International Journal of Integrative Dental and Medical Sciences
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29 research outputs found
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Epigenetic Alterations in Carcinogenesis: Role of DNA Methylation and Histone Modifications
No full textEpigenetic alterations, particularly DNA methylation and histone modifications, play a crucial role in the initiation, progression, and metastasis of cancer. Unlike genetic mutations, which involve changes in the DNA sequence, epigenetic modifications are reversible and can be influenced by environmental factors, lifestyle, and age. DNA methylation, the addition of a methyl group to the 5’ position of cytosine residues, typically leads to gene silencing and has been associated with the inactivation of tumor suppressor genes. On the other hand, histone modifications, including acetylation, methylation, and phosphorylation, influence chromatin structure and gene expression. These modifications can either promote or inhibit the expression of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, depending on the specific modification and context. This paper reviews the roles of DNA methylation and histone modifications in carcinogenesis, exploring their impact on gene expression regulation, tumor progression, and potential for therapeutic intervention. A comprehensive understanding of these epigenetic mechanisms may open new avenues for early detection, targeted therapy, and the development of epigenetic drugs in cancer treatment
Minimally Invasive Techniques in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
No full textMinimally invasive techniques have transformed the field of oral and maxillofacial surgery by reducing surgical trauma, enhancing precision, and improving patient-centered outcomes. These approaches aim to achieve optimal therapeutic results while minimizing tissue damage, postoperative pain, complications, and recovery time. Advances in imaging, instrumentation, endoscopic assistance, and digital planning have expanded the scope of minimally invasive procedures in the management of dentoalveolar conditions, maxillofacial trauma, temporomandibular joint disorders, and reconstructive surgery. This manuscript provides a comprehensive overview of minimally invasive techniques in oral and maxillofacial surgery, highlighting their principles, clinical applications, benefits, limitations, and future directions. The integration of these techniques into routine practice represents a significant step toward safer, more efficient, and patientfriendly surgical care
Dietary Polyphenols and their Protective Role Against Carcinogenesis
No full textDietary polyphenols, a diverse group of bioactive compounds found in fruits, vegetables, grains, and beverages like tea and wine, have gained considerable attention for their potential to prevent cancer. This paper explores the protective role of polyphenols against carcinogenesis, examining their mechanisms of action, including antioxidant activity, modulation of cell signaling pathways, regulation of gene expression, and inhibition of inflammation. Through a review of experimental studies and clinical trials, the research highlights how polyphenols can interfere with various stages of cancer development, such as initiation, promotion, and progression. The paper further discusses the bioavailability and metabolism of polyphenols, which may influence their efficacy in cancer prevention. Despite challenges in translating preclinical findings into clinical practice, the existing evidence supports the notion that a polyphenol-rich diet may reduce the risk of certain types of cancer
Oncogenic Signaling Pathways in Tumor Progression: An Update on PI3K/AKT/MTOR and MAPK axis
No full textOncogenic signaling pathways play a crucial role in the initiation, progression, and metastasis of various cancers. Among these, the PI3K/AKT/mTOR and MAPK signaling axes are frequently implicated in tumorigenesis and are considered key drivers of tumor cell survival, proliferation, and resistance to therapy. The PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway regulates cellular processes such as growth, metabolism, and survival, while the MAPK pathway, comprising multiple kinases like ERK, JNK, and p38, is involved in cell differentiation, migration, and stress responses. Dysregulation of these pathways often results in uncontrolled cellular proliferation and metastasis. Recent advances in understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying these signaling pathways have led to the development of targeted therapies aimed at inhibiting specific components within these pathways. This paper provides a comprehensive update on the role of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR and MAPK axes in tumor progression, focusing on their molecular interactions, functional implications in cancer, and the emerging therapeutic strategies targeting these pathways. Understanding these signaling networks is critical for developing more effective treatments for cancer patients
Aesthetic Rehabilitation with Direct Composite Veneering using single shade composite resin: A Case Report
No full textTooth wear is defined as the loss of dental hard tissues caused by non-carious factors, including attrition, abrasion, and erosion, and may present as localised or generalised defects. The 2017 European expert consensus recommends delaying indirect restorative procedures and prioritising minimally invasive, additive approaches. Direct composite veneers represent a conservative and effective option for managing tooth wear, particularly in young patients, individuals with healthy dentition, or those with financial limitations. This case report describes a minimally invasive technique for the management of tooth wear associated with dental erosion and caries using single-shade direct composite veneers, demonstrating functional and aesthetic rehabilitation while preserving tooth structure
Single-Shade Universal Composites in Restorative Dentistry: A Review of Omnichroma
No full textThe emergence of single-shade universal resin composites marks a paradigm shift in restorative dentistry, simplifying the complex and error-prone process of colour matching. OMNICHROMA (Tokuyama Dental) is the foremost product in this category, employing a sophisticated "Smart Chromatic Technology" based on structural colouration rather than traditional pigment inclusion. This comprehensive review synthesizes recent in vitro and clinical evidence, focusing on OMNICHROMA\u27s unique mechanism, optical performance, clinical efficacy, and physical properties, including surface roughness and repair bond strength. Literature confirms OMNICHROMA’s superior blending effect, leading to excellent visual colour matching across the VITA classical range, often comparable to dedicated multi-shade composites. While instrumental colour measurements sometimes exceed perceptibility thresholds for specific optimal shades, the material\u27s strong chameleon effect ensures high visual acceptability and patient satisfaction, confirming its clinical reliability in both anterior and posterior restorations. Furthermore, OMNICHROMA demonstrates comparable resistance to aging effects and successful repairability when appropriate surface conditioning is utilized, solidifying its position as a reliable, time-saving aesthetic solution
Transforming Oral Healthcare Through AI: A White Paper on SwaLife Oral Disease Diagnosis
No full textArtificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly transforming healthcare by enabling early detection, accurate diagnosis, and personalized treatment planning. In dentistry, AI-driven technologies are emerging as powerful tools forimproving the diagnosis and management of oral diseases. This white paper presents SwaLife Oral Disease Diagnosis, an AI-enabled platform designed to enhance oral healthcare through intelligent analysis of clinical data, dental images, and patient-specific information. By integrating machine learning algorithms with dental expertise, the system supports early identification of oral pathologies, risk assessment, and decision support for clinicians. The application of AI in oral disease diagnosis has the potential to improve diagnostic accuracy, reduce variability, optimize clinical workflows, and promote preventive care. This white paper highlights the role of AI-powered solutions in advancing precision dentistry and shaping the future of oral healthcare delivery
Phytochemicals in Traditional Medicine: A Modern Approach to Evidence-Based Herbal Therapies
No full textMonkeypox (Mpox), a zoonotic disease caused by the Monkeypox virus (MPXV), has reemerged as a significant global public health challenge. Historically endemic to Central and West Africa, its spread to non-endemic regions during the 2022 outbreak underscored the need for innovative therapeutic and preventive strategies. Traditional Mpox management has relied on repurposed smallpox antivirals and vaccines, such as Tecovirimat and Jynneos, but challenges persist in terms of drug resistance, accessibility, affordability, and vaccine hesitancy. Recent advancements include the development of nextgeneration antivirals, monoclonal antibodies, immunomodulatory therapies, and host-targeted treatments. Emerging technologies like CRISPR gene editing, nanomedicine, and artificial intelligence-driven drug discovery are poised to revolutionize Mpox treatment, offering precision-targeted interventions and enhanced outcomes. Furthermore, public health strategies inspired by smallpox eradication highlight the importance of equitable vaccine distribution, robust surveillance, and international collaboration. Addressing current challenges while leveraging these advancements holds promise for reducing Mpox\u27s burden and preventing future outbreaks. Achieving global eradication will require sustained investment in innovative science, healthcare infrastructure, and global health policies
Advances in Maxillofacial Trauma Management and Rehabilitation
No full textMaxillofacial trauma represents a significant clinical challenge due to its complex anatomical involvement, functional implications, and psychosocial impact on patients. Injuries to the facial skeleton and associated soft tissues often result from road traffic accidents, interpersonal violence, falls, and sports-related incidents. Advances in maxillofacial trauma management have led to improved diagnostic accuracy, surgical precision, and rehabilitation outcomes. This manuscript provides a comprehensive overview of contemporary advances in the assessment, management, and rehabilitation of maxillofacial trauma. Emphasis is placed on modern imaging techniques, surgical approaches, fixation systems, multidisciplinary care, and rehabilitative strategies aimed at restoring function, esthetics, and quality of life. The integration of innovative technologies and patient-centered rehabilitation protocols has significantly enhanced clinical outcomes and long-term recovery in maxillofacial trauma patients
Psychological Well-Being and Oral Health: The Role of Dentistry in Comprehensive Healthcare
No full textOral health plays a crucial role in overall well-being, influencing both physical and psychological health. Poor oral hygiene and dental diseases are not only linked to systemic health conditions but also significantly impact an individual\u27s self-esteem, social interactions, and mental health. This paper explores the intricate relationship between psychological well-being and oral health, emphasizing the role of dentistry in comprehensive healthcare. The study highlights how dental conditions such as tooth loss, malocclusion, and periodontal diseases contribute to stress, anxiety, and depression. Furthermore, it examines the psychological effects of dental treatments and aesthetic dentistry in restoring confidence and improving quality of life. Through a review of current literature and clinical studies, this research underscores the need for an integrated healthcare approach where dentistry collaborates with mental health professionals to provide holistic patient care. By addressing both the physical and psychological aspects of oral health, dentistry can play a transformative role in enhancing overall health outcomes. The study concludes with recommendations for interdisciplinary strategies to bridge the gap between oral health and mental well-being, advocating for policies that promote awareness, accessibility, and mental health support in dental care settings