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Patterns of Domestic Violence as Expressed By Married People in Ilorin Metropolis Nigeria: Implications for Marital and Health Counsellors
No full textDomestic violence is taking a different dimension in various societies. This study appraised the patterns of (and brief examination of the causes of) domestic violence as expressed by married people in Ilorin metropolis. Variables of age, gender, religion and socio-economic status were considered. The descriptive research design was adopted for this study. Simple Random Sampling Technique was used to select 200 respondents for the study. The instrument for the study was a reseacher-developed questionnaire entitled " Patterns of Domestic Violence Questionnaire"(PDVQ). The instrument was validated by five experts in the Department of Counsellor Education, University of Ilorin, Nigeria. The reliability of the instrument was established using the test-retest method and a coefficient of 0.59 was obtained. The null hypothesis formulated for the study was analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and t-test at 0.05 level of significance. It was observed that poor sexual relationship, poverty, poor conflict resolution skill, lack of respect for other spouses’ personality, infidelity are the causes of domestic violence. The result however, revealed that denying one's spouse access to money and other basic resources at home, deliberately hitting him/her, deliberately doing something to make him/her feel diminished or embarrassed among others are the patterns of domestic violence. There were significant differences in the patterns of domestic violence as expressed by married people in Ilorin metropolis on the bases of gender and religion. In view of the findings, it was recommended that marriage and health counsellors should educate married people on the actions/inactions which constitute patterns of domestic violence. They should also encourage couples who are experiencing one form of domestic violence or the other to seek help with couensellors so that appropriate measures could be recommended.Â
THE INFLUENCE OF TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT ON STUDENTS’ ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE IN TANZANIA: A REFLECTION FROM DEVELOPING ECONOMIES
No full textThe purpose of the study was to investigate the influence of technological development on students’ academic performance in public secondary schools in Musoma Municipality in Tanzania. Four objectives guided the researcher to examine students’ perceptions about technological development in relation to their schooling; to determine the usefulness of technology in teaching and learning; to identify the challenges associated with technological development in teaching and learning of students; and to assess how stakeholders participate in improving students’ academic performance by using technological development opportunities. 113 participants volunteered participation in the study. The study used both quantitative and qualitative approaches adopting correlation and descriptive research design. Data collection involved self-administered questionnaires, documentary reviews, and structured interviews. Data especially quantitative were analyzed using computer software and the qualitative data were analyzed using thematic approach. Results showed that technological development such as computers, television and mobile phones placed more limitations than advantages on students’ academic achievements. In addition, students’ use of technologies was not directed to learning resulting in students’ misuse of technological resources. Many students used technological development for romantic and none academic purposes that seemed to adversely affect their academic performance. The study recommended that teachers should introduce various directives, rules and regulations on how to use different forms of technologies in their teaching and learning processes. The government should develop a policy to guide students and teachers on proper use of technological development in teaching and learning to improve students’ academic performance.Â
PEDAGOGICAL LEADERSHIP IN TEACHER TRAINING FOR SOCIO- ECONOMIC GROWTH AND POVERTY REDUCTION IN TANZANIA: THE CASE OF OPEN UNIVERSITY OF TANZANIA
No full textThe paper discusses the role Teacher Education and Training can play to make schools instrumental in fighting poverty. It utilizes the National Strategy for Growth and Reduction of Poverty (NSGRP) of 2005 in Tanzania to argue for type of leadership and teaching strategies which schools can adopt to realize desired socio-economic and cultural transformation, and poverty reduction goals. Data were collected and analyzed from various documents and interviews with leaders and teachers of relatively successful schools in the country which showed that, as an approach, pedagogical leadership techniques could enable student learning transcending beyond immediate school borders to the homes and wider community, hence considered an ideal approach for managing education and schools in Tanzania of NSGRP era. However, the findings also show the approach as working more effectively in decentralized educational systems with administrative and curricular decisions made at lower levels including the grassroots. It was also found that teachers are prime movers of any educational reform, thus a need for re-orientation of teacher education curriculum for both pre-service and in-service participants to enable coping with pedagogical techniques of teaching and leading schools. The paper therefore endorses the inclusion of pedagogical leadership values in Teacher Training programmes if they are to yield NSGRP desired outcomes, genuine decentralization of management and administration of education and training, and re-orientation of teachers every time there are changes to enable them cope with new changes and demands
Assessing the Nature and Impact of Organisational Communication in Government Secondary Schools in Tanzania
Get PDFThis study was conducted in order to investigate the behaviour of heads of secondary schools in how they use the administrative competence of communication and the impact of the observed communication practices to the objectives of organizational communication. Specifically, the study assessed how heads of schools are utilising specific skills for communication and how communication in schools is impacting teachers’ performance. The study involved 326 teachers, twenty head of secondary schools, from twenty government secondary schools and two educational officers from Makete and Morogoro districts in Tanzania. Questionnaires and interviews were used to collect data. The quantitative data were analysed using computer software, Statistical Package for Social Sciences, version 18, in which frequencies and percentages of responses from respondents were computed. Qualitative data gained from interviews were analysed in themes according to the research objectives. The findings indicated that poor communication dominated in most of studied schools and heads of schools were found not competent in effective communication. On the ways of improving organisational communication in schools, Heads of secondary schools recommended, among other things, training organisational communication because they acknowledged the importance of communication in carrying out day-to-day administrative responsibilities
Determinants of Public Health Expenditure Growth in Tanzania: An Application of Bayesian Model
No full textThis paper identifies some major drivers of per capita public health expenditure growth in Tanzania using nationally representative annual data between 1995 and 2014. It used Bayesian model based on Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) simulation. The empirical result shows that both the real GDP per capita and population age 65 years and older exert a positive effect on per capita public health expenditure growth in Tanzania. Advances in medical technologies represented by life expectancy seem to reduce real per capita public health expenditure growth in Tanzania. However, the credible intervals for life expectancy and population age 65 years and older are very wide suggesting a lot of uncertainty with these estimates. The results imply that, future trends in per capita public health spending would mainly depend on the development of the economy such as real per capita gross domestic product. The result suggests the rapid growth in real per capita public health expenditure is likely to continue in future when the country economy becomes more robust and increase of population age 65 years and above
Enhancing Agricultural Value Chain for Economic Diversification in Nigeria
No full textThis study examined how enhancing the agricultural value chain can contribute to rapid economic diversification in Nigeria within the period of 1981-2015. The autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model was employed as the econometric method of estimation. The inferences were drawn at 5% significant level. The result revealed that the agriculture expenditure had positive and significant impact on agriculture sector productivity in Nigeria. The findings showed that agricultural raw material, agricultural machinery and agricultural land have direct impact on agricultural productivity in Nigeria. Agricultural machinery and agricultural land were found to be statistically significant at 5% significance level. The empirical results revealed that capital and labour have direct impact on economic growth. However, agriculture productivity had positive impact on economic growth in Nigeria. The study concluded that agricultural value chain contributed significantly to the diversification of the Nigerian economy. The study suggests that government should make deliberate efforts to create institutions that will make policy programmes on agricultural development not only to enhance its growth and the overall output growth but also make it inclusive
Improving Access to Livestock Markets for Sustainable Rangeland Management
No full textProductivity of rangelands in Kenya is affected by increasing crop farming especially in more fertile range areas. Among the key factors driving the encroachment of crops on rangelands are the changing opportunities brought about by markets. We hypothesize that the existing market inefficiencies characterizing livestock markets, especially the price disincentives that livestock producers face, are major risks rangelands face. To analyze the effect of livestock market conditions on rangeland management, we draw on household survey and economic modeling tools. We find that traders’ rent seeking behavior and high transport costs act as disincentives to livestock producers’ participation in livestock markets and influence their decisions in seeking alternative rangeland uses to sustain livelihoods. However, improved livestock market access enhances livestock producers’ livelihoods and the stewardship of the ecosystems thus reducing pastoralists’ vulnerability to ecological climate variability associated with rangelands
The Relative Importance of the Channels of Monetary Policy Transmission in a Developing Country: The Case of Zambia
No full textThis study sought to examine relative importance of the different channels of the monetary transmission mechanism in Zambia. Vector Autoregressive Methods are used to examine the strength of each channel of monetary policy, namely interest rate, Exchange rate, credit and asset price channels. Results indicate that the exchange rate and credit are effective channels of monetary policy transmission in Zambia. Further, the study shows that although the interest channel is working it is weak while the equity or asset price channel is not important. From a policy perspective, these results imply that Central Bank is required to continuously monitor developments in the credit and conditions in foreign exchange markets in order to design effective monetary policies. In addition, concerted efforts are needed towards enhancing the asset/equity price channel in Zambia to make monetary policy to be more effective
The Socioeconomic Determinants of the Prevalence HIV/AIDS among Women in Cameroon
No full textHIV/AIDS infection is a serious public health problem in Cameroon. It is a main cause of mortality which negatively affects the economic and social development of the country. The last demographic health survey in the country shows that the phenomenon is widespread and affects mostly youths and women. The aim of this study is to analyse the socioeconomic determinants of HIV/AIDS prevalence among women in Cameroon. The methodology is theoretically inspired by the economic rational choice theory of sexual risk behaviour and uses logistic regression for empirical testing. Data is collected from the 2011 Demographic Health Survey of the National Institute of Statistics. The results show that women who have a high probability of being HIV Positive are those who are sexually active, widows or divorced, live in urban areas, uneducated or have primary education, and belong to poor or average income households. These are also women who are physically assaulted, who don’t use condoms, are not aware of HIV/AIDS, have many sexual partners, are unemployed, and have male sexual partners who are older than them
Agricultural Trade and Economic Growth in East African Community
No full textEast African Community states, as many other states in the region, depend largely on agricultural activities to boost their economic growth and create employment. Up to 80 per cent of the populace depends on agriculture directly and indirectly for food, employment and income, while about 40 million people in EAC suffer from hunger. The role of trade in economic growth and vice versa cannot be over emphasized. However, whether there is any link between EAC’s regional trade and the region’s economic growth remain unknown. This study therefore investigated the relationship of the agricultural trade with economic growth in East African Community. Several bi-variate Vector Auto-Regressive (VAR) and Vector Error Correction Models (VECM) were also estimated. Granger causality test and Impulse response analysis on trade and economic growth were performed using panel data from UNCOMTRADE,
International Financial Statistics and World Development Indicators for the period 2000 – 2012 on the five EAC members and other 77 trade partners. Empirical findings showed mixed results for the different EAC member states. There existed bi-directional relationship between agricultural exports and economic growth in Kenya, uni-directional relationship in Rwanda, and no relationship at all in Burundi, Tanzania and Uganda