Kwara State University Journals
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ANALYSING THE SUITABILITY OF THE INVESTMENT AND SECURITIES ACT, 2025 FOR NIGERIAN COOPERATIVES’ CAPITAL MARKET PARTICIPATIONS
Get PDFThere has been considerable growth in the awareness of Nigerians about the purpose and relevance of the capital markets to modern economics and their daily lives. There is visibly increase in the participation of Nigerians in business activities associated with the Nigerian capital markets. Identified actor individuals, and registered companies, and a relatively new entrant, the Nigerian cooperatives societies. Some of these activities have been in strict adherence to the enabling laws, while some others run fouls of enabling legislation. The Nigerian cooperative movement has since been confined to a quagmire in the circumstance, the gravamen being questions around the legality or otherwise of cooperatives participation in the Nigerian capital markets. The study adopts doctrinal method of legal research via analytical review of the relevant legislation. The analysed legislations include the Nigerian Investment and Securities Act, 2025; the Nigerian Cooperative Societies Act, 2004; the Companies and Allied Matters Act, 2020; and the Cooperative Development Act, 2004. The study finds that in Nigeria, the cooperative identity is currently paraded by societies lawfully registered as cooperatives and those unregistered as cooperatives; that there is no legislation that expressly prohibits the participation of cooperatives in the capital markets; and that there is no legislation that expressly enables cooperatives to participate in the capital markets; (d) some of the lawfully registered cooperative societies are unaware of the capital markets, while those aware are very cautious albeit reluctant to embrace it. the study finds further that there is an atmosphere of uncertainty about the intersection of cooperatives and the Nigerian capital market. The study proffer pragmatic recommendation with a view to remedy the identified deficiencies with insightful proposals to optimally harness inherent potential
ASSESSMENT OF THE LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK FOR ELECTRICITY GOVERNANCE AND CONSUMER PROTECTION IN NIGERIA
Get PDFConstant electricity power supply is a major requirement for economic development of any country as it earns a high premium in enhancing the quality of life of the citizens. Over the years, Nigerians have endured electricity outages, notwithstanding attempts by successive administrations to regulate the power sector. Electricity supply has been underwhelming, with national grid breakdowns and system shutdowns becoming the new normal. The players in the sector have not been able to meet the nation’s growing demand for electricity for decades. Adopting the doctrinal research methodology, this article argued that despite Nigeria’s seeming abundance of natural resources, the country’s power sector is fraught with challenges, such as high tariff, inadequate consumer protection, financial incapacity, deficient regulatory framework, inadequate infrastructure, etc. The article also argued that the potential for economic growth is strictly inhibited by unreliable electricity supply, due to the gap between demand and supply. It found that most electricity consumers, particularly the low incomed are not conscious of their legal rights and the available mechanisms for redress. It also found that the Electricity Act (EA) 2023 aimed to arouse measures to improve power generation, transmission, and distribution capacity of the relevant players in the electricity industry, as well as provide for up-to-date standards in fast-tracking power generation by broadening the power sector to embrace renewable energy sources for sustainable energy transition. The article concluded that despite the provisions of the EA for facilitating public, private partnerships (PPPs), there is still the need for further improvements in the regulation to tackle Nigeria\u27s tenacious electricity issues that supports the country’s economy outside oil and industrial sector
OPTIMIZING CONTRACTUAL CERTAINTY: A CRITICAL EXAMINATION OF EFFECTIVE CONTRACT DRAFTING PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICES IN ENSURING ENFORCEABILITY AND MINIMIZING DISPUTES
Get PDFThis article examines effective contract drafting principles and practices, focusing on clarity, enforceability, and dispute minimisation. Through critical analysis and comparative jurisdictional approaches, key elements of effective contract drafting are identified, including clarity, precision, and plain language. The findings suggest that clear, enforceable contracts minimise disputes, promote trust, and enhance contractual certainty
MORALITY AND JUSTICE IN SEXUAL OFFENCES: A COMPARISON OF COMMON LAW AND SHARIA
Get PDFThe tension between morality and accountability in relation to the treatment of sexual offences forms the central discussion of this article. Despite continued reforms, both Common Law and Sharia systems continue to manifest gender based assumptions that seek to limit the protection of the victims of sexual violence. This article reassesses the conceptualisation of sexual offences in these legal traditions, especially rape and zina bil-jabr, by examining how their normative frameworks promote or prevent gender equity. It employs a comparative doctrinal methodology to analyse statutory developments, judicial decisions, and scholarly discourse in evaluating the relationship between morality and legal responsibility. Drawing from Musa Usman Abubakar’s re-examination of rape under Islamic law and Shaheen Sardar Ali’s contextual feminist analysis of Islamic jurisprudence, the article will seek to expose both systems’ historical tendency to link female chastity to evidential credibility and, by so doing, perpetuate biased standards of accountability. The findings reveal that as Sharia continues to complicate proof and prosecution of sexual offences by conflating moral sin (zina) with coercive crime (zina bil-jabr), the Common Law has evolved towards a consent-based definition of sexual offences. The article recommends that Islamic legal principles be interpreted in a more gender-sensitive manner to reflect the maqaṣid al-sharia. But both systems must integrate restorative justice models. It concludes that to safeguard the dignity and sanctity of the human person across both traditions, both must reconcile moral order with legal accountability
Selected soil properties as influenced by cropping system and sampling depths in Igboora, Nigeria
Get PDFABSTRACT
The influence of cropping systems on some selected soil properties was studied at Igboora, Oyo State, Nigeria. The cropping systems evaluated included monocropping, intercropping, and uncultivated land as control. Soil samples were collected from each of these cropping systems at two depths (0-20 cm and 20-40 cm) with four replications. Data collected were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the means separated using the Least Significant Difference (LSD) at 5% level of probability. The physico-chemical characteristics of the soil considered were significantly different among various cropping systems and soil sampling depth. The sand fraction of the soils decreased with soil depth while silt and clay fraction increased with soil depth. Except N, all other chemical characteristics of the soil (pH, OC and K) were highest in uncultivated cropping land. The values were 6.51, 1.7 % and 0.33 cmol kg-1 for pH, OC and K, respectively. However, available P was highest (4.93 mg kg-1) in monocropping. In addition, all chemical characteristics (OC, pH, N, P and K) were observed to decrease with soil sampling depth. This study concluded that both cropping systems and sampling depth affects the soil properties in the area.
Meat quality of West African Dwarf goat fed with cultivated African herbs
No full text This study investigated the effects of feeding West African Dwarf goats with selected herbs (Scent leaf, Indian gooseberry and Wild lettuce). Twenty goats in five treatments of four each were fed hygienically at approved experimental site. The goat meat samples obtained were labeled thus: T1 (no herbs included in feed), T2 (goat fed with scent leaf), T3 (goat fed with Indian gooseberry), T4 (goat fed with wild lettuce) and T5 (goat fed with combination of scent leaf, Indian gooseberry and wild lettuce). The samples were evaluated for texture profiling, total protein, Malondialdehyde (MDA), colour profile characteristics and sensory properties. The sensory properties result of the samples indicated commendable ratings for all the evaluated properties. Also, T2, T4 and T5 were tender than other goat meat samples, with total protein (TP) and Malondialdehyde (MDA) of the goat meat samples increasing with longer storage periods. Furthermore, T2 and T3 had the best lightness (L*), redness (a*) and yellowness intensity (b*) while T5 had the best overall sensory ratings. In conclusion, West African Dwarf goat fed with combination of Scent leaf, Indian gooseberry and Wild lettuce (sample T5) was the best in terms of textural and sensory properties.
Survey of medicinal plants used for treatment of rheumatism, arthritis and boils in Moro local government area of Kwara State
Get PDF Inflammation is one of the common symptoms associated with many diseases affecting people worldwide. Plants remain important sources of first-aids and herbal treatments for disease management, particularly among rural population. This study aimed to document medicinal plants used for the treatment of inflammatory conditions, such as rheumatism, arthritis and boils, in Moro Local Government Area, Kwara State. A survey was conducted among residents of six villages: Oloru, Elemere, Gbugudu, Asomu, Malete and Oloko Tuntun to identify the medicinal used for these conditions. Semi structured questionnaire was used to collect information from respondents. Data were obtained from sixty-six (66) respondents. Thirty-eight (38) recipes were documented for rheumatism, twenty-four (24) for arthritis and four (4) for boils, involving a total of fifty-nine (59) plants species belonging to forty (40) families. The Fabaceae, Anacardiaceae and Apocynaceae families were the most represented, while the most frequently utilized plant parts were leaves, followed by roots and stem barks. This survey serves as a compendium of medicinal plants used in the treatment of rheumatism, arthritis and boils in the six villages of Moro Local Government Area of Kwara State.
Fracture toughness, flexural, and compressive properties of Delonix regia pod-eggshell particle reinforced virgin low-density polyethylene nanocomposites
Get PDF The valorisation of environmental and agricultural wastes for the development of smart and hygienic cities has attracted increasing research attention. This study investigated the production of biocomposites using virgin low-density polyethylene as a matrix reinforced with eggshell, Delonix regia pod and their hybrid particles. The developed composites were evaluated structurally and mechanically. Results obtained reveal an interaction between the low-density polyethylene molecules and reinforcement particles causing formation of new compounds as confirmed by the X-ray diffraction analysis. Enhancements in the fracture toughness, flexural and compressive properties are attributed to the detected new compounds that improve the load bearing capacity of the composites. However, maximum fracture toughness and flexural strength were noted at 4% eggshell particle additions to the low-density polyethylene while the maximum compressive strength was affirmed at 2% eggshell particle addition. The developed materials have a potential application in engineering structures and biomedicine for bone replacement when the obtained properties are compared with properties of materials currently used in the identified areas.
LEGAL ANALYSIS OF FOOD FRAUD AND ELDERLY CONSUMER PROTECTION IN NIGERIA
Get PDFFood fraud has emerged as a critical concern, particularly affecting the vulnerable elderly population in Nigeria. This article examines the effectiveness of legislative frameworks including the National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC), the Federal Competition and Consumer Protection Commission (FCCPC), and the National Policy on Ageing (2021) in protecting elderly consumers from fraudulent food practices. The research employs a mixed-methods approach combining legal document analysis, thematic review of reported food fraud cases and qualitative assessment of enforcement mechanisms. The study surveyed 1,250 elderly consumers (aged 65+) across six geopolitical zones of Nigeria, with stratified sampling ensuring representation from both urban centres (60%) and rural communities (40%). Additionally, 45 in-depth interviews were conducted with regulatory officials across Lagos, Abuja, Kano, and Enugu. The findings reveal a 30% increase in food fraud incidents over the past four years, with elderly consumers being twice as likely to fall victim compared to the general population due to factors like diminished sensory capabilities, fixed incomes, reduced digital literacy, and age-related health conditions. The research supports the need for enhanced mechanisms, improved coordination between regulatory bodies and targeted protection measures for elderly consumers.
ADMISSIBILITY OF FORENSIC ACCOUNTING EVIDENCE UNDER THE NIGERIAN EVIDENCE ACT 2011: A LEGAL APPRAISAL
Get PDFThis article provides a critical appraisal of the admissibility of forensic accounting evidence under the Nigerian Evidence Act 2011. It situates forensic accounting as an indispensable tool in the prosecution of economic and financial crimes, while interrogating how such evidence is received and evaluated in Nigerian courts. The discussion begins with a doctrinal analysis of the relevant statutory framework, particularly sections 68 and 84 of the Evidence Act, which govern expert opinion and electronic evidence respectively. Judicial interpretation of these provisions is examined through leading decisions, including EFCC v Orji Uzor Kalu and Akingbola v FRN, which illustrate the judiciary’s cautious and sometimes restrictive approach to forensic testimony. Beyond statutory provisions, the article emphasises the centrality of procedural requirements in determining admissibility and probative value. These include the qualifications and duties of expert witnesses, the preservation of an unbroken chain of custody, and the certification and authentication of electronic records, as codified under section 84(4). Nigerian courts, as seen in Abdullahi v State, have repeatedly underscored the principle that expert witnesses owe their primary duty to the court rather than to the parties that engage them. Empirical insights drawn from interviews with judges and practitioners further reveal recurring challenges, such as weak technical capacity, poor compliance with reporting standards, and failures in maintaining evidentiary integrity. Comparative perspectives are drawn from the United States, where the Daubert standard provides a structured framework for assessing expert reliability, and from the United Kingdom, where the Ikarian Reefer principles guide the duties and independence of expert witnesses. These frameworks expose the gaps in Nigeria’s evidentiary system, particularly the absence of codified standards for expert evidence. The article concludes that while forensic accounting evidence is increasingly relevant in complex financial litigation, its admissibility and weight remain undermined by procedural defects, judicial scepticism, and inconsistent application of statutory safeguards. To address these gaps, the article recommends judicial training, reform of evidentiary rules, adoption of structured admissibility tests, and accreditation of forensic experts. Such reforms are essential to strengthen the credibility, probative value, and judicial acceptance of forensic accounting evidence within Nigeria’s legal system