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Tobacco and Nicotine Use in the Perinatal Period: A Postpartum Video Intervention
Get PDFTobacco use causes over 500,000 deaths annually in the United States, with additional morbidity and mortality associated with second-hand exposure. Although some women quit antenatally, most resume within one year. Previous research depicted that women want information and support to quit and health care providers need tools to assist them. The purpose of this pilot study was to determine the effectiveness of an educational video in improving the knowledge and self-efficacy of women postnatally in a hospital setting regarding nicotine use. A pre-post-test design measured differences in knowledge and self-efficacy after viewing the video. Women were recruited during their postpartum hospital stay. Participants completed the 23 item PTABS survey via smartphone before and after viewing the video. There were 27 participants; 13 reported use of nicotine products in their lifetime; 5 were current smokers, and one each reported use of hookah or vape products. The majority (81%) had an increased risk of nicotine exposure from their personal history, household, or family/friends. Two survey items showed an increase in knowledge regarding risks of asthma (p= 0.042) and learning problems (p= 0.021) for children exposed postnatally (N=23). All participants agreed or strongly agreed that the video was helpful. This study suggests that women who do not admit to current use still need assessment and educational interventions related to nicotine products. Results indicated that our intervention had a positive impact on participants’ knowledge. Further research is needed using a larger sample to examine the effect on self-efficacy.https://orb.binghamton.edu/research_days_posters_2022/1077/thumbnail.jp
Writing as a Worthless Pursuit : An Interrogation of Writing under Capitalism
Get PDFWriting is often branded as a “worthless pursuit” because of its supposed lack of social impact and profitability. Throughout the writing process, including the stages of idea conception, construction, and sale, writers must contend with economic considerations that not only reinforce the capitalist evaluation of writing as a futile activity whose success is contingent upon being able to recoup “lost time” but also erode the writer’s self-agency in dictating their ideas. Capitalist publishing forces, including the corporations involved in traditional print forms of publishing as well as pioneers of digital self-publishing such as Amazon, intentionally set conditions for publication that prevent writers from earning a living compensation. A lack of funding for libraries and for writing grants further contributes to a wider issue of cultural degeneracy and monolithic cultural consumption. I seek to prove that conditions set by publishing entities as well as the various capitalist considerations under which an author works constitute a lack of self-determination and an eventual subsumption of writing products into a wider profit-oriented system. I evaluate the efficacy of certain solutions, including a universal basic income (UBI) and an increase in patronage of independent non-profit presses. Greater awareness of the exploitative methods used by the publishing industry as well as a greater appreciation for the cultural impact of writing is critical to support present and future writers.https://orb.binghamton.edu/research_days_posters_2022/1082/thumbnail.jp
Unhealthy Lifestyle Behaviors and Dietary Patterns Lead to Mental Distress?: An Analysis of Mental Distress Through Diet and Lifestyle Behaviors
Get PDFResearch has identified several relationships between diet, mental distress, and healthy lifestyle behaviors. One particularly popular diet type in America is the Western diet, which is filled with many processed and high sugar foods. This study examined the Western diet, and various more nutritious diets and their effect on participants\u27 mental distress as well as their lifestyle behaviors. The experiment utilized an anonymous survey consisting of questions relating to diet, mental distress and lifestyle choices. A survey was released to a mid-sized northeastern university. Various college aged students from the university (N=161) and students from other universities (N=27) completed the survey. The survey was conducted to participants through several social media outlets, and also over text messages. Various questions from the survey were analyzed, such as (1) “In the past 7 days, how many times did you eat breakfast?” and (2) “In the last month, how often have you felt confident about your ability to handle your personal problems?”. Survey results were analyzed using SPSS version 25.0. Results indicated there is a positive correlation between healthy dietary patterns and healthy lifestyle behaviors and a negative correlation between healthy dietary patterns and mental distress. Results supported that hypothesis that various types of nutrient dense food led to decreased feelings of depression and hopelessness. Results support that healthy lifestyle behaviors and healthy dietary patterns improve overall health and decrease mental distress. It is recommended to increase sample size to further study and understand these relationships.https://orb.binghamton.edu/research_days_posters_2022/1109/thumbnail.jp
Bioterrorism: A Largely Unrecognized 21st Century Threat
Get PDFBioterrorism—the intentional release of harmful biological agents to generate illness or death in others—is no new phenomenon. This piece aims not to fearmonger, nor to create distrust toward governments; instead, its goal is to raise awareness of the potential danger of bioterrorism and to potentially spark action in greater preparation for such events. Bioterrorism is a momentous issue that does not deserve to be overlooked—for the sake of the future. In the 14th century BC, the Hittites performed what is considered by many to be the first act of bioterrorism. Following the Hittites were countless more examples of this type of attack, including the Mongols in 1347, the 2001 Amerithrax attacks, and several in between. An analysis of these events through scholarly literature, journals, and legal documents reveals persisting efforts to employ sickness to hurt individuals; to deliberately impose adverse effects on desired targets. Taking into consideration the ongoing trend of developing technology in modern society, techniques utilized to control pathogens will only be heightened; systems for handling and spreading these microbes will operate more rapidly and stealthily. By examining past instances of bioterrorism, along with its development, it becomes clear that its peril only grows. Important questions addressed in this research are, but are not limited to: how bioterrorism has developed, why it can be so consequential, and why it is necessary to identify it as a legitimate threat.https://orb.binghamton.edu/research_days_posters_2022/1113/thumbnail.jp
What Factors Affect Adherence to COVID-19 Misinformation?
Get PDFAdherence to misinformation has been a rising issue throughout the past couple of years, and COVID-19 is the best opportunity at the moment to try and make the possible factors affecting it quantifiable. My research project revolves around the relationship between adherence to COVID-19 misinformation and other influences within one’s life. These factors include socioeconomic status, age, political orientation, exposure to COVID-19 (either of oneself or a loved one), and area of residence (urban or rural). I will distribute a survey that 1) screens the reader on these factors and 2) asks the reader multiple-choice questions assessing their adherence to COVID-19 misinformation, their answers to which will then be used to convert their adherence to misinformation into a numerical score. These results could give us as a country a whole new understanding of misinformation as a phenomenon, thereby giving us necessary tools to combat it in the modern age. Does a higher socioeconomic status mean that one is likely to be better educated, or are the rich instead disconnected from the lives of the common folk? Are the youth more discerning of misinformation or are they the most vulnerable to it? How does personal experience affect one’s view on the given subject matter? This survey can help answer all of these questions and more, and this is important because we can’t expect to solve a problem such as the spread of misinformation without first understanding what makes it tick.https://orb.binghamton.edu/research_days_posters_2022/1123/thumbnail.jp
Disappearance of High Incidence Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Parkinsonism Dementia in the Western Pacific: Clues to their Etiology
Get PDFAmyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) and Parkinsonism Dementia (PD) are two important neurodegenerative disorders that exhibited extremely high incidence rates within 3 foci of the Western Pacific: the Kii Peninsula of Japan, the Auyu and Jakai speaking people of Western New Guinea, and the Chamorros of Guam in the Mariana Islands. ALS is caused by a degradation of the motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord leading to a progressive weakness and atrophy of skeletal muscles. Patients with PD exhibit slowness of motor activity, disturbances in gait and a loss of cognitive function. From the latter half of the 20th century, reported incidence rates of ALS and PD in these foci were hundreds and even a thousand times greater than the incidence rates in the United States and elsewhere globally. Our epidemiological analysis demonstrates that the high incidence of ALS and PD in these foci has dramatically declined and was accompanied by an older patient age of onset alongside a change in the male to female sex ratio from more than 2:1 to near unity today. Having occurred within families of first degree relatives, the declination was thought to have been due to unknown genetic factors. However, increasing modernization and shifts in lifestyle and cultural practices suggest the causal factors are likely environmental. This study will detail our epidemiological findings, and summarize the ecological and experimental data in support of two long- standing environmental hypotheses involving candidate neurotoxins as a cause of ALS and PD in these foci.https://orb.binghamton.edu/research_days_posters_2022/1136/thumbnail.jp
Amanita frostiana
Get PDFID number: 02.01.02.2022https://orb.binghamton.edu/macrofungi_eastbrookvalley/1004/thumbnail.jp
Boletinellus merulioides
Get PDFContested ecology, growing gregariously. Fruiting summer through fall. Widely distributed in Eastern North America. Cap 5-20 cm wide, irregular cap, wavy margins, ochre to reddish-brown, tacky when wet and leathery when dry. Pores yellow, irregularly shaped with cross-veins, staining slowly blue then reddening over time. Stem 2-4 cm, off-center, same color as cap. Boletinellus merulioides is known for forming plentiful sclerotia in the Eastern region of North America (Cotter and Miller 1985). When germinated, the sclerotia collected in the forest formed mycelial colonies that had the same characteristics as colonies formed from sporocarps (Cotter and Miller 1985). This fungus was historically presumed to be ectomycorrhizal, however its primary host tree, Fraxinus americana, forms vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal connections, which was assumed to preclude ectomycorrhizal relationships (Nuhn 2016). Research from 1987 suggested a mutualistic relationship with the aphid Prociphilus fraxinifolii (Brundrett and Kendrick 1987); recent isotopic field analysis confirmed ECM relationships between B. merulioides and F. americana, but could not rule out honeydew from P. fraxinifolii as a potential carbon source (Nuhn 2016). ID number: 05.60.01.2022https://orb.binghamton.edu/macrofungi_eastbrookvalley/1021/thumbnail.jp
Cantharellus spp.
Get PDFID number: 41.61.02.2022https://orb.binghamton.edu/macrofungi_eastbrookvalley/1024/thumbnail.jp
