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    Vivências e sentimentos de enfermeiros(as) que trabalham na linha de frente do COVID-19: um estudo documental

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    OBJECTIVE: To analyze reports of experiences and feelings of nurses working on the front line of COVID-19. METHOD: Descriptive documentary study with a qualitative approach. Secondary data extracted from 20 interviews published in the online media during the COVID-19 period were used. Data were processed using content analysis and categorized by themes. RESULTS: The first category, “experiences expressed by nurses working on the front line of COVID-19”, is presented in three subcategories: “facing challenges and changes in professional life”, “changing the routine in personal life” and “having to acquire new knowledge and training in the work process”. The second category, “feelings revealed by nurses working on the front line of COVID-19”, was subdivided into two subcategories: “feelings related to the other” and “feelings related to oneself”. Regarding feelings for the other, the following were reported: concern, anguish, empathy and solidarity. As for feelings for himself, most of them were negative, such as fear, anguish, sadness, loneliness and impotence. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: Health professionals experienced several challenges related to changes in their professional and personal lives, such as work overload, need for training, isolation from the family, and even negative feelings such as fear, loneliness, anguish, anxiety, sadness, concern about becoming contaminated and contaminate the family.OBJETIVO: Analisar relatos de vivências e sentimentos de enfermeiros(as) que trabalham na linha de frente da COVID-19. MÉTODO: Estudo documental descritivo com abordagem qualitativa. Foram utilizados dados secundários extraídos de 20 entrevistas veiculadas na mídia online, durante o período da COVID-19. Os dados foram tratados utilizando-se da análise de conteúdo e categorizados por temas. RESULTADOS: A primeira categoria, “vivências expressas por enfermeiros(as) que trabalham na linha de frente da COVID-19”, é apresentada em três subcategorias: “enfrentando desafios e mudanças na vida profissional”, “mudando a rotina na vida pessoal” e “tendo que adquirir novos conhecimentos e treinamentos no processo de trabalho”. A segunda categoria, “sentimentos revelados por enfermeiros (as) que trabalham na linha de frente da COVID-19”, foi subdividida em duas subcategorias: “sentimentos relacionados ao outro” e “sentimentos relacionados a si próprio”. Com relação aos sentimentos pelo outro, foram relatados: preocupação, angústia, empatia e solidariedade. Quanto aos sentimentos por si próprio, a maioria deles foram negativos, como medo, angústia tristeza, solidão e impotência. CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS: Os profissionais de saúde vivenciaram diversos desafios referentes às mudanças na vida profissional e pessoal, como sobrecarga de trabalho, necessidade de capacitação, isolamento da família, e ainda sentimentos negativos tais como medo, solidão, angústia, ansiedade, tristeza, preocupação de contaminar-se e contaminar a família

    Distribuição espacial da mortalidade por acidentes de trânsito terrestre antes e após a Lei Seca em Santa Catarina, Brasil

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    OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of the law against drinking and driving on mortality from land traffic accidents in Santa Catarina, Brazil. METHODS: This is an ecological study of mortality from land traffic accidents from 2000 to 2016 in the municipalities of Santa Catarina. The mortality rate in the periods 2000 to 2007 and 2009 to 2016 and the difference between them was calculated. Spatial autocorrelation analysis of the product of the deviations in relation to the mean was performed according to the place of residence of the victim. RESULTS: Deaths resulting from land traffic accidents in the state of Santa Catarina totaled 28,528 cases, 50.36% in the second period, equivalent to 1.45% increase. For the death rate, there were 31.1 cases/100,000 inhabitants in the first period and 27.5 in the second, representing a reduction of 11%. CONCLUSION: Despite the overall reduction in the mortality rate from land traffic accidents in Santa Catarina after the law against drinking and driving, the increase in rates in some municipalities in the state demonstrates that there is still a need to strengthen inspections and implement other public and education policies.OBJETIVO: Avaliar o impacto da Lei Seca na mortalidade por acidentes de trânsito terrestre em Santa Catarina, Brasil. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um estudo ecológico da mortalidade por acidentes de trânsito, de 2000 a 2016, nos municípios de Santa Catarina. Calculou-se a taxa de mortalidade nos períodos 2000 a 2007 e de 2009 a 2016, bem como a diferença entre eles. Foi realizada análise de autocorrelação espacial do produto dos desvios em relação à média de acordo com o local de residência da vítima. RESULTADOS: Os óbitos decorrentes de acidentes de trânsito terrestres no estado de Santa Catarina totalizaram 28.528 casos, sendo 50,36% no segundo período, equivalente a 1,45% de aumento. Para taxa de óbitos foram 31,1 casos/100.000 habitantes no primeiro período e 27,5 no segundo, com redução de 11%. CONCLUSÃO: Apesar da redução global da taxa de mortalidade por acidentes de trânsito terrestre em Santa Catarina após a lei seca, o aumento das taxas em alguns municípios do estado demonstra que ainda há necessidade de reforço das fiscalizações e implantação de outras políticas públicas e de educação

    The main non-invasive neuromodulatory techniques: an infographic

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    INTRODUCTION: This infographic aims to present the main non-invasive neuromodulatory techniques that can be used to assess and/or modulate central nervous system excitability. Single- and paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) can be used to assess brain excitability through the delivery of magnetic pulses over the cerebral cortex. The motor evoked potential is an indirect measure of motor cortex excitability and is the most used cortical measure of excitability. RESULTS: Neuromodulation may be achieved through several techniques, which may be used to promote top-down or bottom-up effects. Among the top-down techniques is direct current stimulation (DCS) which can change its nomenclature according to the stimulation target, for example, transcranial (tDCS), or cerebellar (ctDCS). In addition, also can be included in top-down techniques  the  transcranial random noise stimulation (tRNS), transcranial alternate current stimulation (tACS), and repetitive TMS (rTMS). On other hand, the bottom-up techniques include the peripheral electrical stimulation (PES), transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS), transcutaneous spinal direct current stimulation (tsDCS), and repetitive peripheral magnetic stimulation (rPMS). CONCLUSION: The neuromodulatory effects are dependent on several parameters that can be specific to physical principles (electrical or magnetic). For example, in repetitive P/TMS the frequency, type and angular orientation of coil, distance between the coil and the brain, pulse waveform, and pattern of stimulation are presented as important parameters able to interfere with the quality of stimulation. The same can be observed in tDCS, ctDCS, and tsDCS with the polarity and shape and montage of electrode, intensity, site and duration of stimulation, and current density

    Brain morphofunctional changes associated with pain in children, adolescents and young adults with sickle cell disease

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    INTRODUCTION: Neuroimaging has been widely used to investigate the brain signature in patients with pain, but the results are heterogeneous, especially when the brain is under development, and in specific health conditions. Sickle cell disease (SCD) is often associated with chronic pain that starts in infancy, and there is a need to understand the brain of such children. OBJECTIVES: This systematic review aims to summarize the findings in the literature on brain morphofunctional changes in children, adolescents, young adults, and young adults with SCD. METHODS: Data search was performed in PubMed, LILACS, and SciELO, and results were organized to identify brain regions that showed significant structural and functional changes assessed through structural or functional MRI, or electroencephalography. RESULTS: The synthesis of five studies showed that children with SCD present decreased cerebral cortex thickness, and increased functional connectivity, mainly concentrated in the precuneus and anterior cingulate cortex, regions that make up the default mode network (DMN), and/or the pro-nociceptive network. DISCUSSION: These alterations were related to the frequency of pain and hospitalizations, and the increased connectivity in structures of the antinociceptive network is associated with a decrease in the frequency of pain crises and their consequences. CONCLUSION: Children, adolescents and young adults with SCD have decreased thickness and connectivity in the anterior cingulate cortex and precuneus

    Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation combined with Physiotherapy in the control of Chronic Pelvic Pain: a case report

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    INTRODUCTION: Chronic Pelvic Pain (CPP) is a non-menstrual pain condition of intense pain that can cause dysfunctions in some aspects such as quality of life, sexual function, among others. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on pain, as well as pelvic floor functionality, sexual dysfunction and quality of life in a patient with CPP. METHODS AND MATERIALS: This is a case report of patients with significant CPP who underwent tDCS for 5 consecutive days, targeting the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLFPC) at 2mA for 20 minutes, in combination with physiotherapy. Pain scales, a sexual function questionnaire, pelvic floor muscle function and quality of life measures were used for evaluation. RESULTS: There was a 62.06% improvement in pain intensity and a 22.91% improvement in pain interference. The average pain score decreased from 10 at the start of the intervention (D0) to 3 in the first week (D1) and 6 in the second week (D2) of post-intervention menstruation. Regarding sexual function, the results were 31.2 at D0, 31.8 at D1 and 29.3 at D2. Improvement was observed in pelvic floor muscle strength, endurance, and repetitions at D1 and D2, although there was a decrease in strength compared to D2. The average scores for domains of quality of life were as follows: physical (55.95), psychological (59.72), social relationships (69.44) and environment (82.29). CONCLUSION: tDCS positively affected pain management and pelvic floor muscle function in the patient. However, there were no significant gains observed in other domains

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    Efeito do treinamento pliométrico de curta duração no salto vertical e velocidade de sprint em jogadores de vôlei

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    INTRODUCTION: Volleyball is a fast-paced sport that involves vertical and horizontal projections of the ball by the player. The use of plyometric training is a popular method to enhance performance in players. OBJECTIVE: The present study aims to see the effect of short-duration plyometric training on vertical jump and sprint speed in volleyball players. METHOD: This study is a parallel group randomized controlled trial. Thirty-nine participants were screened for participation in the study, of which 30 were selected following the inclusion and exclusion criteria for the study. The inclusion criteria for the study comprised of volleyball players of age group 18 to 24 years, both males and females, with playing experience of at least one year, and willing to participate. The exclusion criteria for the study included players with a history of injury in the last six months, any reported neurological or musculoskeletal disorder, and any psychological condition. The selected participants were randomly allocated to Group A and Group B using the lottery method. Group A was given plyometric training for three days a week and Group B was asked to continue their regular routine exercises and playing schedule. The total duration of the intervention was four weeks. The outcome measure for the study was sprint speed and vertical jump height. Sprint speed was measured by the 20 m sprint test, and the vertical jump height was measured by the Sargent jump test. The assessment was done at the baseline and at the end of four weeks. An unpaired t-test was used to analyze between-group differences, and paired t-test was used to analyze the within-group differences in the outcome variables. The significance level was set as p<0.05. RESULTS: The result of the study showed a significant improvement in vertical jump height (MD= -7.133, 95% CI-12.657, -1.609) and no significant improvement in sprint speed when between-group comparisons were made (MD=0.084, 95%CI -0.177, -.345) with an effect size of 0.75 for vertical jump height. The within-group comparison was found significant only for vertical jump height in Group A, and there was no significant improvement was found in sprint speed for both Group A and B. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: The short-duration plyometric training is effective in improving the vertical jump height and not the sprint speed in volleyball players. The specificity of plyometric training is important for optimal improvement in sports performance.INTRODUÇÃO: O voleibol é um esporte de ritmo acelerado que envolve projeções verticais e horizontais da bola por parte do jogador. O uso de treinamento pliométrico é um método popular para melhorar o desempenho dos jogadores. OBJETIVO: O presente estudo visa verificar o efeito de quatro semanas de treinamento pliométrico em jogadores de voleibol. MÉTODO: Estudo randomizado, controlado, de grupos paralelos. Foram triados 39 participantes para participação no estudo, dos quais 30 foram selecionados seguindo os critérios de inclusão e exclusão da pesquisa. Os critérios de inclusão foram: jogadores de voleibol na faixa etária de 18 a 24 anos, de ambos os sexos, experiência de jogo de no mínimo um ano e disponibilidade para participar. Os critérios de exclusão compreendiam jogadores com histórico de lesão nos últimos seis meses, qualquer distúrbio neurológico ou musculoesquelético e qualquer condição psicológica. Os participantes selecionados foram alocados aleatoriamente no Grupo A e Grupo B usando o método de sorteio. O Grupo A recebeu treinamento pliométrico por três dias em uma semana, e o Grupo B foi solicitado a continuar seus exercícios regulares de rotina. A duração total da intervenção foi de quatro semanas. A medida de resultado para o estudo foi a velocidade do sprint e a altura do salto vertical. A velocidade de sprint foi medida pelo teste de sprint de 20 m e a altura do salto vertical foi medida pelo teste sargent jump. A avaliação foi feita no início e no final de quatro semanas. O teste t não pareado foi usado para analisar as diferenças entre os grupos e o teste t pareado foi usado para analisar as diferenças dentro do grupo nas variáveis ​​de resultado. RESULTADOS: O resultado do estudo mostrou uma melhora significativa na altura do salto vertical (MD= -7,133, IC 95% (-12,657,-1,609) e nenhuma melhora significativa na velocidade do sprint quando comparações entre grupos foram feitas (MD=0,084, 95% IC (-0,177,-,345) com um tamanho de efeito de 0,75 para a altura do salto vertical. A comparação dentro do grupo foi considerada significativa apenas para a altura do salto vertical no Grupo A, e não houve melhora significativa na velocidade de sprint para ambos Grupo A e B. CONCLUSÃO: Quatro semanas de programa pliométrico é eficaz em melhorar a altura do salto vertical e não a velocidade de sprint em jogadores de voleibol

    Efeitos da dor experimental no desempenho dos músculos flexores do cotovelo após oito semanas de treinamento de força: um estudo piloto

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    INTRODUCTION: Strength training has been recommended in clinical rehabilitation, as well as in the physical conditioning of athletes. It is not uncommon, in both cases, the presence of pain during practice; however, to date, there is no consensual information about the effects of acute muscle pain on strength training adaptations. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate the effects of experimentally induced pain on muscle strength adaptation after an 8-week training period. METHOD: The study included five untrained, healthy male volunteers. Participants were submitted to a strength training protocol (3x/week for 8 weeks) for the elbow flexor muscles. Acute muscle pain was induced at the beginning of each training session through an intramuscular infusion of 2.5 ml of hypertonic saline (6%) into the biceps brachii muscle belly. Maximal dynamic strength (1RM) and maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) were measured at pre- and after four and eight weeks of training. RESULTS: Maximal dynamic strength increased, on average, 37.3% and 78.4% after four and eight weeks, respectively. However, little, if any, difference was found in MVIC (-1.7% and – 3.0% after four and eight weeks, respectively). CONCLUSION: After 24 strength training sessions, with acute muscle pain induced every session, healthy volunteers increased their ability to produce maximal dynamic strength by more than 75%; however, isometric strength presented only small negative changes.INTRODUÇÃO: O treinamento de força tem sido recomendado na reabilitação clínica, bem como no condicionamento físico de atletas. Não é incomum, em ambos os casos, a presença de dor durante a prática; no entanto, até o momento, não há informação consensual em relação aos efeitos da dor muscular aguda nas adaptações ao treinamento de força. OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste estudo piloto foi avaliar os efeitos da dor induzida experimentalmente na adaptação da força muscular após um período de treinamento de 8 semanas. MÉTODO: O estudo incluiu cinco voluntários saudáveis do sexo masculino e não treinados. Os participantes foram submetidos a um protocolo de treinamento de força (3x/semana durante 8 semanas) para os músculos flexores do cotovelo. A dor muscular aguda foi induzida no início de cada sessão de treinamento, por meio de infusão intramuscular de 2,5 ml de solução salina hipertônica (6%) no ventre do músculo bíceps braquial. A força dinâmica máxima (1RM) e a contração isométrica voluntária máxima (CIVM) foram medidas antes e após quatro e oito semanas de treinamento. RESULTADOS: A força dinâmica máxima aumentou, em média, 37,3% e 78,4% após quatro e oito semanas, respectivamente. Entretanto, pouca ou nenhuma diferença foi encontrada na CIVM (-1,7% e -3,0% após quatro e oito semanas, respectivamente). CONCLUSÃO: Após 24 sessões de treinamento de força, com dor muscular aguda induzida a cada sessão, voluntários saudáveis aumentaram sua capacidade de produzir força dinâmica máxima em mais de 75%; entretanto, a força isométrica apresentou apenas pequenas variações negativas

    Impacto do genu recurvatum assintomático na mobilidade patelar em jovens do sexo masculino

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    BACKGROUND: Genu recurvatum is one of the most commonly presented lower extremity postural malalignments in individuals. Though genu recurvatum and its impact on impaired knee proprioception, anterior cruciate injuries and posterior soft tissue dysfunctions are reported, its association with patellar mobility is scarcely reported and warrants exploration. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the medial and lateral patellar mobility differences in adult young males with genu recurvatum and normal knee alignment. METHODS: The ethical approval for this cross-sectional study protocol was obtained and the study was conducted in Research Department of Alva’s College of Physiotherapy and Research Centre, Moodubidire, DK, Karnataka, India. The study participants were recruited through an institutional-based musculoskeletal and sports clinic. The estimated sample size for this study was 174. A total of 87 young males with genu recurvatum and 87 young males with normal knee alignment fulfilling the selection criteria were enrolled in two groups. Participants\u27 knee joint was examined by an assessor and individuals with > 5⁰ knee hyperextension were assigned to genu recurvatum group, and individuals with knee extension < 5⁰ from neutral were assigned to the normal knee alignment group. Further, the patellar glide test was performed to examine the presence of patellar hypermobility in both groups. RESULTS: The mean age of the participants in genu recurvatum and normal knee alignment group was 22.04 + 1.860 and 21.91 + 1.869, respectively. A significant higher proportion (86.2%) of participants with genu recurvatum identified with patellar hypermobility compared to normal knee alignment. Within the genu recurvatum subjects, 66.66& and 19.54% were observed to have medial and lateral patellar hypermobility. The odds for occurrence of patellar hypermobility in genu recurvatum was estimated to be 13.007 (95%, CI, 5.481 – 30.866), respectively. CONCLUSION: The study result suggests that medial patellar hypermobility is more common in individuals with genu recurvatum. Further study investigating on the mechanism contributing towards medial patellar mobility in genu recurvatum populations could validate the present study findings.INTRODUÇÃO: Genu recurvatum é um dos desalinhamento posturais dos membros inferiores mais comumente apresentado em indivíduos. Embora o genu recurvatum e seu impacto na propriocepção prejudicada do joelho, lesões cruzadas anteriores e disfunções dos tecidos moles posteriores sejam relatados, sua associação com a mobilidade patelar é pouco relatada e merece exploração. OBJETIVOS: Avaliar as diferenças de mobilidade patelar medial e lateral em homens adultos do sexo masculino com genu recurvatum e alinhamento normal do joelho. MÉTODOS: O protocolo do estudo foi explicado e a aprovação ética para o protocolo do estudo foi obtida e o estudo foi conduzido no Departamento de Pesquisa do Alva’s College of Physiotherapy and Research Centre, Moodubidire, DK, Karnataka, India. Os participantes do estudo foram recrutados por meio de clínica musculoesquelética e esportiva de base institucional. O tamanho estimado da amostra para este estudo foi de 174. Um total de 87 jovens do sexo masculino com genu recurvatum e 87 jovens do sexo masculino com alinhamento normal do joelho foram incluídos em dois grupos. A articulação do joelho dos participantes foi examinada por um avaliador e os indivíduos com hiperextensão do joelho > 5⁰ foram designados para o grupo Genu recurvatum, e os indivíduos com extensão do joelho < 5⁰ do neutro foram designados para o grupo de alinhamento normal do joelho. Além disso, o teste de deslizamento patelar foi realizado para examinar a presença de hipermobilidade patelar. RESULTADOS: A média de idade dos participantes do grupo genu recurvatum e alinhamento normal do joelho foi 22,04 + e 21,91 + 1,869, respectivamente. Uma proporção significativamente maior (86,2%) de participantes com genu recurvatum identificados com hipermobilidade patelar em comparação com indivíduos com alinhamento normal do joelho. Entre os indivíduos com genu recurvatum, observou-se que 66,66% e 19,54% apresentavam hipermobilidade patelar medial e lateral. Entre aqueles com alinhamento normal do joelho, 44,83% apresentaram hipermobilidade patelar. A razão de chances para ocorrência de hipermobilidade patelar no genu recurvatum foi estimada em 13,007 (95%, IC, 5,481 – 30,866), respectivamente. CONCLUSÃO: O resultado do estudo sugere que a hipermobilidade patelar medial é mais comum em indivíduos com genu recurvatum. Um estudo mais aprofundado que investigue o mecanismo detalhado que contribui para a mobilidade patelar medial em populações de genu recurvatum poderia validar os resultados do presente estudo

    Agregação de fatores de risco cardiovascular como preditor para desfecho negativo em indivíduos acometidos por Covid-19

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    OBJECTIVE: To verify whether the aggregation of cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) is a predictor for negative outcomes in individuals affected by COVID-19. METHODS: Epidemiological study with secondary data on COVID-19 in Salvador/Bahia, from March to December 2020. There were 10,077 records obtained from the database made available by the Centro de Informações Estratégicas de Vigilância em Saúde (Center for Strategic Information on Health Surveillance) in the municipality of Salvador. RESULTS: The mean age of the individuals was 60.40 years (sd ± 19.30), most of them male (53.88%), mixed race/color (71.83%) and attended high school (43.53 %). Diabetes mellitus was present in 48.83% of people, chronic heart disease in 60.58%, and a mean BMI of 34.79 (SD ± 8.48). Most hospitalizations (52.79%) progressed to ICU admission after 1.20 days (sd ± 4.03). The mean ICU stay was 8.76 days (SD ± 11.17). Most of these individuals were cured (61.88%), but 37.97% died. In the association of outcomes, 54.83% (p<0.01) of people with heart disease and 54.71% (p<0.01) with diabetes were cured of COVID-19. Among the individuals who did not go to the ICU, 85.43% (p<0.01) were cured and 55.90% (p<0.01) of those who were, died. Descriptive analysis of CVRF accumulation did not point to differences in the outcome when one or more associated factors are present. CONCLUSION: the presence of one or more CVRF was not a predictor for a serious outcome in individuals with COVID-19 in the city of Salvador in 2020.OBJETIVO: Verificar se a agregação de fatores de risco cardiovascular (FRCV) é preditora para desfechos negativos em indivíduos acometidos por COVID-19. MÉTODOS: Estudo epidemiológico com dados secundários sobre COVID-19 em Salvador/Bahia, de março a dezembro de 2020. Houve 10.077 registros obtidos através do banco de dados disponibilizado pelo Centro de Informações Estratégicas de Vigilância em Saúde do município de Salvador. RESULTADOS: A média de idade dos indivíduos foi 60,40 anos (dp ± 19,30), a maioria sexo masculino (53,88%), raça/cor parda (71,83%) e cursou ensino médio (43,53%). Diabetes mellitus estava presente em 48,83% das pessoas, cardiopatia crônica em 60,58%, e IMC médio de 34,79 (dp ± 8,48). A maioria das internações (52,79%) evoluiu para admissão em UTI, após 1,20 dias (dp ± 4,03). A média de permanência na UTI foi 8,76 dias (dp ± 11,17). A maioria desses indivíduos evoluiu para a cura (61,88%), porém 37,97% foram à óbito. Na associação dos desfechos 54,83% (p<0,01) das pessoas com cardiopatias e 54,71% (p<0,01) com diabetes ficaram curadas da COVID-19. Dentre os indivíduos que não foram para UTI 85,43% (p<0,01) ficaram curados e 55,90% (p<0,01) dos que foram evoluíram à óbito. Análise descritiva do acúmulo de FRCV não apontou diferenças no desfecho quando se tem um ou mais fatores associados CONCLUSÃO: A presença de um ou mais FRCV não foi preditor para desfecho grave nos indivíduos com COVID-19 no município de Salvador em 2020

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