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Domestic Cat (Felis silvestris catus) Urine Odour as a Potential Rodent Management Strategy
No full text The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of cat urine odour extract on rodent pest species to reduce crop losses. Cat urine from the captured cats was drawn using cat catcher. Urinary catheter was inserted into the urethra up to the urinary bladder and a syringe attached to the urinary catheter was used to draw urine which was stored in universal bottles at a temperature below -20ºC. The stored cat urine was directly bound to the maize starch by slowly mixing the urine with the starch until dough was formed which was then granulated. The granules were dried at room temperature and packed in a tight closed jar. Mastomys natalensis of 25 – 40 g were used in this study. Wild captured individuals were acclimatized in a room for 7 days prior to experiment by providing them with food and water. The effect of cat urine odours on rodent pest species was studied in a single box. Camera traps were set at the top of each room in order to monitor rodents’ activities. Our Findings suggests Â
How Physical Facilities Affect Girls’ Education in Community Secondary Schools in Tanzania
No full textWhereas students have generally been understood to be the ones who pass or fail examinations, it is the argument in this paper that actually it is the education system that predetermines the student academic performance. This paper reports results of a study that was conducted to explore the factors affecting girls’ education in community secondary schools in Mbeya City. Overall, the study assessed a range of factors including roles of school matrons and female teachers as role models, physical facilities, social practices and school timetabling; as key factors affecting girls’ education in community secondary schools. The data for this study were obtained from six selected community secondary schools. Questionnaires, interview schedules, focused group discussion, and documentary review protocols were employed to obtain the data needed to achieve the objectives of this study. This particular paper however, presents findings related to physical facilities in community secondary schools. The finding is that physical facilities in community secondary schools are not friendly to girls, and thus such a state contributes in predetermining poor academic performance among girls in such schools. Â
Causes of Nagging in Marriage as Expressed by Married Women in Oyo State, Nigeria
No full text Nagging in marriage is one of the peculiar characteristics that are common among married women and this can results into various problems among couples. from varying factors. This study investigated the causes of nagging in marriage as expressed by married women in Oyo State, Nigeria. Descriptive survey design was adopted for this study. Proportional and stratified sampling techniques were used to draw a sample of 663 married women who participated in the study. The instrument used to obtain data was a researcher designed questionnaire tagged “Causes of Nagging Questionnaire (CNQ)â€. Frequency count and percentage were used to analyze the demographic data of the respondents while all hypotheses were tested using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) at 0.05 alpha level of significance. The findings of the study revealed that nagging in marriage can be caused by lack of effective communication between couple, inability to tolerate individual differences, financial problem, disagreement on religious matters and unsatisfactory sexual relationship. The hypotheses tested revealed that there is no significant difference in the causes of nagging as expressed by married women on the bases of educational qualification, religion and length of years in marriage. Based on the findings of this study it was recommended that couples irrespective of age, educational qualification and gender should be encouraged to go for counselling before contracting  marriage, marriage counsellors should educate their clients on the desirability of acquiring effective communication skills, in order to guard against nagging in their marriage. Â
Social Work Implication on Care and Vulnerability of Older People in Tanzania
No full textThis paper attempts to discuss the social work implications on ageing and vulnerability in Tanzania. The main objective of the study was to examine the social, economic and health status and the role of social workers in helping the older people to make them not only to make best choices about their future but also contribute to development to the communities surrounding them. The study was conducted in Bagamoyo district where four villages (i.e. Msigi, Tawalanda, Matipwili and Sadani) were selected. The main target population was the older people, community members, local government leaders and health providers. The main variables which were studied included social, economic, health and ideological issues. The main findings of the study revealed that, despite the existence of policies such as the national ageing policy, health policy, national social security policy, and old people remained vulnerable. It was noted for example that, the low level of income determined the type of food afforded by older people, accessibility to health services and other basic needs. The situation was worse to older people who shouldered the responsibility of grandchildren. The study also noted that, there were no social workers in the rural areas. The social workers were found at the district headquarters but also in few numbers. The study was not able to establish the capacity of social workers in making a meaningful intervention to older people’s concerns. The study recommends that, there was a dire need to provide reliable social services in the rural areas which would assist the older people. Further it is recommended that, the introduction of social pension would greatly increase the economic capacity of older people. Last but not least the study recommends for the need for research on dynamics of ageing with physiological, psychological, cultural and environmental factors in attempt to develop a positive attitudes to older people
Experiential Manifestation of Youth Violence in Tanzania: A Case Study of Commando Yosso Notorious Youth Gangs
No full textIn many societies youth constitute presumably large segments of the population and loci of dependable breadwinners. The majorities do not however represent monolithic and organized social order, designate instead mundane performances such as rural-urban migrations, forming gangs for notorious activities and carrying out uncontrolled street-level informal economic operations. An increased trend of rural-urban migration annually exacerbates the common problem of youth unemployment. Problems of street-level employment opportunities force many youth to join notorious gang activities aimed at terrorizing communities barely for the sake of making ends meet. They formed nefarious gangs that assumed a common name of Commando Yosso deviously engaging in night licentious activities. A full-fledged program for eradication of violent gangs was established and implemented victoriously. The escalation of perilous activities of the Commando Yosso gangs paradoxically attracted many more rural youth who swarmed with alacrity in Dar es Salaam City in anticipation of making quick fortunes. Alas! Uncovering the dissolution of notorious youth gangs’ activities, the naïve new city comers joined in desperation street level petty businesses. The urbane former Commando Yosso conjoin other unrepentant youth to become regular street-level petty business marchers, hence took up an assumed name of Machinga or Wamachinga[1]. Therefore, it is significant for relevant authorities to enforce policies of an early warning intervention as a way of restraining notorious youth gangs before they become uncontrollable. This is of paramount importance because in most cases dangerous escapades start as a dot on the horizon.Â
Tafsiri ya Mazungumzo Katika Filamu za Kiswahili
No full textTaaluma ya tafsiri huingiliana na nyanja nyingine za kitaaluma kutokana na kujishughulisha kwake katika mawasiliano. Makala haya yanachunguza tafsiri ya mazungumzo ya Kiingereza katika filamu za Kiswahili nchini Tanzania. Filamu zilizoteuliwa katika uchunguzi ni ile ya Vita Baridi na Love & Power. Kimahususi, makala imechunguza mikakati mbalimbali iliyotumika kupata tafsiri ya mazungumzo ya Kiingereza kwenye filamu za Kiswahili wakati inajulikana kwamba mfumo wa mazungumzo na maandishi hutofautiana kisifa. Pia tafsiri ya mazungumzo ina kanuni na sheria zake. Sambamba na hayo, lugha ya Kiswahili na Kiingereza hutofautiana kiisimu, kitamaduni, kimazingira pamoja na kihistoria. Data zimechambuliwa kwa kuongozwa na nadharia ya ulinganifu kama ilivyoasisiwa na Nida na kisha kuendelezwa na Catford na Newmark. Makala imebaini kwamba matini asilia humwongoza mtafsiri kutumia mikakati kama vile udondoshaji, ufupishaji, ufafanuzi kimuhtasari, uingizaji na matumizi ya tarakimu katika mchakato wa tafsiri ya mazunugmzo ya Kiingereza kwenye filamu za Kiswahili
Muziki wa Hip Hop na Haki Za Kijamii: Dhima, Changamoto na Mapendekezo
No full textHaki za kijamii ni suala ibuka na la msingi kumakinikiwa katika uchunguzi na uchambuzi wa kazi za fasihi. Ni jambo ambalo linahitaji kujadiliwa na kuelezewa kwa jicho la kisanii. Sanaa ina nguvu sana katika kuelimisha, kuonya, kuadili, kuhamasisha, na kufunza. Ni dhahiri kuwa haki za kijamii zinaweza kuwasilishwa kwa jamii pana kupitia sanaa ya hip hop. Makala haya basi, yanabainisha dhima na mchango wa muziki wa hip hop katika masuala ya haki za kijamii, yanafafanua changamoto za muziki huu katika kuwasilisha haki za kijamii na kutoa mapendekezo kwa makundi husika
Comparative Economic Analysis of Beekeeping Using Traditional and Improved Beehives in the Miombo Woodlands of Tabora and Katavi Regions, Tanzania
No full textThe study was carried out in Tabora and Katavi regions in the miombo woodlands of Tanzania. The overall objective of the study was to undertake a comparative economic analysis of beekeeping using improved or traditional beehives. Data were collected from 198 beekeepers that were randomly selected from a sampling frame of 237 beekeepers using a structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, analysis of variance (ANOVA) along with budgetary analysis and profitability ratios. The findings revealed that improved beehives were more productive than traditional beehives, although both beekeeping systems were profitable ventures. However, beekeepers who used traditional beehives realized higher net farm incomes than those who used improved beehives. Return on investment was estimated to be 3.7% per shilling for beekeepers using traditional beehives against 1.3, 0.3 and 0.8% for those using Tanzania Top Bar, Box and Longstroth (improved beehives), respectively. The lower gains associated with improved beehives that are more productive than traditional ones, are most likely to be a result of failures within the market system to value and reward quality. Earnings for adopters of these productivity enhancing beehives could increase if new mechanisms that allow fair pricing of high-quality honey extracted from such beehives are instituted in local markets. These endeavours could be pioneered by relevant institution including local government and non-governmental organizations in respective areas. Â
Enhancing Open Distance Learning through Competency-Based Approaches: A Case of The Open University of Tanzania
No full textThe study investigated the learning style preferences of 250 students at the Open University of Tanzania in five components of teaching and learning namely: (a) mode of material delivery, (b) interactions of students with materials, with their peers, and with their instructors, (c) the structure in which learning materials are presented (d) technology skills and usage/e- learning, and (e) evaluation/assessment methods. The study established that while students preferred structured lecture notes, they, on the other hand, preferred assessment approaches that examined them for mastery of concepts, logical reasoning, application, and sequencing of ideas. The study recommended the necessity of developing students’ e-learning skills to allow for the use of cutting edge technology to help them help student improve vital competencies needed for personal, professional as well as national development. The study also recommended the need to create more interactions among students through discussion boards and online presentations. The study concluded that integration of a competency- based curriculum in the ODL has great potential to influence learners’ competencie
Assessment of Kivunjo as Second Language Learners’ Competence
No full textThe current study sought to assess the second language learners‟ competence at lexical, syntactic, morphological, comprehension and pragmatic levels. The language under study was Kivunjo dialect of Chagga, spoken in Kilimanjaro. The study involved 68 subjects who included 28 subjects who were dubbed „the diasporaâ€,  20 immigrants into Kivunjo speaking area by virtue of their marriage, and 20 who were residing in Kivunjo speaking area because they are working or doing business in the area. Two instruments were used to collect data. The first was a cloze test to measure the respondents‟ level of competence and the second was questionnaire which was aimed at capturing the respondents‟ biodata focusing on their age, sex, place of birth and growth, and their domicile. The findings showed that the respondents‟ level of competence was such that the majority from all three clusters performed between „fair‟ and „very good‟ , which gives the impression that most of them were able to communicate accurately and appropriately. However, there was variability across the three groups which point to the fact that the Kivunjo as L2 speakers are no a homogenous group with regard to their varying levels of competence.Â