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The impact of Households Fuel Wood Energy Consumption to Forest Resources: A Case Study Ruangwa District
Get PDFThe purpose of this paper is to evaluate the effects of household fuel wood energy dependency on village trees in Ruangwa District. The study's specific
goals were to identify energy sources in Ruangwa District, investigate the
consequences of home energy dependency on trees in rural areas, and evaluate strategies to alleviate the effects of household energy dependency on forests. The study used a case study in southern Tanzania to examine the effects of household fuel wood energy dependency on forest resources. The study sample constituted
96 local forest resource stakeholders. Purposive and non-probability sampling techniques were employed in data collection. Both quantitative and qualitative
methodologies were used. Closed and open-ended questionnaires were used to
collect both primary and secondary data including relevant documents related to village forest resource production, sales patterns, and resource control. The study established that, charcoal and firewood were the primary sources of cooking energy. Also, lack of knowledge and household poverty had a significant impact on forest management and control. The study concluded that, poverty was the primary factor driving household reliance on charcoal and firewood compounded by forest management authorities restricting local communities from extracting essential forest products; and lack of education on the importance of conserving trees in the local environment. Recommended that, local communities should be educated on the negative fuel wood human activities to the environment specifically excessive tree cutting for fuel wood energy. Besides, villages around forest resources and forest management on authority should jointly draw regulations and supervision mechanisms sustainable use of forest resources and products
Effect of Job Satisfaction on Organizational Commitment: Evidence from Employees of a Special Mission Organization in Rwanda
Get PDFThis study assessed the effect of job satisfaction and demographic characteristics on the organizational commitment of employees (N = 119) in Rwanda. The study adopted a cross-sectional survey design for data collection. Descriptive, correlation, standard, and hierarchical regression analysis techniques were used to carry out the analysis. The effect of intrinsic job satisfaction was positive and significant on overall organizational commitment, continuance, and normative commitment, but negative and significant on affective commitment. The opposite was the case for extrinsic job satisfaction, although the effect on affective commitment was insignificant. The effect of satisfaction with the work environment was positive but only significant on affective commitment and significantly negative on continuance commitment. Job satisfaction dimensions had a significant unique effect on the overall and all the organizational commitment dimensions, even after controlling for the effect of the five demographic characteristics. From the results, it is recommended that for the organization to enhance employees’ commitment, management should adopt measures that enhance job satisfaction among them. This study adds to the much-needed empirical evidence from the developing world, but more importantly, from a special mission organizational context, consistent with the interconnectedness of organizations across the globalized world
Assessment of Teachers Perception on Community Participation in Financing the Development of Primary Schools in Kogi West Senatorial District Nigeria
Get PDFThe study examined teachers’ perception on community participation in financing the development of primary schools in Kogi West Senatorial District, Nigeria. Through simple random sampling technique, 400 teachers were selected. A self-structured questionnaire on the influence of community participation in school management on the development of primary schools in Kogi west senatorial district’ (QICPSMDPS r= 0.86) was designed to generate information from the participants. The accuracy of the instrument was determined by measurement and evaluation experts. Pilot study was conducted in some selected primary schools in Kogi North Senatorial District. The data collected were analyzed with Pearson Moment Correlation Coefficient and value obtained was 0.86. The findings show that teachers’ perception of school financing has no influence on primary school development based on school type and gender. It was recommended that parent association should always have periodic meeting with primary schools on matters affecting the schools and provide financial assistance towards the development of primary school
A Rule-based Approach for Resolving Cybercrime in Financial Institutions: The Tanzania case
Get PDFIt is widely accepted that technology is an agent of change in the society. However, the current rate of change in technology, particularly ICT, mobile and ATM machines, leaves room for it to be exploited and be used for things it was not meant for. The paper aims at examining the challenges to electronic banking and initiatives taken to address cyber-crimes among financial institutions in Tanzania. Using the data gathered based on employed comparative analysis methods from our studies and research undertaken by researchers, we examine in detail, technical factors that are continually shaping the landscape of cybercrime and its impact on financial Institutions. Picking a leaf on how to deal with challenges brought by information and communication technology-induced innovations in the banking sector a Platform for Organization Security Threat Analytic and Management (POSTAM) approach to address the cyber security problems in Tanzania was re-introduced. The data model approach was used to analyze collected data stored from the survey to test the security prototype developed
Efficiency Analysis of Foreign and Domestic Banks and its Determinants: Evidence from Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) Countries
No full textThis paper aims to assess the foreign and domestic banks efficiency and its determinants in Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries. In total, 50 foreign and domestic banks were examined for the period of five years from 2015- 2019. The two stage procedures approach was used by this paper to analyse banks efficiency. First input- oriented Data Envelopment Analysis model was used to analyze the efficiency scores and in the second Tobit regression model was applied to investigate the efficient drivers. Furthermore, nonparametric Kruskall-Wallis and Mann Whitney tests and the parametric (t-test) were applied to compare the efficiency between foreign and domestic banks. On average, the findings showed that many domestic and foreign banks in GCC countries were inefficient with mean efficiency scores of less than 100%. The overall banks inefficiency could be explained by managerial inefficiency in exploiting their resources to the fullest; second domestic banks groups on average were more efficient than foreign banks groups supporting home field advantage theory. Finally the multivariate regression analysis highlights that; bank size, credit risks, management quality and liquidity were the most significant efficiency drivers. The findings were useful to the regulators and bankers in GCC countries on operating performance of banking industry and its future evolution. The study results were important because the study pinpoints the drivers of efficiency and its sources of inefficiency, it would help regulator and banks with strategic planning. This will assist the countries to maintain a healthy and sustainable financial system in an economy
Consumer Attitudes towards On-line Banking in Ghana
Get PDFTechnological advancement has been revolutionizing the way companies conduct business in various industries around the world, particularly banking. The use of mobile phones and the internet has increased the trend toward online banking in both developed and developing countries. The adoption of online banking by consumers in developing countries, though, has been slower than in developed countries. Beginning with a review of the literature on the development and implementation of online banking in general and in developing countries in specific, this paper analysed Ghana’s efforts to speed up the adoption and usage of online banking services in its banks and by its citizens. The findings revealed that security concerns and the challenges of carrying out individual transactions were problematic to the average customer. Customers reported that slow transaction times, internet accessibility, and even online banking operation difficulties were frustrating. The research findings were of significance to developers on online banking services with respect to planning and implementing online banking portals. The results also were beneficial for both practitioners and academics to give them a sense of the depth, direction, and acceptance of online banking in this developing country
Effects of Interactive Homework Assignments on Parental Involvement in Homework and Public Primary Schools’ English Learning in Tanzania
Get PDFThe factors associated with students’ success in learning may have been addressed but the impact of parental involvement continues to be a significant issue. Some schools in Tanzania post poor learning achievement amid claims that the traditional homework used in Public Primary Schools limit parental involvement and thus parents become not supportive to their children’s’ learning. This paper aimed at evaluating the effects of weekly Interactive English homework on parental involvement in homework and pupils’ English learning. Standard five pupils (N = 100) with their parents and 02 teachers participated in the 08-week study. 02 classes completed IHA (Interactive Homework Assignments) with directions for family and parent involvement. Two classes completed Non-Interactive Homework (no family involvement directions). Parents in Interactive homework group reported significantly higher levels of involvement than did Non-Interactive Parents. Pupils in IHA who more regularly involved parents significantly improved their behavior and skills needed for successful learning than Non-IHA pupils. The findings of this study support the hypothesis that IHA enhances parental involvement in homework and pupils learning in English than did the Non-IHA
Impact of Foreign Direct Investment on Unemployment Rates in East African Community Founding Members: Who benefits the Most?
Get PDFThe study analyses comparative effects of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) inflows on youth unemployment in East African Community (EAC) founding member countries of Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda. Based on time series data from 1990 to 2016, the Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) regression revealed that, FDI significantly influences reduction in unemployment rate in Kenya by 0.708%. The results in Tanzania and Uganda showed that, FDI inflows increases unemployment rates by 0.337% and 0.852% respectively. The results revealed that, FDI is significantly benefiting Kenya young generation through job creation, as compared to Tanzania and Uganda. Unemployment rate in Kenya has been reduced significantly due to FDI inflow by 0.14 % by each percentage of FDI inflow. The favourable economic and social policies in Kenya, have been well integrated into investment policies and result into positive prospects of employment creations. In Tanzania and Uganda, FDI inflows have not been much effective on youth unemployment. Every percentage of investment growth, causes an increase of 0.34% and 0.85 % of unemployment in Tanzania and Uganda respectively. Based on these results, it is recommended that, both Tanzania and Uganda should revisit their FDI related policies to ensure the FDI programmes are beneficial in reducing unemployment rates
Marketing Behavior of Micro Businesses: The Case of Street Vendors in Tanzania
Get PDFStreet vendors who are famously known as Machinga, they are micro business people who have a significant contribution to the economy of country. The statistics shows that about 2,754,697 individuals in Tanzania owned and ran 3,162,886 small businesses. Moreover, these businesses have been able to develop the behaviour which has influenced the selling, shopping and social behaviour but still given little academic attention. Therefore, this article studies their marketing operations by using the exchange marketing theory and use qualitative approach to interview 25 street vendors. The results showed that when they facilitate exchange, they find places to chase after customers and sell their products. Thus, they make instant and reactive decisions, bargain with customers, and scramble for customers. This study showed that street vendors require the attention of academicians and policy because they required more skills and exposure to their business undertakings
Plastic Packaging Materials as Possible Source of Hazardous Chemicals to Food and human health: A Review
Get PDFPlastic packaging has been implicated as a source of food packaging material (FPM) borne compounds transfer into food. These chemical migrants from packaging materials to food products are associated with human health risks. However, opinions on plastic packaging safety differ greatly and scientific agreement on product safety is still indefinable. The present review intends to explore and present the state of science about the safety of plastics, the potential for consumer exposure and discuss the major issues with respect to associated health risks safety