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Madness and Revolution: The Impact of Radicalism on the Treason Trial of James Hadfield
Get PDFThe insanity defense is a doctrine in the criminal law which excuses from punishment defendants who commit crimes as the result of serious mental illness. However, the sorts of mental illness that qualify for the defense, as well as the causal connection required between the illness and the act, have varied widely across Anglo-American legal history. This thesis argues that historians have not sufficiently considered the role that radicalism and social unrest have played in shaping the defense, and explores the 1800 treason trial of James Hadfield for the attempted assassination of King George III, where government fears of the French Revolution and associated English radicals helped to reshape the insanity defense
Deciphering Fake News: Navigating Today’s News Standards
Get PDFFollowing the 2016 presidential election, the pervasiveness of fake news came into the national spotlight. With an increased focus on media literacy and the need to end the spread of false information, tracing the abilities of individuals to spot fake news through a series of interviews was relevant. Several research questions were used for guidance: What are the common understandings or misunderstandings of fake news and its perpetuation? What are the characteristics of individuals who are more apt to recognize fake news? Does an individual’s level of political activism or civic engagement affect their ability to recognize fake news? It was hypothesized that the interviewees’ understanding of fake news and accuracy in distinguishing real and fake news would be dependent on their news-reading habits. Interview conduction confirmed the accuracy of this hypothesis. Furthermore, those who engaged with news more often and more widely are more likely to accurately discern between what is true and false. Questions remain as to whether or not those who had more experience with political activism and civic engagement, or with educational backgrounds relating to those areas, are better at making this differentiation. The results of this study reinforce the vitality of being media literate and possessing a consistent awareness of current events
Ethnographic Observations at Christ Church Burial Grounds
Get PDFThis ethnography presents observations of visitor behaviors at Christ Church Burial Grounds in Old City Philadelphia. This study shows that visitors to Christ Church Burial Grounds did not always adhere to the social rules that govern actively used cemeteries like remaining on marked paths and appropriately interacting with monuments or markers. Additionally, this study shows that most people visited Christ Church Burial Grounds by chance, rather than by plan, and that the visitors were drawn to Christ Church Burial Grounds because it is the final resting place of Benjamin Franklin. Although Christ Church Burial Grounds is technically classified as a cemetery, its visitors are not governed by the same social rules that apply to actively-used cemeteries, and therefore it cannot be analyzed through the same lens
Hidden in Plain Sight: The American Indian Movement and the Revival of the Nanticoke Lenni-Lenape, 1969-1982
Get PDFThis paper explores the resurgence of the Nanticoke Lenni-Lenape of New Jersey in the latter half of the 20th century. This thesis argues that the American Indian Movement, with its strong advocation for Native existence and pride, along with Pan-Indianism, unity amongst all tribes, acted as a driving factor in the revival of the Eastern Woodland tribe, the Nanticoke Lenni-Lenape. From the eighteenth century, tribes on the East Coast were forced westward and north, but the Nanticoke Lenni-Lenape people remained hidden in plain sight on their native lands, to which they had been tied to for over 10,000 years. Parents taught their children to hide their native heritage in hopes that they would not be forced from their home as well. Generation after generation, fewer and fewer children were aware of their “Nativeness.” The Lenape traditions, language, and cultural practices which had only been passed down orally were beginning to fade away. By the 1960’s, what started off as a survival tactic to cope with white encroachment metamorphosed into an everyday part of life and as a result, this tight-knit community’s Native identity had been displaced. In the early 1970’s, a number of inspired Nanticoke Lenni-Lenape families worked to reverse the loss of their community’s traditions and identity, unify, and retain a collective recognition of being Native American and a pride in that ancestry
Gender and Memory: Depictions of Femininity in Irish Revolutionary Art
No full textThis paper uses artistic depictions of the allegorical figure, Kathleen ni Houlihan, who represented the personification of Ireland, to analyze the role of gender in the Irish Revolution. Drawing on a number of primary source artistic works from the years surrounding the 1916 Easter Rising, this paper questions the impact highly gendered portrayals of Irish nationalism had on nationalist communities. This paper also relies on primary and secondary sources that highlight the highly gendered environment of revolutionary Ireland, and the hardships faced by nationalist women. In this study, I found that gendered depictions of Kathleen ni Houlihan were rooted in the gendered revolutionary environment, and reflected typical ideas of the roles men and women should play in the independence movement. The figure of Kathleen ni Houlihan offers an excellent case study of the role the arts played in both reflecting and altering Irish revolutionary society. Additionally, these artistic portrayals reflect the strict binaries of Irish society at the turn of the century, and provide insight into the ways women negotiated their positions in the revolution
Helpless Martyr or Hardened Mambisa: Race, Gender, and Agency in the Cisneros Affair
No full textI am submitting a paper concerned with investigating the events of Cisneros Affair of 1897. In the course of my research, I found that the vast majority of prior scholarship focused on the affair in the context of US Imperialism and print culture. Consequently, scholars rarely examined the actual events of the affair, and so the majority of scholarship accepted the American version of events in which Cisneros is an undeserving victim of Spanish Imperialism as deeply gendered and racially charged but accurate overall, . However, several scholars acknowledged evidence of an alternative telling of the story in which Cisneros attempted to kill a Spanish officer. A wide ranging survey of scholarship and primary sources presents a strong argument for an alternative interpretation. I argue there is a strong possibility that Cisneros was not a helpless innocent but in fact schemed to murder a Spanish officer for the cause of Cuban Independence
Trade in Conflict Minerals -- Congolese Warlords, MNC’s, and Dodd-Frank 1502
No full textThis paper seeks to provide an overview of conflict mineral trade by analyzing it through an economic lens. Using data gathered from news sources, the memo first defines the term “conflict minerals” and identifies that the primary actors involved in the conflict mineral market are rebel militia groups and multinational corporations. The trade is mutually beneficial for these actors as it serves as the primary source of revenue for militia groups and allows multinational corporations to buy minerals at low costs. The memo also highlights the struggles legitimate Congolese miners face, as they face threats from militia groups and low market prices Also identified is Section 1502 of the Dodd Frank act, legislation which forces multinational corporations to list their mineral suppliers, thereby increasing supply chain transparency. While implemented with good intentions, it is extremely unsuccessful in stifling the conflict mineral trade as it lacks substantive regulatory measures. Furthermore, the EU and US plan to implement opposing conflict mineral trade policies — the EU looks to increase supply chain transparency while the US looks to repeal Section 1502 of Dodd Frank (an action which would decrease supply chain transparency). This paper believes that coordinated and homogenous action on the part of both federal governments and IGOs is necessary in order to concretely enforce restrictions on conflict mineral trade
Review of Jimmy Carter in Africa
No full textReview of Nancy Mitchell\u27s Jimmy Carter in Africa by Brandon Kinne