The Open University of Tanzania Online Journals System
Not a member yet
933 research outputs found
Sort by
Matumizi ya Akiliunde Katika Kutafsiri Matini za Kiutamaduni: Changamoto na Suluhisho
Full text linkMakala hii inahusu matumizi ya Akiliunde (AI) katika kutafsiri matini za kiutamaduni kwa kuangazia changamoto na suluhisho. Katika kipindi cha sasa cha maendeleo ya sayansi na teknolojia, kumekuwepo na mapinduzi makubwa katika mbinu za kurahisisha kazi mbalimbali za binadamu, ikiwemo kazi ya tafsiri. Miongoni mwa mbinu hizo ni matumizi ya Akiliunde ambayo imekuwa nyenzo maarufu ya kutafsiri matini katika lugha mbalimbali duniani. Hata hivyo, pamoja na ufanisi wake wa kiteknolojia, kuna maswali muhimu yanayojitokeza: Je, Akiliunde inaweza kutafsiri kwa ufanisi matini zenye maudhui ya kiutamaduni? Ni changamoto zipi zinazojitokeza katika matumizi hayo ya Akiliunde? Makala hii imelenga kuchunguza changamato za kutumia Akiliunde kutafsiri matini za kiutamaduni kutoka Kiswahili kwenda Kiingereza. Lengo ni kubainisha matini za kiutamaduni, kuchambua changamoto zinazojitokeza katika mchakato wa kutafsiri matini hizo kwa kutumia Akiliunde, na kupendekeza suluhisho la changamoto hizo. Data za makala hii zilikusanywa kwa kutumia mbinu ya usomaji makini na mbinu ya usaili nusu-funge. Data za makala hii zimewasilishwa kwa kutumia mkabala wa kitaamuli. Nadharia ya Skopos imetumika kama mwongozo wa uchunguzi, uchambuzi na uwasilishaji na mjadala wa data za utafiti huu. Kwa ujumla, makala hii inadhihirisha kuwa ingawa Akiliunde inaweza kurahisisha kazi ya tafsiri, bado inakumbwa na changamoto kubwa katika kufanikisha mawasiliano yenye uzito wa kiutamaduni. Hii ni kwa sababu kila lugha huakisi utamaduni, mitazamo na muktadha wake wa kijamii na kihistoria, ambao si rahisi kutafsiriwa kwa usahihi na mashine bila msaada wa mfasiri binadamu
Enhancing Curriculum Reforms for Employability Skills in Tanzania: Stakeholders’ Knowledge and Experiences
Full text linkThe Dualism of Learning Study: Understanding and Practices of Student-Centered Learning in Mathematics
Full text linkThere have been ideological variations in understanding, focus and practices of student-centred learning (SCL) across the world. This study explored the teachers’ ways of understanding and practising SCL in enhancing student learning of mathematics concepts. Using interviews, lesson preparatory meetings, reflective journals, and students’ tests, the study employed a phenomenographic variation framework, coding strategies and paired sample t-test to analyse data. The results show that when teachers share their experiences on SCL, they come up with a wider understanding of the best SCL pedagogical strategies. They unfold the SCL teaching challenges, especially in overcrowded classrooms. As such, teachers changed their ways of understanding (experiencing) SCL from seeing it as a methodological orientation to subject content and object of learning. The more teachers were engaged in the learning study, the better their pedagogical teaching practices became focused on students learning complex mathematical topics
Hospitality Corporate Sustainability: How Intertwined are the Practices?
Full text linkThis study aimed to examine the nature of corporate sustainability practices and how such practices fit with traditional nested model of sustainability in developing country-context. The study is based on thematic analysis of in-depth-interviews with hotels' managers in the Coastal and Northern tourist circuits of Tanzania. It broadly reveals that, sustainability practices at corporate level embrace economic, environmental and social dimensions. Hotels’ practices vary from being modest (energy and resource saving, employees and guests’ education, local employment); moderate (sustainable growth, customer satisfaction, community engagement, biodiversity conservation); to intensive (long-term profitability focus, waste reduction, water conservation, local sourcing) implementation levels. Moreover, findings indicate sustainability practices do not fit well in the traditional nested model. Challenging the simplicity of a linear nested model, results exhibit an intricate interconnection between economic dynamics as a foundational aspect deeply intertwined with both environmental and social issues. The study’s findings imply that to reap significant sustainability benefits, businesses should strive for sustainability approaches that integrate sustainable principles holistically into all aspects of the business. Moreover, it uplifts a theoretical relevance and practical applicability of nested sustainability model. Hospitality practitioners are also expected to benefit from practical implications presented in this study
Bodabodas and Self Employment: An Inspiration for Job Creation in Tanzania: The Case of Msamvu Main Station, Morogoro
Full text linkThis paper explores the relationship between motorcycle operators/hire drivers (popularized as Bodabodas) and self-employment. Particularly, it emphasizes the youth to change the mind set to abstain from job seeking to job creation and self-employment. It addresses multifaceted entrepreneurial issues in the realm of unemployment challenges and brings on board a discussion on self-employment particularly on youths ironing out the various strategies the Government of Tanzania (GoT) attempted without success in an endeavor to create self-employment to the youths. In the face of the challenges of unemployment, it seems there is no clearcut solution on the Tanzanians employment seeking youths other than to change their mindset that will enable them to refrain from seeking employment to job creation and self-employment.The paper is based on 2017 survey data collected at Msamvu Main Stand in Morogoro Municipality of Morogoro region in Tanzania. Simple random and convenience sampling were used to select a sample of 50 respondents at Msamvu – Morogoro. The findings indicate that Bodaboda business has created self-employment to many youths despite the challenges they face. The challenges include that, the Bodabodas were charged by not abiding to regulations while some were involved in criminals. The paper concludes that despite the challenges, entrepreneurship remains to be a solution to the challenges of unemployment facing the youth in Tanzania. The Bodaboda entrepreneurial venture has accommodated many youths who otherwise could have been left loitering jobless in streets
Effect of adolescents' demographic factors on reproductive outcomes affecting teenage pregnancy in Momba District, Tanzania
Full text linkThis study investigates the prevalence and determinants of teenage pregnancy in Momba District, Tanzania, focusing on teen background information and pregnancy rates, age at first marriage, and partner support. A stratified random sampling approach was used to ensure representation across different age groups and geographic areas focusing the five wards. The surveys included closed ended questions and data were analyzed using SPSS version 25. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize demographic data. Pearson correlation, poison regression and multiple regression was employed to examine relationships between key variables such as age, education level, marital status, employment and reproductive outcomes. Findings show that 30.4% of respondents were pregnant at the time of the interview and among them, 41.5% were experiencing their first pregnancy. The number of pregnancies varied, with just over half having had more than one. Notably, two-thirds of these had experienced two pregnancies, suggesting that many may have had their first pregnancy at a relatively young age. Number of pregnancies was not significantly associated with any socio-demographic factors tested in the Poisson regression model (all p > .05). However, age at first pregnancy was strongly associated with age (B = 1.429, p < .001), indicating that older respondents tended to experience their first pregnancy later. Education level was negatively associated with age at first pregnancy (B = -0.341, p < .001), while marital status was positively associated (B = 0.448, p < .001). Regarding partner support, both education level (B = 0.759, p = .024; OR = 2.135, 95% CI [1.107–4.117]) and marital status (B = 0.838, p < .001; OR = 2.311) were significant predictors, suggesting that married and more educated respondents were more likely to receive partner support. Recommendations include enhancing education access, implementing sexual health education, addressing early marriages, providing vocational training for girls, and improving adolescent-friendly health services
Applying Childrens Songs in the Mother Tongue in Early Childhood Education in Tanzania: Educational Implications
Full text linkThis qualitative study investigated how songs can reflect cultural values to enhance children’s participation in learning in early childhood education (ECE) in Tanzania. The focus of this study was to examine the application of mother tongue songs for children and teachers in the learning process as a vital component of their holistic development. To accomplish this goal, the study employed purposive sampling to select 18 respondents, strategically targeting individuals who could provide rich and relevant insights. A case study design was adopted to enable an in-depth exploration of the research context. Data collection methods included classroom observations, semi-structured interviews, and document analysis, which together offered a comprehensive view of the pedagogical practices under investigation. Anchored in Social Learning Theory, the study examined how songs can facilitate learning by enabling students to observe and imitate behaviours aligned with specific instructional goals. The data were meticulously coded and organised into coherent patterns, categories, and themes, allowing for a nuanced interpretation of the findings within the theoretical framework. The findings revealed that the use of songs in the mother tongue language is the most effective tool for children’s increased participation in classroom interaction in early childhood education (ECE). Songs offer numerous opportunities for children to acquire language skills and express their ideas and feelings, enabling them to communicate effectively with others. The study recommends that professional development for preprimary teachers should focus on the provision of effective music skills, and this should be conducted regularly to prepare them with appropriate knowledge and skills. Exploring the use of children’s songs will allow teachers to provide effective feedback, which will, in turn, boost children’s learning and enhance performance in ECE
Impact of Public External Debt and Trade Openness on the Employment Growth in Tanzania: 1990- 2022, An ARDL Model
Full text linkThe Causal Linkage between Agriculture, Industry, and Service Sectors in Sub-Saharan Africa: Application of Panel CS-ARDL
Full text linkThis study examines the relationships among agriculture, service, and industry sectors in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) using panel data from 49 countries, drawn from the UNECA database for the period 1980–2023. The CS-ARDL model was employed to assess both short- and long-run linkages. The findings revealed that all sectors experience significant short-run shocks, with negative effects from contemporaneous and early lagged values. In contrast, the significant error correction terms indicate a strong adjustment toward the long-run equilibrium. Agriculture benefits positively and significantly from services and industry in the long run, whereas the long-run effects on these sectors are largely insignificant. Lagged effects reveal delayed intersectoral spillovers, highlighting the potential for sectoral complementarities. At the same time, weak long-run integration underscores the need for policies to strengthen intersectoral linkages and support sustainable structural transformation. The study recommends that policies should focus on strengthening linkages between agriculture, services, and industry, while promoting sectoral diversification and agricultural productivity through technology, infrastructure, and human capital development. Furthermore, short-run shock mitigation measures such as safety nets and market stabilisation are essential to maintain stability and support sustainable long-term growth
Enhancing Urban Spacing to Address Juvenile Delinquency in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
Full text linkJuvenile delinquency is a universal phenomenon in which youth engage in deviant behaviour. Urban spacing is an important factor to juvenile delinquency which can impinge upon access to education. This paper attempts to show how urban spacing precipitates juvenile delinquency. Methodologically, this study employed a systematic review which involved seven steps as suggested by Evidence for Policy and Practice Information and Co-ordinating Centre (2007). The significant findings were that there is a correlation between urban spacing and juvenile delinquency in the city of Dar es Salaam. This was exemplified through disparities in dwelling places (mono-functional spaces), disapproval and sanctions; lack of sense of responsibility amongst parents; changing social relationships; failure to accommodate huge population, lacking basic social amenities and hidings of juvenile delinquent activities. This study concluded that the undue urban spacing has impacted juveniles’ behaviour tremendously, plunging them into juvenile delinquency. The study recommended that the government and other actors ensure towns and cities are well arranged/ spaced to minimize hidings, set out playgrounds and recreation activities for children and youths, and create awareness among parents on responsible parenthood in urban areas