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Analyzing Pushback Policies and Their Consequences at the Poland- Belarus Frontier
No full textThe research present provides an in-depth analysis of the humanitarian crisis along the Poland-Belarus border, spanning from August 2021 up until the present. The conflict, marked by cases of pushback, disappearances, and charges of abuse by authorities, has resulted in inadequate conditions for migrants, particularly women, children, and people with disabilities. The research emphasizes Belarus and Russia\u27s role in aggravating the crisis, portraying it in terms of hybrid warfare and regional power conflicts. It analyzes the deployment of Russian-linked mercenaries in Belarus, as well as the strategic significance of the Suwalki Gap, with a focus on the potential ramifications for NATO-Russia ties. Through an in-depth analysis of pushback policies and their legal, humanitarian, and geopolitical components, the research emphasizes the critical need for a balanced approach that prioritizes both border security imperatives and basic humanitarian values. Through the realist perspective, the study emphasizes how states prioritize national security and geopolitical interests, often at the expense of humanitarian concerns. This research advocates for adherence to international legal principles, strong human rights protection, and proactive diplomatic involvement to properly address the issue
Tit-for-Tat Tariffs in the 1930s Trade War
No full textThis paper details the history of the Tariff Act of 1930, commonly referred to as the Smoot-Hawley Tariffs, and the trade war that followed. Starting with an overview of the influential international trade theories and the ambiguous definition of a trade war, this paper examines the purpose of the Act and its pathway to Congressional approval. Then, it examines the international reactions to the passing of the Act by evaluating the changes in trade patterns and levels of tariff retaliation in Spain, Italy, and Switzerland. It will evaluate the global effects of the trade war and apply the various scholarly definitions of a trade war to the post-Smoot-Hawley trade war. Finally, this paper explores the lessons from Smoot-Hawley and applies them to the ongoing US-China trade war, with a special focus on the proposed trade policies of the incoming Presidential administration
Foundation of Societies: The Challenges of Education in Nigeria
No full textEducation is a cornerstone of societal development, but in many low- and middle income countries (LMICs), such as Nigeria, accessible, equitable, and quality education remains an ongoing challenge. This paper explores the multiple obstacles Nigeria has been facing with its education system, including inadequate funding, teacher shortages, and the impact of conflict and violence, particularly in the northern regions. Despite these barriers, education is recognized as a transformative force capable of fostering national growth. The analysis highlights key areas of concern such as early childhood education, teacher recruitment and retention, and financing education. Furthermore, it examines the 2024-2027 Nigeria Partnership Compact, which proposes strategic policies aimed at achieving universal and inclusive education. By addressing systemic issues and prioritizing reforms in infrastructure, teacher training, and safeguarding education, this paper argues that Nigeria can make significant strides in overcoming its educational challenges. The paper suggests that enhancing educational outcomes in the country requires targeted investments, security measures in conflict zones, and comprehensive policy frameworks designed to support marginalized populations
In Conversation with Faculty: Dr. Christina Baker, Director of the Center for the Humanities at Temple (CHAT)
Full text linkInterview with Dr. Christina Baker, Director of the Center for the Humanities at Temple (CHAT
Graduate Student Features: CENFAD Emerging Scholar, Isabela “Cas” Casanova
Full text linkA conversation with CENFAD Emerging Scholar Isabela “Cas” Casanova 
The Effect of Physical Activity on Symptoms Associated with Premenstrual Syndrome : A Critically Appraised Topic
No full textAn estimated 80-90% of menstruating individuals experience premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and up to 95% experience symptoms that may limit daily activities. There are a wide range of treatment options ranging from over-the-counter medications, prescription medication and hormonal birth control, all of which could have adverse effects. The purpose of this study is to assess if physical activity could help reduce PMS symptoms. Across three studies, all with different types of physical activity, there was a significant improvement in PMS symptoms compared to a control group. Physical activity has shown to be an effective intervention for symptoms associated with PMS.  
Winner of the Edwin H. Sherman Prize
No full textA piece from Sofía Valdes about her research which won her the 2024 Edwin H. Sherman Priz
Strategic Visions Volume 25 (No. 2) Spring 2025
Full text linkThis issue of Strategic Visions, Volume 25, Issue 2 (Spring 2025), features the usual “News from the Director” and “Note from the Davis Fellow” sections, reflecting on this past semester’s colloquium series. This issue also includes two timely and thought-provoking interviews: one with Dr. Michael Kimmage on the war in Ukraine and the shifting dynamics of U.S. foreign policy, and another with Dr. Osamah Khalil on the legacy of 9/11 and the evolving role of fear, intervention, and power in American global strategy.
This issue features our, “News from the CENFAD Community” section, where readers can catch up on recent accomplishments and updates from CENFAD’s broader network of alumni, students, and faculty. We also feature a profile of Abby Lewis, Director of the Center for European Studies, highlighting her vision for deepening CES’s ties with CENFAD and expanding transatlantic collaboration. In addition, we are pleased to share a contribution from Ella Scalese, this year’s CENFAD Emerging Scholar, who reflects on her research and the relationship between diplomacy, military, and public history
CENFAD at Temple and Beyond
Full text linkThis section includes a piece written by Ella Scalese, the CENFAD Emerging Scholar, and a profile of Abby Lewis, the Director of the Center for European Studies at Temple