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Elucidating karyological and agro-morphological characteristics of Vicia cassia boiss. and V. aintabensis Boiss. & Hausskn
No full text<p>This study aimed to determine the karyological characteristics, DNA content, and agro-morphological plant characteristics of Vicia cassia Boiss. and Vicia aintabensis Boiss. & Hausskn. collected from natural flora of Turkiye. The results were also compared with those of Vicia sativa. The main stem length, the numbers of main stem branches per plant, the number of leaves of main stem, the number of leaflets per leaf, the number of grains per pod, the pod width and length as well as thousand seed weight characteristics showed significant variation across the species, with the exception of 50% inflorescences (p < 0.4987) and natural plant heights (p < 0.3276). Karyotype formulas of Vicia cassia, V. aintabensis and V. sativa were determined as 2n = 2x = 14 = 3 m + 1t(sat) + 1sm + 2t, 2n = 2x = 14 = 1sm + 4st + 2t, and 2n = 2x = 12 = 5st + 1 m, respectively. The genome size of V. aintabensis (17,227.47 Mbp) was 5.26 and 5.01 times larger than V. cassia (3273.85 Mbp) and V. sativa (3435.22 Mpb), respectively. The importance of the karyomorphological data was also evaluated with the morphological evidences.</p>
Upcycling commercial nut byproducts for food, nutraceutical, and pharmaceutical applications: A comprehensive review
No full text<p>This article presents a comprehensive overview of upcycling commercial nut byproducts (such as Brazil nut, cashew, hazelnut, macadamia, peanut (also known as a legume), pecan, pine nut, pistachio, and walnut) for food, nutraceutical, and pharmaceutical applications. Upcycling nut byproducts, namely husk/hull, hard shell, brown skin, defatted flour/meal/cake, pine cone, cashew nut shell liquid, cashew apple, walnut septum, and dreg/ okara, has great potential, not only to reduce/minimise waste, but also to fit within the circular economy concept. Each byproduct has its own unique functional properties, which can bring significant value. These byproducts can be used as value-added ingredients to promote better health and well-being, due to their rich sources of diverse bioactive components/phytochemicals, polysaccharides, fibre, lignin, prebiotics, oils, proteins, bioactive peptides, minerals, and vitamins, among other components. This comprehensive review provides a basis for future research and development of product applications for nut byproducts. More studies are needed on novel product development to valorise nut byproducts.</p>
A novel Co/Zn-ferrite molecularly imprinted polymer-based electrochemical assay for sensing of gallic acid in plant extracts, wine, and herbal supplement
No full text<p>In this study, a new molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP)-based sensor platform was developed for the electrochemical determination of gallic acid (GAL) in plant extracts, wine, and herbal supplements. Gallic acid is known for its natural antioxidant properties, which play an important role in preventing cell deterioration that can lead to various diseases. In addition, gallic acid has therapeutic potential due to its anticancer, antiinflammatory, antimicrobial, and neuroprotective properties. Accurate analysis of gallic acid in complex matrices, in mixed samples where different components coexist, is necessary to evaluate the efficacy and safety of this compound. Cobalt ferrite-zinc-dihydro caffeic acid (CFO_Zn_DHCA) nanoparticles, sphere-like in shape and 5 +/- 1 nm in size, were incorporated into the MIP-based electrochemical sensor design to enhance the active surface area and porosity of the glassy carbon electrode (GCE) surface. The functional monomer chosen for this study was aminophenyl boronic acid (3-APBA). In the GAL/CFO_Zn_DHCA/3-APBA@MIP-GCE sensor, which was developed using photopolymerization (PP), 3-APBA as a functional monomer was designed, and obtained in the presence of basic monomer (HEMA), cross-linker (EGDMA), and initiator (2-hydroxy-2-methyl propiophenone) by keeping it under a UV lamp at 365 nm. It aims to detect GAL in real samples such as Punica granatum (pomegranate) peel, Camellia sinensis (green and black tea leaves), wine, and herbal supplements. Morphological and electrochemical characterizations of the designed GAL/CFO_Zn_DHCA/3-APBA@MIP-GCE sensor were carried out using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), cyclic voltammetry (CV), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The linear range for the determination of GAL using the indirect method (5.0 mM [Fe(CN)(6)]-(3/-4)) was found to be 1.0 x 10(-13) M-1.0 x 10(-12) M, and the limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) for standard solutions were calculated as 1.29 x 10(-14) and 4.29 x 10(-14) M, respectively. As a result of the study, the developed MIP-based electrochemical sensor was suitable for detecting GAL with high specificity, selectivity, and sensitivity. Recovery studies were performed to determine the practical applicability of the sensor, and the results were satisfactory. This innovative sensor platform stands out as a reliable and sensitive analytical tool for determining GAL.</p>
Elastomeric and Conductive Nerve Conduits From Poly(Glycerol-Sebacate)/Carbon Nanofibers (PGS/CNFs)
No full text<p>Many patients suffer from peripheral nerve injury, which can impair their quality of life. Restoring nerve tissue is difficult due to the low ability of nerves to regenerate. Nerve conduits are designed to help peripheral nerve regeneration by providing a scaffold that can match the tissue characteristics, facilitate cellular activities, and be easily implanted. In order to provide a nerve conduit having scaffolding properties, conductance cytocompatibility, we have investigated the potential of channeled structures made of poly (glycerol-sebacate) (PGS) elastomer containing carbon nanofibers (CNFs) in the regeneration of nerve tissue. The first step was to synthesize PGS elastomer and tune its properties to match the nerve tissue. Then, a carbon dioxide laser was used to create micro channels on the elastomer surface for guiding nerve cells. The PGS elastomer was blended with carbon nanofiber (CNF), which was functionalized to bond with the elastomer, to form a conductive structure. The constructs were investigated in terms of cell behavior using PC12 and S42 cell lines. A statistically significant increase in cell proliferation was observed in both cell lines. It was found that the cells began to grow along the canal in places. In terms of elasticity, conductance and cell response, these constructs may be a potential candidate for nerve tissue engineering.</p>
Therapeutic use of fisetin and pirfenidone combination in bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in adult male albino rats
No full text<p>Pulmonary fibrosis is an important health problem; one of the drugs used in its treatment is pirfenidone (PFD). Fisetin (FST) is a flavonoid with antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and antifibrotic effects. The aim of this study was to induce PF in rats with bleomycin (BLM) and to investigate the combined effect of PFD and FST in the treatment of fibrosis. In the study, 40 male Wistar rats were divided into five groups (n = 8). Sham group was administered saline on day 0 and BLM (5 mg/kg, i.t.) was administered to the other groups; BLM + PFD group: PFD (50 mg/kg) was administered every day between the first and 15th days; BLM + FST group: FST (25 mg/kg) was administered between the first and 15th days; BLM + PFD + FST group: PFD (50 mg/kg) and FST (25 mg/kg) were administered by gavage every day between the first and 15th days. At the end of the 15th day, BAL was performed under anaesthesia and lung tissues were removed. Histopathological, biochemical, and RT-PCR analyses were performed in the lung tissue. In our study, the concomitant use of FST and PFD caused downregulation of NF-kappa B p65, TGF-beta 1, and alpha-SMA expressions; downregulation of TIMP-1, MMP-2, and MMP-9 genes; downregulation of HYP, MPO, and MDA activity; decrease in the number of differential cells in BAL; and upregulation of GSH. This shows that FST and PFD have antifibrotic, antioxidative, and anti-inflammatory effects. Our results show that the combined use of PFD and FST in BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis reduces extracellular matrix accumulation, downregulates the level of gelatinases and their inhibitors, and provides significant improvements in antioxidative defence parameters.</p>
Calculation of the Gaunt coefficients over real spherical harmonics
No full text<p>The Gaunt coefficients are numerical coefficients that describe the interaction between two different angular momentum quantum states. In the quantum physics, this interaction affects the energy levels and structures of atoms and molecules. The calculation of Gaunt coefficients plays a significant role in molecular integral evaluations, which emerge from the solving Schr & ouml;dinger equation. This work presents the analytical evaluation methods for the Gaunt coefficients using real spherical harmonics and associated Legendre functions. In this paper, the general integral form of the Gaunt coefficients is written in two main parts as polar and azimuthal integrals. The new analytical relations and symmetry properties are generated for these integrals. The analytical expressions are obtained in terms of the beta functions, and these coefficients are calculated for different atomic orbitals of angular momentum using the Mathematica programming language. The obtained numerical results are compared with the values in the literature and we found completely agreement to 15 digits.</p>
Effects of microstructure on the fatigue crack initiation and propagation behavior of 7075 aluminum alloy
No full text<p>Fatigue crack initiation and propagation behaviors of high-strength 7075 Al alloy were fully investigated in this study. Fatigue cracks mainly initiated from hard and brittle Fe-rich particulates that are randomly distributed at grain boundary (GB) and within the grains. Dislocations cannot pass through those particulates, resulting in dislocation accumulation and stress concentration at the particulate/matrix interfaces. When the stress concentration reaches a critical value, local cracking of micrometer-sized large particulates induced crack propagation. The branching and deflection of fatigue cracks are influenced by grain orientation, GBs and particulates. When the crack tip extends at a small angle from a grain close to (101) orientation across the GB to another grain with a significantly different orientation, the cracks tend to deflect at GBs. Particulates with microcracks enhance the strain release nearby the crack tip and promote crack deflection and branching to some extent. Furthermore, the branching direction of cracks within a grain is generally consistent with the projection direction of the maximum slip plane. This study provides valuable insights for the development of high-strength 7075 Al alloys with resistance to fatigue crack initiation and propagation.</p>
Türkiye's International Experience in Sustainable Urban Regeneration
No full text<p>This paper systematically explores Türkiye’s pathways for sustainable urban renewal amid frequent seismic disasters,focusing on institutional innovations and practical challenges driven by earthquake risks. With the National Urban Renewal StrategyDocument (2019) as its foundational framework, Türkiye has established a two-phase approach of “area identification and implementationadvancement”. It designates renewal zones through specialized legislation and innovatively employs a “reserved construction area” modelto balance resettlement needs with land development. At the implementation level, three distribution models have emerged: contractbasedconstruction, shared construction, and mixed construction. Case studies illustrate that: Istanbul’s Maltepe district adopted a realestate compensation agreement model based on individual units; Bağcılar district fell into a deadlock over consensus due to historicalpreservation and fragmented property rights, underscoring the complexity of coordinating multiple stakeholders; and Üsküdar district aimsto build a sustainable, safe, and high-quality urban environment. Türkiye’s national urban renewal strategy articulates clear outcomes,objectives, standards, methods, and roles for urban renewal, offering valuable insights for China’s urban renewal efforts.</p>
Developing An Individual Disaster Preparedness ScaleFor Teachers
No full text<p>This study aimed to contribute to disaster research and educational security planning by developing a scale that assesses teachers' individual disaster preparedness. After the 38-item pool formed by the deductive method was subjected to surface and content validity, a draft questionnaire form was created with the remaining 35 items and tested with a pilot study. For the validity and reliability analyses of the scale, a questionnaire was administered to 726 participants, who were determined by convenience sampling method from permanent status teachers working in public schools providing primary and secondary education in two provinces (Bayburt and Gümüşhane) located in the north-east of Turkey, by face-to-face interview method. As a result of the exploratory factor analysis conducted for construct validity, seven factors with eigenvalues above 1, explaining 69.117% of the total variance, were identified. Confirmatory factor analysis was performed to verify the structure, and at this stage, nine items were removed from the scale, and analysis was performed again. General goodness of fit values: χ²/sd=3.063, GFI=0.919, AGFI =0.897, CFI=0.950, NFI=0.928 and RMSEA=0.053. Standardized factor loadings ranged between 0.541 and 0.999. The overall Alpha value of the scale is 0.865. As a result of the master validity test, it was determined that the scale met the convergent and divergent validity conditions. The final version of the scale was a psychometrically appropriate measurement tool for the teachers in the sample. </p>
Unveiling Resistance Mechanisms to Fusarium Wilt Through Transcriptome Analysis between Cicer arietinum and Cicer reticulatum
No full text<p>Developing resistant chickpea varieties is crucial for combating <em>Fusarium</em> wilt, caused by <em>Fusarium oxysporum</em>, a disease leading to chickpea yield loss. Our transcriptome analysis revealed gene expression changes in resistant and sensitive genotypes of <em>C. arietinum L</em>. and <em>C. reticulatum</em> chickpeas upon <em>Foc</em>0 inoculation. RNA sequencing revealed that sensitive genotypes exhibited a significantly higher number of differential expressions. Genes for defense were activated in all plants upon infection. However, resistant plants specifically upregulate genes acting outside the cell while downregulating internal functions, unlike sensitive plants. Sensitive chickpea plants showed a preference for specific isoforms of 6 genes compared to resistant ones. These genes encode E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase, plastid-lipid-associated protein 11, callose synthase 5-like, enoyl-acyl-carrier-protein reductase, and cell division cycle-associated protein 7-like.Notably, a gene linked to leaf rust resistance (LOC101515334) also exhibited isoform switching. These findings shed light on chickpea Fusarium wilt resistance and open doors for breeding-resistant varieties.</p>