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Analysis of the Surgical Treatment Results of Large Idiopathic Macular Holes using Tamponade with Internal Limiting Membrane Flaps and Platelet-Rich Plasma
Full text linkBACKGROUND: Penetrating macular holes of the retina remain today one of the main reasons for a significant loss of central vision, especially in working age patients. At the same time, the mainstream problem are the validity and effectiveness of treatment of large and giant macular holes with a diameter of more than 500�1000 �m.
AIM: to optimize the treatment method for patients with large and long-standing macular holes. To analyze the results of treatment of patients with this condition.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 2023, 56 patients were operated on for idiopathic large macular hole. During vitrectomy, a new surgical technique was used for the macular hole bed tamponade with flaps of the internal limiting membrane in combination with the introduction of platelet-rich plasma.
RESULTS: After the resorption of the gas-air mixture (1�1.5 months after surgery), ophthalmoscopically and according to optical coherence tomography data, closure of the macular hole was observed in 51 of 56 operated patients, which amounted to 91.1%.
CONCLUSIONS: The surgical treatment technique used allows for closure of large macular holes in 91.1%
Research Progress on the Schrödinger Equation that Can Describe the Earth\u27s Revolution and its Applications
No full textPeople believe that the Schr�dinger equation cannot be used to describe macroscopic objects like the Earth, and Newtonian mechanics cannot be used to describe microscopic systems. The old concept of the relationship between the existing laws of quantum mechanics and classical mechanics undoubtedly has a serious impact on people\u27s understanding of the natural world, the development of physics theories, and the application of existing physics theories. The continuous development of physics theory requires constant changes to some incorrect old concepts. The Schr�dinger equation that can describe planetary motion was successfully obtained by replacing the potential energy in the Hamiltonian operator from electromagnetic interaction potential energy to gravitational interaction potential energy. If the distance between the sun and the earth is approximated as a constant, the energy eigenvalues obtained by solving the Schr�dinger equation for the Earth\u27s revolution are completely consistent with the results obtained directly using classical mechanics. The direct significance of establishing and applying such equations is that they can simultaneously use classical mechanics and wave dynamics to describe all objects (no longer limited by the mass of the objects), simplifying the calculation process of quantum mechanics. It has been proven that classical mechanics and wave dynamics are compatible. It has been proven that classical mechanics and wave dynamics are compatible, and there is no insurmountable gap between them. This result has a huge positive impact on the theoretical updates and applications of quantum mechanics
Theory of Dark Energy
Full text linkIn the International Journal of Physics and Astronomy [1] a formula for calculation of dark energy was developed [1]. It is:
Ed = (h/tp2) � tu����������� (1.2)
In the Journal of Physics and Astronomy
�The Foundations of a Dark Energy Theory� was mentioned for the first time in my article �Commentary about Calculation of Dark Energy and Dark Matter� [2]
In the article which is presented here, the �Theory of Dark Energy� is now completed and a physical-mathematical and theoretical derivation of the formula [1] is provided. This provides physical-mathematical and theoretical sopport for the formula [1] previously developed using a simple three-sentence operation
Rheological Evidence for a Probable Rarefied Crust and Fracture Characterization under Northern Harrat Rahat, Sw Saudi Arabia
Full text linkWe analysed the geothermal potential in the Northern Harrat Rahat (NHR), SW Saudi Arabia, where, a �Low-Gravity-Zone� (LGZ) follows the eastern vent axis and also corresponds to a Low Resistive Zone (LRZ) at 10 to 15 km depth. Anomalous crustal rheological parameters (Vp, Vp/Vs, Density, Poisson�s ratio, Young�s modulus and Acoustic-Impedance) are noticed on 2.5 km depth-slices underlying the LRZ which are based on receiver-function results from 13 seismic stations distributed within an area of 120 x 128 km 2 . Based on these, we inspect crustal rheology under an ENE-WSW traverse taken across the LGZ that unravels finer details of a Low Velocity Zone (LVZ), a Low Density Zone (LDZ), and Low Poisson ratio (?) and Youngs modulus (E) zones in the depth direction over a lateral extent of 120 km at depths between 5 and 17.5 km. Further down, (i) the lower extent of LVZ and LDZ dips eastward from 17.5 to 25 km, suggesting a rarefied crust underneath, and (ii) both Vp and density depth sections illustrate appreciable gradient as they increase from east and west towards the central area beneath the REF seismic stations RH01 and RH14. The LVZ, LDZ and Low Poisson Ratio (?) and Youngs Modulus (E) zones under NHR probably owe its origin to a raised geotherm in fractured crust that alters the crustal rheology and showing correspondence to vent axes. Compartmentalization of geophysical properties by orthogonal fractures/faults is used to propose a probable geologic model of heat transfer in the NHR
Pharmacognostic Standardization and Quality Profiling of Mangifera indica Bark Powder for Comprehensive Analysis of Neurological Disorders
No full textThe therapeutic efficacy of medicinal plants is attributed to polyphenolic chemicals, which are essential bioactive components. The bark of the mango plant, Mangifera indica, is a rich source of polyphenols that have antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. For plant-derived products to be consistent, effective, and quality controlled, however, thorough phytochemical standardisation is necessary. The purpose of this research is to provide a comprehensive phytochemical profile by utilising High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) to analyse and interpret the polyphenolic content of Mangifera indica bark powder.Mangifera indica bark powder methanolic extracts were made and then separated chromatographically using HPLC in conjunction with photodiode array (PDA) detection. Acetonitrile and aqueous formic acid were used as the mobile phase in a gradient elution technique using a reverse-phase C18 column. Major polyphenolic components, such as Mangifera, quercetin, gallic acid, catechin, and ellagic acid, were identified and quantified using standard reference compounds using UV detection at 280 nm. The structural identity and fragmentation patterns of the identified polyphenols were further confirmed by LC-MS analysis.According to the study,Mangifera is the main component of Mangifera indica bark, which is a strong source of polyphenolic chemicals. Researchers studied the pharmacognostic characteristics of Mangifera indica\u27s bark. Organoleptic studies of the air-dried bark powdered rind revealed character like brown colour, sweet odour and unique flavour taste. The physiochemical characteristics, which include drying loss, values for total ash, acid-insoluble ash, water-soluble ash, swelling index, and foaming index, were analyzed. Investigate the solubility and extractive value of various solvents, such as methanol, ethanol, hydroalcohol, ethyl acetate, petroleum spirit, water and hexane. The ethanol solvent was found to have a higher extractive value. Flavonoids were found in the aqueous extract according to a preliminary phytochemical investigation
Visibility of Websites of Agricultural Research Institutes in Nigeria
Full text linkThe study focused on the visibility of websites of agricultural research institutes in Nigeria. A purposive sampling technique was employed to select 34 agricultural research institutes. The specific objectives were to assess the online visibility of these websites and identify the types of agricultural activities showcased. Secondary data were collected using webometric tools such as SEO tools, Moz, Similarweb, and Ahrefs. The research adopted a mixed-method approach, incorporating both quantitative and qualitative data analysis. Quantitative data were analyzed using IBM SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences), while qualitative data were analyzed using Atlas.ti version 8. The results revealed that the websites of ARMTI, CIFOR, NAERLS, NSPRI, WARDA, FRIN, IFPRI, ICRISAT, NIFOR, NAPRI, NIFST and ICRAF agricultural research institutes had high visibility. The most frequently mentioned words included "research," "food," "capacity," and "development," reflecting the key activities of some agricultural research institutes. Additionally, the coefficient of global rank showed a positive correlation with website visibility, while visit duration and bounce rate exhibited negative correlations. The study concluded that the high and moderate levels of website visibility were associated with the sharing of links and content, as well as maintaining an active presence on social media platforms. It recommended that agricultural research institutes leverage social media platforms such as Twitter, Facebook, and LinkedIn to promote website content and drive traffic, thereby enhancing online visibility and engagement
A New Method of Solving Chess Problems based on a Purely Mathematical Solution
Full text linkThe practice of the game of chess leads to the development of skills related to memory, logic, concentration, rigor, strategy and the capacity for abstraction. In addition to the benefits observed on learning citizenship, by respecting the rules and others. Solving chess problems is an interesting variation for realizing intellectual development. The common way is to present problems on the chessboard or through diagrams. Here, we present a new method of solving chess problems based on a purely mathematical solution. Concretely, it is a question of solving a chess problem thanks to the solution of equations and the mathematical analysis. Thus with� �basic knowledge of mathematics, generally of the secondary level, we can proceed to the resolution with a minimum of knowledge of chess, given that the resolution is done from the algebraic notation of the said problem. Here we advance definitions, properties and theorems.
Also we present here an example of a chess problem solved by the method
How the Universe Works: Part 4. Philosophical Foundations of Space Vitality: Energy, Consciousness, and the Mathematical Interpretation of the Processes in Space of Universe
Full text linkSpace is a material structure, a container of material objects densely enveloped in energy. The main function of space is to ensure the vitality of the Universe in the process of interaction of objects of matter on the basis of intellectual and informational support of its basis - objective reality. The task of the latter is ensuring the failure-free execution of all processes of interaction, what is the basis of the vitality of the space of the Universe as a whole. The existence and development of subjective reality on the basis of biological life on our planet is based precisely on the vitality of objective reality and the intellectual and informational properties of space. Subjective reality is the consciousness of the life process, which is created as a result of the total process of life as a whole throughout the entire period of its existence. The body in which the process of life of a certain individual takes place is a material shell of the primary vitality based on the vitality of objective reality. The main function of subjective reality of biological life is to create a product that goes beyond the capabilities of objective reality. First of all, this is the process of functioning of renewable bioenergetics based on biological synthesis, and the creation of specific technological capabilities for influencing and controlling processes in objective reality. Nature itself, possessing all the prerequisites, cannot change itself, since it is not able to create the necessary conditions for this. Nature is able to provide all the processes of creating and ensuring jet motion, but it is not able to create a jet engine. Due to this, the activity of subjective reality has radically changed the natural conditions on earth. The vital capacity of space, possessing an extremely high level of intelligence, is provided by the intellectual and informational capacity of objective reality, which is the basis of the subjective reality of the Universe. Extremely important in this context is the mathematical interpretation of energy transfer processes in space, which are mathematically described by a mathematical sequence with the performance of work. The method of mathematical analysis, which significantly expands the possibilities of mathematical interpretation of energy transfer processes, provides the opportunity of creatingan universal formula for interaction in space
Enhancing Digital Learning: The Role of NPC, Managed Virtual Educational Environments
Full text linkGenerative artificial intelligence represents a significant opportunity, particularly in educational settings, as it has the potential to enhance the teaching, learning process. However, its use should aim to integrate and augment, rather than replace, human thought�adopting a logic of inclusion (et, et) rather than exclusion (aut, aut) (Prencipe & Sideri, 2023, p. 99). Firstly, this approach counters the apocalyptic tendency (Eco, 1964) to reject technology�specifically, in this case, AI�on the mistaken assumption that it substitutes human intelligence and, consequently, the learning process. Instead, AI should be framed as a tool designed to facilitate human learning processes (Prencipe & Sideri, 2023, pp. 100, 102). Nevertheless, a fundamental shift must be acknowledged: learning should transition from a focus on merely identifying solutions to a practice centered on formulating well, structured questions, which, in turn, generate meaningful content�whether in the form of images, videos, text, or other media. This is the space within which educators must operate when teaching the use of generative digital tools. In doing so, they should engage with themes of lateral and divergent thinking (Sibilio, 2014, 2016) and embrace the human creative capacity to envision and construct new possible worlds (Berthoz, 2015; Sibilio, 2017). At the same time, the challenge between the various nations is only just beginning, both in terms of the chips that can be used for computing power, and in terms of performance in the generation of multimedia content through artificial intelligence. That is why it is important for a nation to be among those allowed to use top, of, the, line technologies. In the context of increasing regulations on the dissemination of artificial intelligence (AI), the U.S. Framework for Artificial Intelligence Diffusion, introduced by the United States, imposes restrictions that may impact not only global security and the economy but also access to AI, based educational technologies. By limiting the availability of advanced models and specialized hardware, these measures risk creating a divide between countries with privileged access and those subject to restrictions, potentially affecting education, research, and innovation in the educational sector. The U.S. Framework for Artificial Intelligence Diffusion is a regulatory framework issued by the U.S. Department of Commerce on January 13, 2025, with the objective of managing the global dissemination of advanced AI technology through export controls. This regulatory framework aims to balance the protection of U.S. national security and foreign policy interests with the promotion of economic and social benefits derived from the responsible dissemination of AI. Key measures introduced include global licensing requirements for the export of advanced computing, integrated circuits and the "weights" of the most sophisticated AI models, as well as the implementation of licensing exceptions for low, risk destinations and end users. The regulation officially took effect on January 13, 2025. The U.S. Framework for Artificial Intelligence Diffusion also includes restrictions on the types of advanced chips that can be exported, particularly high, performance processors used for training and executing sophisticated AI models. The United States seeks to limit access to these chips by countries deemed high, risk for national security or potential military applications. Countries classified as "high, tier" (low, risk countries, among which Italy) benefit from licensing exceptions, meaning they can more easily access advanced hardware and the most sophisticated AI models without undergoing lengthy approval processes. This facilitates technological innovation, research, and development without significant restrictions. Conversely, lower, tier countries may face limited access or be required to obtain case, by, case approvals, slowing the adoption of advanced technologies and putting them at a disadvantage compared to nations with fewer restrictions (Clifford Chance, 2025; Rand Corporation, 2025).�
The U.S. Framework for Artificial Intelligence Diffusion could also affect AI, related educational software in three main areas: 1) Access to Advanced AI Models� (if an educational software application relies on advanced AI models for virtual tutoring, content generation, or personalized learning, it may be subject to restrictions if these models require advanced hardware or neural network weights that fall under export controls); 2)� Availability of Hardware for Training (schools, universities, and startups in restricted countries may face challenges in accessing GPUs and advanced chips necessary for research and development in the educational sector. This could limit the adoption of AI, based educational tools or slow down the development of new applications); 3) International Collaborations and Exchanges (if a country is not classified as "high, tier," obtaining licenses to use state, of, the, art AI software and hardware may be difficult. This could impact global educational projects, such as Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) or advanced e, learning platforms that leverage AI). In modern education this will have a strong impact, due to the fact that digital technology plays a crucial role in enhancing learning experiences.
A Study on the Nature and Form of Zero - The Fundamental Principles of Cosmic Origin Philosophy
Full text linkZero is the last number invented by humankind and a truly marvellous one. At first glance, its existence appears meaningless�it represents nothing. Yet, when placed before any digit, it changes nothing; when added after, it increases the number tenfold. Multiplying any number by zero results in zero; dividing zero by any number still yields zero; but dividing any number by zero leads to infinity. Zero symbolises the origin of the cosmos�the beginning of all things. While other numbers express the existence and transformation of matter, only zero represents the primordial origin of the universe and the beginning of phenomena.
The cosmic origin is a state of non-material or immaterial existence�not absolute nothingness, but rather the foundational basis of all being. All things arise from such a base point, and that point is zero. Yet, this is a living, yin-yang zero. Let us begin at the beginning and reflect upon the profound significance of this number. The invention of information and knowledge by humanity may indeed serve to explain just this�perhaps it exists for precisely that reason.
Expressed in the language of human-created information: zero is the beginning of the universe and of all things. Returning to zero symbolises balance and the perfect of human knowledge and information