science and mathematical achievements are consistent with those of their male peers. Nevertheless, women are dramatically underrepresented in STEM professions, with women making up just 12 percent of working engineers. Since it has been found that early exposure to STEM concepts and practice leads to later success in the field, it is important that we understand the differences in engineering skills and levels of interest in young children. This study examines gender differences between young children in multiple measured variables of building tasks at an engineering exhibit in a museum. The sample consists of 68 families, child M age = (5.5 years). In this study researchers asked children to fix a wobbly skyscraper or bridge, and also asked parents to complete a questionnaire regarding their child’s play interests. Children’s attempts at fixing the structures were coded from videotape records at the museum. It is hypothesized that parents will report male children having greater prior experience and interest with engineering games than females, which may predict greater success in the building tasks. We will report results on potential gender differences in children’s prior play experiences and interest as a predictor of success in these building tasks.https://orb.binghamton.edu/research_days_posters_2021/1100/thumbnail.jp
Calling Binghamton Our Home: A Housing Market on the Rise, Leaving Many Behind
Get PDFFor every 100 extremely low-income households in Broome County, New York, there are 17 affordable housing units. This deficit in low-income housing in the City of Binghamton and greater Broome County has been persistent for over 20 years. Despite this, hundreds of units of luxury student housing are constructed each year that are too expensive for low-income households. The question I aim to answer is whether or not the Binghamton low-income housing market is overpriced for its value? I hypothesize that the answer is yes and that the university has dramatically affected the market. Through a series of interviews, I will investigate the Binghamton low-income housing market, specifically how Binghamton University has affected its recent growth. These interviews will be conducted with community leaders, landlords, tenants, and local politicians. I plan to compare the quality of housing units as described by tenants to their listed prices to establish a concept of worth. The impact caused by Binghamton University may be largely due to the plans to expand the university’s student body to twenty thousand. Binghamton is far past the maximum supply level for student housing, although hundreds of new units are built every year. Meanwhile, there is a severe shortage of low-income housing. Contractors know that they can make more money off competing in the over-saturated student housing market rather than the growing low-income housing market. The city has been slow to enact policy to encourage contractors to build affordable housing as these housing projects and the university’s growth bring money to the area.https://orb.binghamton.edu/research_days_posters_2021/1103/thumbnail.jp
The Relationship Between Small Businesses and Gentrification
Get PDFGentrification is a process of displacement of marginalized or lower-class communities to make room for more affluent communities. While gentrification affects many areas of life, such as price of rent and the job market, this research focuses on small business and the effects gentrification has on them. Small businesses on Main Street and the surrounding downtown in Binghamton, NY will be defined and their role in the community will be explored. This research seeks to understand the latest developments in those areas. In the last six years the area has seen a large boom in new small businesses, giving the area a “fresh look”. The area has been made more walkable, removing businesses or landmarks that could be considered “eye sores” or unsavory such as sex stores or dive bars. To address the relationship between small businesses and gentrification, interviews and surveys will be conducted. The interviews will include business owners, consumers and different members of different religious and racial communities, making sure to interview people from lower income communities assumed to be most affected. Surveys will be passed out to participating businesses to distribute to customers. Street surveys will also be conducted both on Main Street and downtown. Street survey questions will be broader pertaining to the area while the store surveys will be geared more towards the specific store and the relationship the customer has with the store. This research will provide insight on the relationship between small businesses and gentrification.https://orb.binghamton.edu/research_days_posters_2021/1003/thumbnail.jp
The Deleterious Consequences of Pakistani Patriarchy: Sex Trafficking
Get PDFSexism courses pervasively through every legal and cultural system humanity is subject to, and thus sex trafficking is not unscathed by the ravages of misogyny. At the core of this crime exists a fundamental issue: pervasive patriarchal and traditional gender roles. Sex trafficking relies on the foundational perception of women as objectified and dehumanized sex objects. Therefore, countries that prioritize women in domestic roles are more likely to source trafficking. Research corroborates this claim, arguing that less developed, wealthy, and politically stable countries often serve as source countries. Thus, despite no legal restrictions against Pakistani women, a rigid conservative culture exposes them to risk of trafficking. Further, international attempts to address trafficking maintain binary and exclusive conceptions of it, often failing to recognize the nuance of these issues. My research intends to address how cultural values, which predominantly prioritize women in traditional domestic roles, fuel sex trafficking, especially the “mail order bride” industry. My research question seeks to address what are the different cultural roles and expectations of women in Pakistan? How do those roles and expectations relate to the public and legal discourse around sex trafficking? Do traditional gender roles increase the likelihood of sex trafficking? To answer these questions, I am researching legal and cultural obstacles that increase the likelihood of sex trafficking, including nuanced scholarly articles that address patriarchy in traditional communities. Despite the reality that legal restrictions against women are declining, cultural and social norms often serve as deciders. Thus, only through actively combating both cultural and legal obstacles will women at last be free from the relentless and suffocating burden of the patriarchy.https://orb.binghamton.edu/research_days_posters_2021/1037/thumbnail.jp
Creative Learning During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Get PDFCreativity is the ability to produce or develop original work or ideas (APA Dictionary of Psychology, n.d.). Since creativity is a highly prized quality in virtually all aspects of life in the United States (Spencer, 2019), from the professional setting and social circles to leisure activities and daily chores, Yesit is important to foster creative learning environments for children and young adults. The purpose of this study, Creative Learning During the COVID-19 Pandemic, is to examine Binghamton University students’ self-perceived creativity levels in various types of learning environments during the pandemic. An online Qualtrics survey of forty-two questions was designed using relevant items from the questionnaire, KEYS: Assessing the Climate for Creativity (Amabile, 1996), along with questions geared to obtain demographic information. We hypothesize that undergraduate students who have an educational environment closest to an in-person class, whether that be all in-person or hybrid learning, have a better view towards their self-perceived creativity over students who have all online classes. The implications behind examining the potential repercussions to young adults’ creativity during the transitory period of undergraduate education, especially in the midst of a global pandemic, includes gaining insight into the positive and negative outcomes different COVID-19 learning environments have on students.https://orb.binghamton.edu/research_days_posters_2021/1045/thumbnail.jp
Environmental Archaeology in Recent Contexts: Migration, Scale, and Landscapes
Get PDFEnvironmental archaeology is a diverse field of study focused on understanding the complexity of human ecological relationships. Environmental archaeologists use a wide range of approaches to examine human-ecosystem interactions, including zooarchaeology, paleoethnobotany, geomorphology, archaeomalacology, and geochemistry, among others. Human-environment interactions, and research in environmental archaeology, occurs at many scales, from local to global. This is particularly true for environmental archaeological research from the past few hundred years as human environmental impacts became increasingly far-reaching and global in scale. The last 500 years has been particularly significant for human-ecosystem relationships as a result of the global movement of human populations, the accompanying translocation of alien species and exploitation practices, and the harnessing of energy to enact unprecedented changes in global ecosystems functioning. Recent approaches to human-environment interactions also recognize that human landscapes and ecosystems are inseparable from cultural and political processes and meanings. Human landscapes and land-use practices hold a mirror to human worldviews regarding the separability or inseparability of humans and the natural world, and, indeed, our relationships to one another
Skill Downgrading Among Refugees and Economic Immigrants in Germany: Evidence from the Syrian Refugee Crisis
Get PDFUpon arrival to a new country, many immigrants face job downgrading, a phenomenon describing workers being in jobs below the ones they have based on the skills they possess. Moreover, in the presence of downgrading immigrants receiving lower wage returns to the same skills compared to natives. The level of downgrading could depend on the immigrant type and numerous other factors. This study examines the determinants of skill downgrading among two types of immigrants – refugees and economic immigrants – in the German labor markets between 1984 and 2018. We find that refugees downgrade more than economic immigrants, and this discrepancy between the two groups persists over time. We show that language skill improvements exert a strong influence on subsequent labor market outcomes of both groups
Amanita frostiana
Get PDFOur specimens were found growing in hemlock pine duff; in hardwood and coniferous forests; range widespread but most common in Northeastern USA and Southeastern Canada; June to September; scattered. Cap begins as hemispheric and becomes more convex and eventually flat as mushroom ages; cap color ranging from bright yellow to bright orange with white, yellow, or orange warts; gills free, white to cream-colored, close to crowded; stipe pale to bright yellow with white to pale yellow volva at base; white to bright yellow universal veil. The distribution of this species is widespread and potentially global. Sanmee et. al. reports that a specimen of A. frostiana was found in Thailand in 1962, but argues that that specimen was in fact the morphologically similar A. rubrovolvata (Sanmee 2008). Further research is required to determine the phylogenetic relationship between the two species and their respective distributions. We are fairly certain that our specimens are A. frostiana, but it is possible that some or all of our specimens are in fact the morphologically similar A. flavoconia. A. frostiana possesses a whiter stipe and a lined cap margin as well as a more persistent volva. Spores of A. frostiana produce a negative amyloid reaction when exposed to Melzer\u27s reagent, an iodine solution used in fungi identification (Leonard 2006). Melzer’s reagent can be used to distinguish the two species, as A. flavoconia has amyloid spores, but this test requires microscopy to complete, which was not something we had access to during this study. ID number: 02.01.02.2021https://orb.binghamton.edu/macrofungi_eastbrookvalley/1003/thumbnail.jp
Amanita rubescens var. alba
Get PDFThis species grows in mycorrhizal relation with various hardwoods and conifers, especially oaks. These specimens were found growing under hemlock, Tsuga canadensis. Distributed throughout the northeast United States. Found growing between early summer through fall, our specimens were collected in late July. Tall and lanky stems between 5-15 cm tall and 1-2 cm wide. Caps are convex, flattening with age and slightly sticky. Caps are white to cream colored with flushes of pink or red with age. Warts on cap vary from whitish-yellow to greyish-brown with a rough texture. This species has white free gills that discolor red with age and are close or crowded. A distinctive feature of this species is its volva, partial veil, and universal veil. It’s volva is white with grey discoloration at the base of the stem. The partial veil, or ring, resides at the top of the stem just below the cap and is thin and flaky. Reminets of its universal veil can be seen by the warts atop the cap. Taxonomy in this genus is difficult and problematic, especially with white Amanitas such as Amanita rubescens, because multiple species are morphologically similar and hard to distinguish (B.D. 2018). The European version of Amanita rubescens var. alba, Amanita rubescens f. alba, was found for the first time in Greece in 2004 and is considered rare, while the North American version found in this study is common (Delivorias 2011). Molecular research is necessary in order to understand whether or not these sub-species are morphologically indistinguishable, or just similar. While it is not possible to be fully confident in our identification of this fungus at the subspecies level without microscopy, our taxonomic understanding of this group remains at a higher resolution than most specimens observed. ID number: 02.01.05.2021https://orb.binghamton.edu/macrofungi_eastbrookvalley/1008/thumbnail.jp