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Effect Acrylamide Grafted Starch on the Properties of a Water based Mud
Get PDFModified starches have gained popularity in recent years due to the availability of starch. Graft polymerization is one of the ways to improve the properties of starch. Starch was obtained by process of wet milling from four genotypes Cassava tubers (TMS 96/1632, TMS 98/0581, TMS 07/ 0593 and TMS 01/1371), assigned � as A, B, C, and D, respectively, were grafted with PAM and synthesized by polymerization method. Potassium Persulfate (PPS) was used as an initiator with ethanol-water solution used to remove the homo-polymer acrylamide (PAM). The starch-grafted copolymer was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. From the result, it was observed that the FTIR spectra for the four starches grafted onto Polyacrylamide Monomer showed the presence of PS-g copolymer with new absorption bands at the range of 1644cm-1 � 1654cm-1 this indicates a primary amide group in the polyacrylamides. The drilling fluids treated with the PS-g copolymer showed mud weights between 8.6 � 9.0 with genotype D S-g-PA copolymer presenting a better rheology properties and fluid loss control. All drilling fluids prepared with copolymerized starch exhibit shear thinning and pseudoplastic properties
Survey of Parasitic Nematodes Associated with Cotton in Burkina Faso
Get PDFAgriculture employs more than 80% of the population of Burkina Faso and contributes nearly 40% to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP). rainfed agriculture and occupy an important place because the crop employs nearly 4 million people and contributes more than 4% to GDP and about 14% of export earnings in recent years (AICB (2023a).The area sown in 2016-2017 are estimated at nearly 740,000 ha, and the production was estimated at nearly 683,000 tons of seed cotton with relatively low yields of less than one ton per hectare (AICB (2023b). The cotton sector has experienced a significant decline in recent years producing 407,308 tons with yields of 655 kg/ha during the 2022-2023 agricultural season (AICB (2008).This situation can be explained, among other things, by uncertain climatic conditions (rainfall and temperature) and damage due to crop pests (AICB (2008)
Chasing Shadows: Witch-Hunting as a Mirror of Cultural Horror and Patriarchy
Get PDFThe history of witchcraft and its relentless persecution unveils an eerie reflection of humanity�s darkest insecurities�a theater where fear choreographs brutality, and superstition scripts social control. Across centuries and continents, from the fiery witch trials of medieval Europe to the silent cries echoing through rural India, witchcraft accusations have served as the alibi for societal discord, gender-based violence, and systemic oppression. It is a narrative as old as time, and yet, as contemporary as tomorrow�s headlines, where the word "witch" is less a label and more a cultural dagger, striking down the vulnerable under the guise of morality and tradition.
This study embarks on an ambitious exploration of the witch-hunting phenomenon, tracing its spectral presence from historical accounts to its chilling manifestations in today�s world. The work argues that witchhunting is not merely a relic of an unenlightened past but a continuing saga, underscored by enduring societal fears and entrenched patriarchy. It deconstructs the macabre dance of superstition and gender politics, where folklore casts women as harbingers of misfortune and witchcraft becomes the pretext for violence. The analysis homes in on India, where systemic failures and cultural inertia perpetuate the scourge of witch accusations, particularly targeting women on the fringes of society�widows, economically disadvantaged, or those who dare to challenge patriarchal norms
Entangled Bonds: Unraveling Familial Dynamics of Institutional Older Adults
Get PDFThis paper explores the complex dynamics of familial relationships experienced by institutionalized older adults, focusing on the interplay between solidarity-conflict and ambivalence. Through qualitative interviews with twenty respondents residing in an old age home in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, the study delves into the emotional and social ties that older adults maintain with their families post-institutionalization. The findings reveal that these relationships are marked by ambivalence, where feelings of care and attachment coexist with conflict and estrangement. Many respondents expressed a sense of solidarity with their families, emphasizing the emotional and financial support they received prior to moving into the institution. However, this solidarity was often coupled with feelings of abandonment, disappointment, or conflict, primarily due to unmet expectations of caregiving or perceived neglect from their children and relatives. The study highlights how institutionalization reshapes familial bonds, leading to emotional ambivalence. For some, the institutional setting provides an escape from family conflicts, while for others, it exacerbates feelings of isolation. By analyzing narratives from the respondents, this paper contributes to the broader discourse on older adult, family relations, and institutional care, offering insights into the emotional complexities faced by older adults in institutional settings
The Culturalization of the Linguistic Sign: Foundation of the Transmission of Culture through Language
Get PDFThis research explores the character of the linguistic sign that predisposes the language to spread culture. Every language conveys a culture of which it is both producer and product (Porcher, 1995). Language is therefore a carrier of culture. Starting from this evidence, a logical problem arises: for language, as a system of signs, to effectively be the vehicle of culture, the signs that compose it must have a character that predisposes them to this function. However, according to one of the foundations of modern linguistics, the linguistic sign is arbitrary (Saussure, 1916). In addition, none of its other known characters is linked to its capacity to convey culture. It is therefore possible to define a new character to express this general principle. This character, relating to the tendency of the linguistic sign to make the language cultural, will be called "culturalization of the linguistic sign". This character could be dichotomous and also applicable to non-linguistic signs. To conduct this research, we used non-probability sampling by purposive choice and collected data using two interview guides from 35 resource persons. The data, collected mainly in three languages or dialects (french, g�ngb�, f?ngb�), enriched by online information and analyzed by the content analysis method according to the "box" procedure (Bardin, 1991), show that the culturalization of the linguistic sign is a general principle applicable to all languages. The study made it possible to conceptualize the "culturalization of the linguistic sign", to describe its dimensions and bases, and to demonstrate that this characteristic predisposes the language to the transmission of culture
The Fluidity of Lewoh Traditional African beliefs and Western Catholic Beliefs: A Study of John Nkemngong Nkengasong\u27s God was African
Get PDFThe paper, �The fluidity of Lewoh traditional African beliefs and Western Catholic beliefs: A study of John Nkemngong Nkengasong�s God was African� seeks to juxtapose the similarities and differences in the traditional Lewoh African beliefs and the Western Catholic beliefs as portrayed in the selected text. The main character in the text seems to find himself at crossroads with making a choice between their traditional Lewoh beliefs and practices and their Western Catholic beliefs. Having been exposed to both belief systems from home and at school, the protagonist find shimself in a dilemma as to which of the belief systems to adhere to principally. Is any belief system actually superior to the other or better than the other? This study is based on the proposition that none of the belief systems is better than the other as much similarity abounds between the two systems in question. The study concludes that all the belief systems are geared towards the worship of an Omnipotent God based on the religious context of the believers. The author, therefore advocates for hybridized characters who understand and embrace the Lewoh and Catholic beliefs based on the context in which they find themselves. This study will employ the theories of Trans-Deconstruction: Theory on Monism and Theory of Interpretation as propounded by Pramod Ambadasrao Pawar
Balancing Faith and Work: Reexamining the Prosperity Gospel in Contemporary Ghanaian Christianity for Poverty Reduction and Combating Religious Laziness
Get PDFThe Bible presents an undeniable message that God is interested in the prosperity and well-doing of those who believe in him, including Christians. However, instead of balancing faith and work, able young Ghanaian Christians pray almost all hours, staying in churches, being idle. Moreover, women leave their �capital-invested� shops for prayer camps during working days and hours, whereas some preachers craftily exploit ignorant members in the name of �special programmes and seed-sowing.� Sadly, some Christians in Ghana are made to believe that positive confessions and faith are enough to make one successfully prosperous. Meanwhile, long before the emergence of �prosperity gospel,� Akan-Ghanaians knew that �Sika y? mogya,� literally meaning �Money is blood.� This study is a literature-based research and examines scholarly discourses on �prosperity gospel� � globally, in Africa, in contemporary Ghanaian Christianity; making reference to the Akan-Ghanaian dynamic notions in the eyes of discipleship and Christian conduct amid suffering, with critical reflections and dialogues from Dietrich Bonhoeffer�s �The cost of discipleship, 1979 edition� and John R.W. Stott�s �Men with a Message� in the light of Mark 8:34-38 and the Petrine letters. Findings reveal that our prosperity is cost-involved. It requires both faith in God and our intentional determination, dedication, discipline and sacrifice toward work and shunning every form of idleness and religious laziness. One should work to reap physical and material possessions inasmuch as they have faith in God. Contextually, regarding prosperity, Bonhoeffer emphasizes that there is no free-zone, but rather the disciple of Jesus Christ should bear the costs of obedience, followership and suffering. John Stott agrees with Peter and therefore admonishes Christians that, amid their obedience and suffering (toward prosperity), they should: follow Jesus� example, know that Jesus suffered to bring them to God, love one another as God�s chosen people, have a living hope of their glorification and thus should continue to show goodness and live holy in expectation. Moreover, Peter admonishes Christians to respect human authorities and not to disregard them as enemies. Thus, prosperity gospel in contemporary Ghanaian Christianity requires Christians to build a balance between faith that saves and the work that yields the income. The absence of the latter encourages socio-religious laziness, fruitlessness and poverty. Significantly, this paper is relevant for academic literature on poverty-reduction theologies, socio-economic development as well as the financial liberation of poor and ignorant Christians through building balance between faith and work.
Language Acquisition, as a Predictor of School Learning and Inclusion Variable
Get PDFThis article intends to share the concern about the school integration ofchildren born with biological disadvantages due to their prematurity. These children born prematurely, as a result of their immaturity, suffer from a number of pathologies that require special care in neonatology units and a subsequent follow-up by an interdisciplinary team of professionals to minimize their sequelae and to fully develop their capabilities.
Compared to full-term infants, premature and low-weight babies have a number of characteristics that place them at high risk. In addition, the aim herein is to find out if they required support, if they received therapeutic assistance, if the family accompanied them throughout this process and upon reaching school age, in order to show whether they experienced difficulties in their school integration (such as difficulties in learning to read and write, for instance)
Language as a Sign System: Redefining the Linguistic Sign
Get PDFThe article discusses the linguistic sign and proposes a definition that is based on a usage-based view of language and includes all communication systems, also closed ones like the traffic lights. Content, expression and signs as wholes are discussed separately, and the linguistic sign is compared to �semiotic� signs. The main claims are: 1) Reference is primarily mental and part of the content. 2) A mentalistic definition of� signs is incompatible with a usage-based view. The expression isphysical, in language as in usage.3) Neither arbitrariness, linearitynor double articulation are necessary qualities of signs. 4) Spoken, written and gestural languages are sign systems of their own, not manifestations of an abstract language with no particular expression. 5) Only minimal signs (morphemes) consist of expression and content. Complex signs consist of (smaller)signs. 6) The linguistic sign isa category of its own, not a subtype of �semiotic� signs
Constructivism and Its Implications for Curriculum Development in the Philippines
Get PDFThe paper examines constructivism as a learning theory and its influence on curriculum development in the Philippines, particularly within the framework of the K to 12 Enhanced Basic Education Program. It draws from the foundational contributions of Piaget, Bruner, Dewey, and Vygotsky, highlighting learner-centered approaches that emphasize inquiry, collaboration, and authentic learning. It also discusses implications for pedagogy, assessment, and teacher training, advocating for a shift from knowledge transmission to knowledge creation in Philippine education. This paper highlights how constructivist principles inform student-centered teaching strategies, authentic assessment practices, and the evolving role of teachers as facilitators rather than mere transmitters of knowledge. Furthermore, this paper emphasizes the need for sustained teacher training, authentic assessments, and the cultural adaptation of constructivist practices in order to maximize their impact on Philippine educatio