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Metrics For Evaluating Alerts in Intrusion Detection Systems
No full textNetwork intrusions compromise the network’s confidentiality, integrity and availability of resources. Intrusion detection systems (IDSs) have been implemented to prevent the problem. Although IDS technologies are promising, their ability of detecting true alerts is far from being perfect. One problem is that of producing large numbers of false alerts, which are termed as malicious by the IDS. In this paper we propose a set of metrics for evaluating the IDS alerts. The metrics will identify false, low-level and redundant alerts by mapping alerts on a vulnerability database and calculating their impact. The metrics are calculated using a metric tool that we developed. We validated the metrics using Weyuker’s properties and Kaner’s framework. The metrics can be considered as mathematically valid since they satisfied seven of the nine Weyuker’s properties. In addition, they can be considered as workable since they satisfied all the evaluation questions from Kaner’s framework
A New Complexity Metric for UML Sequence Diagrams
No full textObject-Oriented Programming (OOP) has been promoted as a way to produce high-quality software while increasing developer productivity through code reuse. Software systems and underlying designs get more extensive and more complicated while maintaining a high degree of quality. One of the widely accepted standards for describing software architectures is the UML Sequence Diagram. A sequence diagram depicts the interaction of two-dimensional chart players by showing messages delivered and received between them. This research aims to develop and validate a metric for complexity evaluation in software design architectures through UML Sequence diagrams. The study included design science, which included metric specification, the creation of a measurement tool, and conceptual and factual verification of the metrics. The metrics use diagram-centric complexity measurements shown to be meaningful when used to determine the difficulty of two example sequence diagrams. Furthermore, conceptual affirmation of the stated metrics was achieved through Weyuker's nine characteristics, which demonstrated that they are computationally efficient. The metric was empirically authenticated, and the findings show that measuring the complexity of sequence diagrams is expedient
The centre and pathology: Postmodernist reading of madness in the oppressor in contemporary fiction
No full textThis study examines the pathological consequences of in-between identity on the members of the dominant group in polarized cosmopolitan settings in Lessing’s The Grass is Singing (1950). The study is a postmodernist reading of postcolonial literature to interrogate the pathological consequences of the constant shifts of identity in migrant characters. Most postcolonial studies contend that marginalization occasioned by the dominant group result in neurotic conditions in members of the minority group. They maintain that severe cultural conditions introduced by the dominant group mostly affect the psyches of the members of the minority groups and clinical madness becomes prevalent. This study, however, interrogates this thesis and investigates the possibility of the dominant group sustaining pathological tendencies as they change their perspectives to coexist with members of the minority through hybridity. In some postcolonial works of fiction, there is a tendency of some members of the dominant group undergoing severe mental disintegration in spite of their claim to superiority in relation to the marginalized groups. Using Ato Quayson’s calibrations, the study adopts postmodernist, postcolonial, and psychological models to interrogate possible causes and aspects of pathology in members of the dominant group with reference to Lessing’s The Grass is Singing. Although postmodernism is the umbrella theory, Quayson’s calibrations enable interaction of scholars from different academic disciplines for effective exegesis of pathology in the dominant group. The major finding of the study is that marginalization does not just adversely affect the objectified but also the dominant group as well; and results in the collapse of their psyche. The ideas of Jacques Derrida and Albert Memmi will form a theoretical basis of interpretation
A Metrics-Based Model for Estimating the Maintenance Effort of Python Software
No full textSoftware project management includes a substantial area for estimating software maintenance effort. Estimation of software maintenance effort improves the overall performance and efficiency of software. The Constructive Cost Model (COCOMO) and other effort estimation models are mentioned in literature but are inappropriate for Python programming language. This research aimed to modify the Constructive Cost Model (COCOMO II) by considering a range of Python maintenance effort influencing factors to get estimations and incorporated size and complexity metrics to estimate maintenance effort. A within-subjects experimental design was adopted and an experiment questionnaire was administered to forty subjects aiming to rate the maintainability of twenty Python programs. Data collected from the experiment questionnaire was analyzed using descriptive statistics. Metric values were collected using a developed metric tool. The subject ratings on software maintainability were correlated with the developed model’s maintenance effort, a strong correlation of 0.610 was reported meaning that the model is valid
Celebrity Endorsement: Television Advertisements and Sports Gambling Behavior among University Students in Kenya
No full textPurpose: To establish the influence of Television’s celebrity endorsement advertisement technique on sports gambling behaviour among the university students in Kenya. Methodology: This study employed mixed method design. In this case, convergent parallel mixed methods design was employed to evaluate the effects of Television’s celebrity endorsement advertisements on sports gambling behaviour among the university students in Nairobi County, Kenya. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected at the same time after which the findings were integrated with an aim of generating overall results. Descriptive survey strategy was also used in the study. The quantitative data was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Diagnostic test was first done to ascertain if the data used were normally distributed. As for this case, the following tests were conducted; skewness and kurtosis, histogram and normality plot curve, Kolmogorov Smirnov and Sharpiro Wilk test and Q-Q plot. Other tests included outlier test, collinearity diagnostics, correlation analysis, multicollinearity, autocorrelation, heteroscedasticity/ homoscedasticity and linearity test. The relationship between the variables was determined using a regression model. Findings: This study found out that there was a significant relationship between Celebrity endorsement and sports gambling behaviour among the university students in Nairobi County. In summary, technique of celebrity endorsement in television’s gambling advertisements had a positive influence in gambling activities among university students in Nairobi County. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The study was embedded on the theory of planned behaviour. The core assumption of the theory is that there is a connection between beliefs and behaviour. In this case, the intention for a behaviour intent is influenced by three issues namely; assessment of the behaviour, apparent social pressure to perform or ignore a behaviour and the perceived degree of personal privilege concerning the behaviour (Dawkins and Frass, 2005). On its contribution to practice, the study calls on the universities to come up with proper sensitization programs to prevent the students from addictive gambling. The study further recommends that proper policy should be put in place by advertisers to provide clear messages on the dangers associated with addictive sports gambling. The overall findings will help policy makers to formulate policies that will control betting activities in the country
