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Analysis of domestic tourists’ demographic and travel characteristics in Kenya
No full textDemographic and travel characteristics are significant in forming the basis for market segmentation, positioning, and branding initiatives for a destination. This study sought to examine demographic and travel characteristics exhibited by domestic tourists and their effects on purchase decisions and travel choices. The study adopted both quantitative and qualitative research approaches. A simple random sampling technique was used to select domestic tourists, while data was collected using a structured questionnaire and analysed using descriptive and Chi-square techniques. Four hundred questionnaires were distributed, out of which 371 were returned, representing a 73.3% rate. The findings indicated that the duration of the current visit is dependent on annual income (\u1d7c0 2 = 23.055, p = 0.027), the number of times visited is dependent on age (\u1d7c0 2 = 30.579, p = 0.015), while travel arrangement is dependent on age (\u1d7c0 2 = 9.986, p = 0.041). The mode of transport depends on age (\u1d7c0 2 = 52.645, p = 0.012), and on education (\u1d7c0 2 = 44.734, p = 0.006). The study recommends focusing on identifying and prioritizing preferred local destinations and attractions for the domestic tourist market depending on demographic and travel characteristics to increase travel propensity for the sustainability of the industry
EFFECT OF PROCUREMENT SKILLS ON APPLICATION OF PROCUREMENT LAW. SURVEY OF TRANS-NZOIA COUNTY SECONDARY SCHOOLS
No full textThis research considered the effect procurement skills on the application of Public
Procurement and Disposal Act (PPDA,2015) and its relevant regulations. 900 members of the
tenderevaluation committee formed the study population. The survey adopted purposive
samplingto identify a sample of 60 to whom questionnaires were administered.Data collected was
analyzed andpresented in percentages, frequency tables. Chi-square test was used to test the
Hypothesis. From the findings, the calculated P-value (5.005) is less than the critical P- value
(7.815) at significance level (0.05), hence the study cannot accept the null hypothesis. It is
concluded that there is a relationship between procurement skills and the application of PPDA.
2015 and its relevant regulations.The study recommends that the procurement officers in public
secondary schools need to read, understand and implement the Public Procurement and Disposal
Act and that the school management should train their procurement officers to gain procurement
skills which will enhance the effective implementation of the procurement laws
CULTURAL TOURISM DESTINATION
No full textCultural tourism is defined by UNWTO (1985) as a movement of people essentially for cultural motivations. Cultural tourism is cocreated at cultural tourism destinations where travellers are engaged with cultural assets. Cultural tourism includes study tours, performing arts and cultural tours, travel for festivals and other events, visit to sites and monuments, travel to study nature, folklore or art and pilgrimages, and is one of the oldest “new” forms of tourism (McKercher, 2020). Tourism is a diverse sector comprising of many areas of interest that are not limited to wildlife, coastal tourism, marine tourism and cultural tourism, but perhaps a combination of these motivations attracts travellers to different destinations. Cultural tourism refers to the way people live and the factors that influence their way of living. Cultural tourism is therefore a form of tourism that is enjoyed when it is passed on from one generation to the other and is maintained throughout generations. For this reason, there is need to understand what cultural tourism destination is as it is associated with people
Staycation motivation
No full textStaycation is largely associated with “vacationing at home”. It is coined from the words: ‘stay’ and ‘vacation’. The blending combines initial segment of the first word “stay” with final segment of the other “cation”. The underlying idea is emphasis on stay, taking away mobilities, that have often been prerequisite to participation in tourism. The term staycation means effectively a short leisure stay (de Bloom et al, 2016), in a person’s usual domicile or proximity tourism context (Molz, 2009; Jeuring and Haartsen, 2017).
Growing at a rate of 3-4% annually in the last decade, international tourism had proved to be the most resilient sector before COVID-19 pandemic struck the world (UNWTO, 2019). However, the occurrence of COVID-19 saw the numbers dwindle down by more than a half. According to United Nations World Tourism Organization (2021) dip in international arrival is estimated to be 74% in 2020 compared to the previous year. Despite this drop, as many travellers stayed at home as per World Health Organization COVID-19 protocols, some travellers were able to engage in some form of vacation largely referred to as staycation. The genesis of the term staycation can be traced back in the summer of 2008 after the great economic depression which impacted negatively all social economic sectors including tourism. The year 2009 saw a global decrease in international travel by 4%, with Europe reporting a 6% drop, Asia and pacific (– 2%), Europe (3%), Americas (−5%), The Middle East (−6%) and Africa (+5%). Rise in consumer good prices including fuel among others shattered the dream of many middle-income Americans to travel (Molz, 2009)
A Framework for Verification in Contactless Secure Physical Access Control and Authentication Systems
No full textBiometrics is one of the very popular techniques in user identification for accessing institutions and logging into attendance systems. Currently, some of the existing biometric techniques such as the use of fingerprints are unpopular due to COVID-19 challenges. This paper identifies the components of a framework for secure contactless access authentication. The researcher selected 50 journals from Google scholar which were used to analyze the various components used in a secure contactless access authentication framework. The methodology used for research was based on the scientific approach of research methodology that mainly includes data collection from the 50 selected journals, analysis of the data and assessment of results. The following components were identified: database, sensor camera, feature extraction methods, matching and decision algorithm. Out of the considered journals the most used is CASIA database at 40%, CCD Sensor camera with 56%, Gabor feature extraction method at 44%, Hamming distance for matching at 100% and PCA at 100% was used for decision making. These findings will assist the researcher in providing a guide on the best suitable components. Various researchers have proposed an improvement in the current security systems due to integrity and security problems
A Systematic Literature Review of Meta-Learning Models for Classification Tasks
No full text: Meta-learning is a field of learning that aims at addressing the challenges of conventional machine learning approaches
such as learning from scratch for every new task. The main aim of this study was to do a systematic literature review of the existing
meta-learning models that have been developed, published, and can be used for classification tasks. Systematic literature review
method was used, employing a search of journal articles and publications of conference proceedings. The process involved data
collection, analysis, and reporting of the results. To achieve the objective, 30 primary papers published since 2016 and relevant to
classification tasks in meta-learning were considered. Data was extracted from the papers, then the following was analyzed in each
model as presented in the papers; techniques used, the contribution, and the research gap. Although a lot has been done so far in
Meta-learning, the existing models are not yet optimal. They still have challenges in few-shot learning, computation time
complexity, difficulty in continual learning, and generalizability across multiple related tasks during transfer learning
