The Open University of Tanzania Online Journals System
Not a member yet
933 research outputs found
Sort by
Is Value-added Tax a Moneymaking-Machine for Developing Economies? Evidence from Ghana
No full textValue-added tax (VAT) became a tax of choice recommended by the Breton Wood Institutions to boost tax revenue shares in developing countries. However, after several decades of VAT implementation globally, empirical evidence on its revenue effects is still inconclusive. The key question in this paper is: has the adoption of value-added tax (VAT) really made Ghana’s tax revenue mobilisation better off? This paper employs both the Fully Modified OLS and Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approaches to test the moneymaking hypothesis for Ghana’s VAT. On the whole, the study fails to uphold the view that the VAT is a moneymachine for Ghana. This implies that its adoption has not really brought about any dramatic improvement in aggregate tax shares. The study therefore recommends a reduction in the over concentration on VAT. An appropriate balance of tax-mix is therefore recommended
Analyzing inflation in Nigeria: a fractionally integrated ARFIMA-GARCH modelling Approach
No full textThe study looked into the stochastic properties of CPI-inflation rate for Nigeria from 1995Q1 to 2016Q4. The study employed an autoregressive fractionally integrated moving average and a general autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (ARFIMA-GARCH) methodology as well as ADF/KPSS to investigate the long-memory properties of CPI-Inflation for Nigeria. The study found that CPI-inflation in Nigeria is shock dissipating at a geometric rate (fast mean reverting ability). The ARFIMA-GARCH process showed that CPI inflation in Nigeria is a heteroskedastic fractionally integrated process with quick mean reverting ability. The study therefore concludes that shocks to CPI-inflation in Nigeria such as sudden hikes in prices of energy products will not cause a permanent change in general price level but will eventually return to its mean state, and therefore having an implication for the Inflation-Unemployment tradeoff of the Philips curve
The Poverty Hypothesis and Intergenerational Transmission of Child Labor: Evidence from Ghana
No full textThis study seeks to find evidence to support the claim that Child labor in Ghana is mainly a poverty phenomenon and follows an inter-generational pattern. The two econometric approaches used show that poor households are more likely to send their children out to work. Furthermore, parents are more likely to send their children out to work if they were child laborers themselves. The study recommends that policy should focus on the reduction of poverty since it is a major determinant of child labor, this will automatically prevent the perpetuation of child labor into the next generation
Reaching the last 10 percent out of school children: the role of AIDS
No full textThis paper investigates the role of AIDS on children being out of school. Put differently, whether it is because of AIDS that children are out of school. The main data source was the Northern Uganda Survey of 2004 conducted by Uganda Bureau of Statistics (UBOS) between July and December 2004. The survey was meant to provide indicators to guide the monitoring and evaluation function of the NUSAF project period in 18 districts of Northern Uganda. We defined and identified ‘aids affected households’, used descriptive analysis as well as a multinomial specification. We further explored the role of poverty using changes in household asset value between 1992 and 2004. There is no conclusive evidence that children are out of school due to AIDS. AIDS has a marginal effect on children failing to continue in school but this is not statistically significant. However there is strong evidence that children are out of school because of a decline in household asset value. To reach children who have never attended school, rather than focusing on ‘AIDS affected households’, a much greater impact is expected from preventing major decline in ‘household asset value’
Socio-Economic Status and Malaria Prevalence among Infants: the Case of Uganda.
No full textThe rationale of this study is to explain the link between household welfare, the region in which an infant is situated, literacy level of a mother and malaria prevalence among infants in Uganda with a more recent nationally representative data set that is the 2006 Uganda Demographic and Health Survey in lieu of the findings by other researchers on this particular subject. This was done with the aid of logit model estimation. The findings indicate that the region where an infant situated is fundamental in explaining malaria prevalence among infants. Alongside region is the location of a child whether he or she is in the rural or urban setting, the findings indicate that malaria prevalence lower among urban infants as compared to their rural counterparts. In conclusion, it was observed that malaria prevalence is not a case of household socioeconomic conditions but rather it's a communal disease as exemplified by the significance of region and urban-rural location of an infant
Export-Led Growth Hypothesis: Evidence from Agricultural Exports in Tanzania
No full textThis study examines the nature and direction of causality in Tanzania between economic growth and agricultural exports along with some selected variables such as labour force and domestic investment. The analysis for this study was carried out using time series data for the period of 1980 to 2013. The data series were tested for stationarity using Phillips-perron test and the results revealed that they were all stationary and integrated of order one I(1). The Johansen test of cointegration revealed that there are cointegrating vectors in the system. The Granger causality test results revealed no any support of the export-led growth (ELG) hypothesis for Tanzania. However, the growth-led exports (GLE) hypothesis for Tanzania was supported by the results of this study, implying that the government of Tanzania needs to promote growth in order to generate exports
Determinants of Farmers’ participation in high value crops in Tanzania
No full textThis paper is based on a study undertaken to analyze market participation of tomato smallholder famers in three districts of Morogoro region in eastern Tanzania. A multi-stage random sampling procedure was employed to select the sample. Determinants and extent of market participation were estimated using Heckman selection and outcome equations respectively. It was found that characteristics of market participants and non-market participants were not statistically different. The paper recommends that that the government should beef up extension services especially in the aspect of market information to farmers in order to enlighten them on the recommended production techniques, market price and also to improve tomato production. Moreover, rural information centres as well as mobile telephony system should be formed so as to enhance tomato farmers’ regular access to information on market dynamics
Immunization Status and Child Survival in Uganda
No full textUsing the UDHS 2006 and 2011 and employing the Cox model, we tested the hypothesis that childhood immunization equalizes all children irrespective of parental background. Our findings reject this hypothesis. However, we find strong support to the view that childhood immunization decisively dampens child mortality. Immunised children reduce the risk of mortality by 17-38%. Immunised children with DPT/Polio reduce risk of mortality by 2543%. Children immunised with measles and BCG shots reduce the risk of mortality by 3844%. Efforts intended to improve child survival need to go beyond the childhood immunization campaigns and recognise other sources of mortality and morbidity
The Link between Market Orientation and Customer Satisfaction in the Tourism Industry: A Situational Analysis of Sub-Saharan Africa
No full textThis literature study provides a review of research in the fields of market orientation and customer satisfaction in the tourism industry. The objective of this research is to assess the link between market orientation, customer satisfaction and tourism business development in SubSaharan Africa. This link has not been studied in this region before and this research gives a situational analysis of the conducted research. The assumption supported in the literature is that market orientation promotes business performance, and ultimately improves customer satisfaction and loyalty to the products/services offered by the organization. Both market orientation and customer satisfaction are supposed to create value for customers. However, there are few studies of this kind in Africa and very few, in Sub-Saharan Africa. Studies linking market orientation to customer satisfaction are mainly in the form of consultancy reports and a few are academic in nature. The focus on tourism industry is due to its importance for the region. The tourism industry is fast growing, internationally competitive, generates foreign currency and creates employment. The findings are that no research has been conducted in the tourism industry in Sub-Saharan Africa linking market orientation to customer satisfaction
Appropriateness of Sexual and Reproductive Health Information Provided to Adolescents in Primary Schools: A Case Study of Morogoro Municipality
No full textAdolescents are exposed to, they still indulge in risky sexual behaviours including pre-marital sex, multiple sex partners and unprotected sex despite the various sources of sexual and reproductive health information. A qualitative research design was done in two primary schools in Morogoro Municipality. The study revealed various formal and informal sources of sexual and reproductive health information. The information is through simple Kiswahili and a mixture of English/Kiswahili languages. Television uses Kiswahili slang words that may bring confusion. They get very important information as they apply and practice the information in their day to day life.Â