Kwara State University Journals
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A Legal Analysis of Irregular Migration and the Effects on Host Countries
Get PDFThis article conducts a detailed analysis of irregular migration and its legal ramifications on host countries. Delving into the multifaceted nature of the issue, it explores the strain on social services, labour market dynamics, and cultural integration challenges faced by host communities, drawing insights from real-world examples in France, the United States, and Italy. Examining the legal and policy frameworks, the article emphasizes the importance of international cooperation and collaborative efforts in managing migration flows. Hence, this paper, while adopting analytical research methodology, painstakingly seeks to strike the balance between legal ramifications of irregular migration on host countries without tampering with Human rights of the immigrants. Thus, provide insights for the development of effective, just, and sustainable solutions for host countries grappling with the intricate challenges posed by irregular migration. The proposed recommendations encompass understanding migration scales through statistics, leveraging existing legal structures, prioritizing human rights, balancing border control with economic realities, investing in diplomacy, promoting public awareness, and implementing robust monitoring mechanisms.
An Appraisal of the Legal Framework for the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments and International Arbitral Awards in Nigeria
No full textThe judgment of a forum court is practically worthless in another jurisdiction, except it is recognised by the court of the foreign jurisdiction. In a bid to circumvent the challenges that this may pose, international businessmen, the world over, now resort to arbitration to settle their disputes, but paradoxically the arbitral process including the award depends on national legal orders for their validity and effectiveness. Another dimension to the challenge, becomes apparent when enforcement is sought against the properties of State counter-parties. The study which was based on a doctrinal research methodology, interrogated the extant laws in Nigeria, and it was observed that foreign judgments, foreign and international awards are enforceable in Nigeria based on both statutory and treaty regimes. Unlike foreign judgment which depends on the principle of reciprocity and comity enshrined in domestic conflict of laws which is fraught with procedural uncertainties, arbitral awards are covered by treaty regimes, and therefore enhances certainty and predictability of enforcement. The United Nations Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards (1958), and the International Convention on the Settlement of Investment Disputes between States and Nationals of other State (1965), are instructive in that regard. However, enforcement in that context, is characterised by a regime of information asymmetry, as between both jurisdictions, which can open the flood gate for abuse. A policy and legislative framework, is therefore required to bridge the gap, and create a system of authentication of foreign judgment and arbitral awards, beside the extant provision for minimal judicial review.
International Humanitarian Law and a Realistic Approach to Understanding the Rights and Privileges of Volunteers under the Technical Aid Corps in Nigeria
Get PDFDespite working in challenging conditions, Nigerian Technical Aid Corps (TAC) volunteers do not have a firm awareness of their rights and privileges. The humanitarian group has provided aid to victims of armed conflicts, including refugees, internally displaced people, prisoners of war, and victims of other violent incidents such as natural disasters, flooding, earthquakes, typhoons, hurricanes, and fire outbreaks, to mention but a few. Humanitarian organisations play unmatched roles in providing aid to those in need during armed crises. In light of the aforementioned, this article offers insight into the distinctive function played by TAC, especially in light of the increase in violent incidents and internal crises as well as the escalating complexity of the requirements of the impacted communities.
High-speed reverse converter (HISPREC) for improving reliability in wireless sensor networks
Get PDFDue to the growth of information technology, there is a tremendous increase in demand for network connectivity by individuals and organisations, thereby making network security more worrisome than ever. An intrusion detection system is one of the security solutions employed to protect network-based information systems from unauthorised access or information misuse. Data mining and machine learning techniques are important fields of study that have been applied to the area of intrusion detection domain with different classification algorithms due to their ability to learn from a very large amount of data. However, identification of an appropriate and efficient technique and algorithms for building an intrusion detection system remains an increasing challenge. This study focuses on evaluating the performance of five well-known classification algorithms: Decision Tree, Naive Bayes, C4.5, K – Nearest Neighbour, and ID3, on a popular intrusion detection benchmark dataset (KDD). The result of the evaluation shows that K-nearest neighbour outperformed other algorithms with high accuracy of 99.97%, a low error rate of 0.03, and fast building time of 0.07 seconds which demonstrate its appropriateness for efficient intrusion detection system
Influence of thermal ageing on the microstructural and mechanical characteristics of banana stem particles reinforced aluminium-alloy matrix composites
Get PDFThe influence of thermal ageing on the microstructural and mechanical characteristics of banana stem particles (BSp) reinforced aluminium-alloy matrix composites was investigated. Sand casting was used to produce the composites, comprising aluminium alloy matrix reinforced with BSp of varying weight ratio of 0 wt. %, 1 wt. %, 3 wt. %, 4 wt. %, 5 wt. % and 6 wt. % were thoroughly mixed. Test samples for mechanical characterisation were prepared from the sand cast (6 mm diameter by 125 mm rods for tensile test). Thermal ageing was done for 2 hours (hrs) at 350 0C. The composites were evaluated for tensile, modulus of elasticity, hardness, and microstructural characteristics. The thermally aged samples demonstrated greater tensile strength and toughness as the concentration of BSp increased up to 5 wt. % in the composite in comparison with the as-cast samples. The greatest characteristics were demonstrated at 5 wt. % BSp concentration. Lower hardness was demonstrated by the as-cast samples in comparison with the aged-hardened samples. There was 5 wt. % BSp concentration in the alloy enhanced thermal ageing. These indicate that greater mechanical characteristics of the composites can be obtained by thermal ageing
Contextual Beliefs in Online Political Cartoons on President Buhari
Get PDFCartoons, be it political or comic stripes, have been famed for addressing issues using multi-resources, given the spatial limitations. Cartoonists thus bear the crucial responsibility of effectively conveying their intended messages within the affordances of these constraints. Serving as a form of social commentary, cartoons skillfully tackle weighty societal issues in a subtle yet incisive manner, leaving no ambiguity regarding their targets and messages. This study delves into the pragmatic strategies employed by cartoonists to conceptualize and craft their cartoons, aiming to achieve their communicative objectives. For data, 20 cartoons focused on President Buhari and his handling of various political and economic matters were purposefully selected and analyzed. Drawing upon Odebunmi‘s Contextual Beliefs Theory and Kecskes\u27s dynamic model of meaning, the analysis highlights the reliance of cartoonists on shared beliefs as a pragmatic resource in their creative process. The study also explores how the background knowledge of both cartoonists and readers, alongside societal conventions and shared assumptions, converge to ensure the communicative efficacy of this medium. The findings underscore the influence of socio-political and economic realities on the shared knowledge depicted in the cartoons. Moreover, the deliberate selection of certain lexical items is noted for its reliance on the communal common ground shared by both the subjects and viewers of the cartoons. In conclusion, contextual beliefs play a pivotal role in elucidating the communicative intentions of cartoonists and unpacking the nuanced meanings within cartoons, given their dynamic nature
Ethical Implications and Legal Void in Cloud Seeding as a War Strategy
No full textCloud seeding, a technology that manipulates rainfall patterns, presents a potential military advantage in the 21st century. However, its use in warfare raises serious ethical and legal concerns. This paper looks into the moral complexities of weaponising cloud seeding. It analyses the environmental threats posed by manipulating weather systems, the potential harm to civilians caught in engineered storms, and the disruption it could cause to delicate ecosystems. The paper further exposes the inadequate legal framework surrounding this technology. Existing treaties like the Environmental Modification Convention (ENMOD) and the Hague Conventions have loopholes that leave room for debate on their application. Additionally, regulations vary greatly between countries, highlighting the need for a unified global approach to cloud seeding.To address these gaps, the paper proposes a comprehensive legal framework. It suggests strengthening existing treaties, reinterpreting international law with a focus on environmental protection, and even creating a new treaty specifically outlawing military cloud seeding. Ultimately, the paper emphasises the crucial role of international cooperation and responsible governance. It argues that cloud seeding should be used for peaceful purposes, such as managing droughts or floods. Only through international collaboration can we ensure that this technology serves humanity and does not end up as a tool for war.
Evaluation of the antioxidant potentials of fruit peels extract
Get PDFThis study evaluates the antioxidant potentials of sweet orange, shaddock and lemon peel extracts as an alternative source of synthetic antioxidants like butylatedhydroxyanisole (BHA), butylatedhydroxytoluene (BHT) and tertiary butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ) often used in food industries to enhance the oxidative stability of food products. The peels of ripe sweet orange, shaddock and lemon fruits were oven-dried and extracted using a standard method. The qualitative and quantitative phytochemical contents, radical scavenging activities and 1,1 – diphenyl 2- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) abilities of sweet orange peel extract (SOPE), shaddock peel extract (SHPE), and lemon peel extract (LMPE) were also evaluated. Phenolic compounds, steroids, flavonoids, coumarins triterpenes and alkaloids were found in SOPE, SHPE and LMPE. While phlobatannin, anthocyanin and amino acid were observed to be absent in SOPE, SHPE and LMPE. SOPE contains more steroids (34.43 mg/100g), flavonoids (161.82 mg/100g), terpenoids (17.09 mg/100g), triterpenes (128.27μg/100g) and alkaloids (32.44 mg/100g) than SHPE and LMPE. SHPE contains more phenolics (26.76 mg/100g) than SOPE and LMPE while LMPE contains more tannins (1.74 mg/100g), coumarins (18.15 μg/100g) than SOPE and SHPE. The study showed that SOPE, SHPE and LMPEcontain useful natural antioxidants that can serve as alternative preservative agents and antioxidants to butylatedhydroxyanisole (BHA), a synthetic antioxidant
Investigation of Nigerian kaolinite clays as additives in fire retardant formulations
Get PDFIn this work, kaolin clay from two deposits were characterized for material properties using X-ray diffraction analysis, X-ray florescence analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy and fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy, in order to determine their suitability as additives in intumescing paints. Results indicated that compared to Kankara clay, Darazo clay has more crystalline kaolinite. Based on this, Darazo clay appeared more thermally stable, releasing less water of dehydroxylation. Kankara clay appeared less thermally stable producing consistent endothermic reaction that continuously drew heat away from the wood surface, creating a thermal plateau. The clays appeared to have no effect on the intumescent action. However, their high residual masses of over 90% reduced the total amount of fuel available at the flame front, thereby reducing flammability. At the end of the 10 minutes fire test, and using 11 wt% addition of both Kankara and Darazo clays, the reduction in backside temperature for Kankara is 13.6% while that of Darazo is 7.7%. The hybrid formulation gave the highest cooling effect at 20.56% temperature reduction compared to the control. All the coated boards recorded lower percent mass loss compared to the uncoated wood. Therefore, Nigerian kaolins have potential to serve as additives in fire retardant paints