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Legal Acculturation in the Field of Literary and Artistic Property in Africa: Outline of an Analysis of Legal Anthropology and Comparative law
Get PDFComparative intellectual property law distinguishes between two systems of protection. On the one hand, the �Copyright� system, and on the other, the �Droit d\u27auteur� system. Through a process of legal acculturation, the opposition between these two systems has been transposed to Africa, despite similar cultures and socio-economic conditions. This opposition is tending to become less pronounced, but closer resemblances are worth considering
Housing Affordability and Workforce Stability in the NHS: Evidence from England
Get PDFNHS� employees in England are now under financial constraint due to the high cost of decent housing, as many of them are unable to afford suitable accommodation in their operational regions, particularly in London, the North East, and the North West. Therefore, the study examined the economic effect of rising housing cost on selected employees of National Health Service in England. The study sampled four-hundred (400) NHS employees by limiting the study areas to three areas of the nine in England, including London, the North East, and the North West, using the Taro Yamane approach (1967). Thereafter, logit regression analysis was applied. The descriptive analysis showed that 73.3% of sampled respondents were within an economic active age, while NHS has various unit of department and employees that ensures each residents in England receive comprehensive and universal health care services. The logit regression showed that housing cost as independent variable had an inverse effect on financial status and NHS retention, while utility charges, services charges and council tax showed direct effects. Also, house cost showed a direct effect on NHS recruitment. Implying that, when there is one-unit increases in housing cost, the employees is likely to see their income decrease by approximately 52.4%, while, rising housing cost among recruited employees of NHS is likely to reduce employee retention by 24.5%. The study concluded that rising housing cost among NHS employees worsen their financial status, as well as, reduced employees� retention in the organisation. The study recommended that the NHS� administration should embark on policies that provide housing options for its employees through provision of reasonable housing allowance that reflect economic reality or partnership with developers to provide moderate house for her employees
An Assessment of Teenage Pregnancy in Zimbabwe. The Case of Manicaland and Mashonaland Central Provinces
Get PDFYoung people are a window of hope and a demographic dividend in many developing countries, including Zimbabwe. As such, societies must be conducive to nurturing a new generation that will spearhead the fourth industrial revolution agenda in the country. However, young people are faced by a myriad of sexual and reproductive health (SRH) problems which include unintended pregnancies and the consequent unsafe abortions.This study aims to assess the prevalence of teenage pregnancies in Manicaland and Mashonaland Central Provinces, identify the factors contributing to teenage pregnancy in these regions, and examine their consequences. The study utilised a triangulation of qualitative and quantitative methods, including surveys, focus group discussions (FGDs), and key informant interviews (KIIs). A survey quantified the magnitude of teenage pregnancies facing young people in Zimbabwe The survey involved 600 female adolescents aged 10-19 years, with the number of participants from each province determined using a probability proportional to size approach. FGDs were undertaken so as to obtain data on community perceptions on teenage pregnancy as well as the socio-cultural and religious beliefs underlying teenage pregnancies in Zimbabwe. The KII provided service provider level information on the challenges faced by young people and key statistics on incidence of teenage pregnancies. They also provided factors underlying teenage pregnancies. Purposive sampling was employed for the selection of participants in the FGDs and KIIs. Quantitative data were analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), while qualitative data were analysed using thematic analysis and NVIVO version 11.The study findings revealed that 16% of the adolescents aged 10-19 years had experienced pregnancy. Various factors were associated with teenage pregnancy, including age, ethnicity, marital status, self-efficacy, knowledge of pregnancy, attitudes towards pregnancy and condom use, orphan hood, religion, religiosity, peer pressure, poverty, socio-cultural practices, sexual abuse, social media, transactional sex and the Internet.Based on the study findings, it is recommended to enhance female adolescent empowerment through life skills initiative
Intrapelvic Migration of Cephalic Screw: Report of two Cases and Review of the Literature
Get PDFIntramedullary nails are widely used to treat extracapsular femoral neck fractures, providing a minimally invasive approach that allows early weight-bearing. However, in about 5% of cases, proper fixation is not achieved. One rare complication is the intrapelvic migration of the cephalic screw, which occurs in less than 0.5% of cases. This study reports two cases of intrapelvic screw migration and reviews the literature on this complication.
A retrospective descriptive study was conducted at our hospital between 2015 and 2022, analyzing two cases of cephalic screw migration following hip fracture treatment. Case 1 involved an 85-year-old male who underwent treatment for a right pertrochanteric fracture with a Gamma 3 nail. Three months post-surgery, the cephalic screw migrated into the pelvic cavity, requiring removal via laparotomy. A partial hip prosthesis was implanted in a subsequent surgery, and the patient recovered successfully. Case 2 involved an 83-year-old female with multiple comorbidities. After a right pertrochanteric fracture was treated with a PFNA nail, the cephalic screw migrated intrapelvically 20 months post-surgery. Due to her comorbidities, the screw was removed through the hip approach, and the patient passed away six months later from pre-existing health issues.
A literature review of 17 reported cases revealed that screw migration often occurs due to improper screw placement, repeated axial loading, and unstable fixation. Prevention strategies emphasize achieving an anatomical reduction, selecting an appropriately sized screw, and proper follow-up to detect complications early. Treatment options include screw removal via open surgery, laparotomy, laparoscopy, or endovascular approaches.
In conclusion, medial migration of the lag screw is rare but significant. Preventing this complication requires optimal fracture reduction, precise screw placement, and proper follow-up to avoid severe consequences for the patient
Dynamics of Frontal Collisions between Vehicles and Associated Trauma: A Literature Review
Get PDFBackground: Traffic accident-related traumas are the leading cause of mortality among adolescents and young adults aged 15 to 29 years. Furthermore, they represent a considerable financial burden on public finances, with estimated costs of approximately 3% of the annual GDP, impacting sectors such as healthcare, infrastructure, and productivity. Accidents commonly result in polytrauma, and various criteria have been established to assess injury severity in frontal vehicle collisions. Therefore, this study aims to conduct a literature review to investigate the main patterns of injuries observed in frontal vehicle collisions over the past five years.
Methodology: This is a literature review conducted between November and December 2024, utilizing the MEDLINE database. The search employed the keyword "frontal car crashes" and was restricted to studies published within the last five years. The initial search yielded 102 articles, and after screening, using inclusion criteria such as reporting injuries from frontal vehicle collisions with human models or real-life cases, other literature reviews were excluded. A total of 8 articles were selected
Advances to Establish Biomarkers Predictive of Opioids use Disorder in Patients with Chronic Pain
Get PDFChronic pain has become an increasingly prevalent condition in today\u27s world, and the use of opioids remains one of the main strategies for managing this type of pain. In this context, the search for predictive biomarkers of opioid dependence in patients with chronic pain represents an urgent clinical need, given the growing use of these drugs and the risks associated with long-term treatment. Although several advances have been made in the field of pain neurobiology, the literature remains scarce and heterogeneous, requiring a multidisciplinary and systematic approach to consolidate current evidence and outline new investigative pathways. This is a literature review that searched the PubMed, SciELO, and Cochrane databases using the descriptors �chronic pain,� �biomarkers,�, �neuronal alterations� and �opioids.� Article selection was performed first by title and then by full-text screening. Two authors independently evaluated the articles, followed by full-text selection by all authors. The results highlight different types of biomarkers with predictive potential for opioid use disorder. Alterations in the availability of �-opioid receptors (MOR) in the central nervous system�particularly in regions such as the amygdala and nucleus accumbens�were identified and associated with a higher risk of misuse. Specific microRNAs, such as let-7, miR-103/107, and miR-146a, were also evidenced, being involved in the negative regulation of MOR and in the modulation of inflammatory and neuroplastic processes. Additionally, genetic variants associated with a predisposition to problematic opioid use were observed, as well as peripheral immunological biomarkers such as IL-6 and TNF-?, and metabolites like quinolinate. The integration of these findings suggests that multiple systems�genetic, immunological, and neurofunctional�are involved in vulnerability to dependence. The discussion of the findings emphasizes the clinical relevance of integrating molecular, genetic, epigenetic, and neuroimaging data in the development of biomarker panels applicable to the monitoring of patients with chronic pain. Tools such as RT-qPCR, flow cytometry, and quantitative sensory testing, combined with machine learning algorithms, emerge as promising strategies to enable a personalized, safe, and effective approach to pain management and dependence prevention.
Conclusion: The incorporation of predictive biomarkers of opioid dependence into the clinical evaluation of patients with chronic pain is a promising path for monitoring opioid use and promoting personalized medicine. The path to their implementation must involve extensive study of these biomarkers. Further research, including studies involving chronic pain populations, is needed to consolidate the clinical applicability of these biomarkers
Modulation of Elevated Triglycerides and Mild NAFLD using Targeted Frequency Bioelectronic Therapy: A Case Study in a Young Healthy Male
Get PDFTriglycerides (TG), together with total cholesterol (Chol-T) as well as high and low- density lipoproteins (HDL, LDL), are lipids of fundamental importance for determining cardiovascular risk (Henein M.Y., 2023). TG are molecules composed of a glycerol nucleus and three fatty acids, fats that we can find in both animal and vegetable foods. They represent the main form of storage and transport of fatty acids within cells and in the plasma, while it is in the liver that the fundamental steps for the metabolism of fatty acids occur (Strable M.S, 2010). Levels of TG higher than 150 mg/dl fasting are characteristic of a state of dyslipidemia (Pappan N. et al., 2024), which can result from a hereditary condition or an incorrect lifestyle; however, this is a condition that, if left untreated, can over time lead to severe cardiovascular consequences or to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) (Alves- Bezerra M., 2019). Currently, to normalize triglyceride levels in patients with dyslipidemia, �fibrates (Spence J. D., 2020), statins, or statins and ezetimibide (Ferri N., 2023) are administrated. In minor forms of hypertriglyceridemia (HTG), the administration of supplements based on Omega-3 (Rodriguez D., 2022) or berberine (Osadnik T., 2022), silymarin (Li S. et al., 2024) in addition to the diet (Hyun Suk Lee, 2021) and physical exercise (Petridou A., 2022) are also accompained. Bioelectronic medicine (BEM) is increasingly expanding its field of research, today particularly oriented towards the modulation of the activity of the vagus nerve and its effects, for example, on the release of inflammatory cytokines (Borovikova et al., 2000); this innovative approach is increasingly moving towards new directions to the point of involving its effects on inflammatory, cardiovascular, neurodegenerative diseases (Pavlov A. P., 2022), urological disorders (Peregrine B.O., 2017), etc..
In this study, we wanted to verify the effectiveness of the BEM approach on human metabolism using a specific frequency indicated by the Grabovoj method (Grabovoj G., 2013) for the physiological regeneration of TG levels; we also wanted to verify the selectivity of the effects on the organism of the frequency used for the treatments, evaluating the variations in the levels of Chol-T, HDL, LDL and Glu at time zero and at the end of the work. From this assumption, we wanted to verify the response of a young, healthy male practising competitive sport characterized by non-physiological levels of TG (409 mg/dl) and a mild form of NAFLD by first treating him with berberine/silymarin/Omega-3 and an appropriate diet and then subjecting him to treatments with a specific frequency on the body applied via electrodes emitted by a BioLife-Regen frequency generator
Primary Tokophobia Rooted in Developmental Trauma: A Case Study of Reproductive Fear in Adulthood
Get PDFThis case study explores a rare presentation of tokophobia�an intense, pathological fear of childbirthin a 38-year-old Togolese woman named Afi, situated within a highly pro-natalist cultural context. Unlike the normative expectations in Togo, where motherhood is celebrated and socially reinforced from an early age, Yawadeveloped a persistent fear of pregnancy and childbirth following early developmental trauma and using an integrative therapeutic approach�including cognitive-behavioral therapy, imagery desensitization, psychoeducation, and observational exposurethe intervention aimed to reframe traumatic associations and restore autonomy in reproductive decision-making. The treatment was framed within a solution-focused and brief therapy model and culturally adapted to fit collective values. The findings underscore the importance of trauma-informed, culturally sensitive interventions in underrecognized mental health conditions such as tokophobia, particularly in African contexts where such cases are seldom documented. While the results are not generalizable, this case contributes to the emerging literature on reproductive trauma in non-Western settings
Arthroscopic Fixation and Ligament Reconstruction in Tibial Plateau Fracture: A Case Report
Get PDFIntroduction: Tibial plateau fractures account for approximately 1% of all fractures; however, they are associated with high morbidity due to a wide spectrum of soft tissue injuries and a significant incidence of concomitant ligamentous and meniscal lesions. Among these, anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are particularly relevant, as delayed diagnosis or inadequate management of these injuries can compromise joint stability and long-term functional outcomes.
Case presentation: We present the case of a 33-year-old male patient with a lateral tibial plateau fracture (Schatzker type I) associated with a complete anterior cruciate ligament tear and a fibular head fracture in the right knee following a traffic accident. The patient underwent ACL reconstruction using hamstring tendon autograft, along with open reduction and internal fixation of the tibial plateau and fibular head fractures. Postoperative evolution has been satisfactory, with full recovery of range of motion, a stable, pain-free knee, and favorable functional outcomes.
Discussion: Tibial plateau fractures are complex articular injuries with a high incidence of associated ligamentous damage, particularly involving the anterior cruciate ligament. Treatment should be individualized based on the fracture pattern and associated injuries. Arthroscopy-assisted techniques represent a viable option for reduction, fixation, and simultaneous management of intra articular lesions, contributing to joint function preservation and showing satisfactory functional outcomes.
Conclusion: This case highlights the importance of maintaining a high index of suspicion for associated ligament injuries in tibial plateau fractures, regardless of the fracture pattern. Additionally, the arthroscopy-assisted approach is emphasized as a valuable tool for achieving precise anatomic reduction and simultaneous anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction in a single surgical procedure. The case presented, along with the available evidence, supports the combined approach as a safe, effective, and minimally invasive strategy that promotes early functional recovery and favorable clinical outcomes
Development of a Structural Model for Constructing a Cutting Tool Trajectory Analysis Module in the Axiom Control CNC System
Get PDFJustification. Currently, metalworking machines are used in various industries. The operation of these machines, designed for numerical control (CNC), is impossible without the use of appropriate systems that allow for the operational configuration of the system to solve various technological problems by controlling the machine\u27s drives.�
The purpose of this work is to comprehensively analyze the functionality of the Axiom Control CNC visualization module in order to identify its strengths and weaknesses compared to similar systems on the market. In the course of the research, a detailed review of existing technologies and visualization methods used in numerical control systems will be conducted, which will allow for a deeper understanding of current trends and needs in this area. Materials and methods. To achieve this goal, the following task has been set, aimed at expanding the functionality of the cutting tool rendering module in the Axiom Control CNC system, namely, the analysis of existing visualization tools for the trajectory of cutting tools in CNC systems