Ho Chi Minh City Open University Journal of Science
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Mitophylogenetic patterns in Tettigoniidae: Insights from the complete mitogenome of Saga natoliae (Orthoptera)
No full textAlthough there is a consensus on the distinctiveness of Saginae, its phylogenetic position within Tettigoniidae remains a topic to debate. Comprehensive DNA data are essential for clarifying subfamilial relationships within the Tettigoniidae. This study investigates the complete mitogenome of Saga natoliae, providing critical insights into the phylogenetic position of the Saginae. To achieve this, we established two datasets: the first comprises total mitogenome sequences from all published representatives of Tettigoniidae subfamilies and tribes, while the second includes partial mitogenome sequences from subfamilies not represented in the first dataset. The first dataset produced a well-resolved phylogenetic tree, whereas the second exhibited limited resolution. By synthesizing results from both the following conclusions were made: (1) The mitogenome of Saga natoliae displays typical characteristics of both Pancrustaceae and Orthoptera. (2) The mitophylogeny of Tettigoniidae reveals four main clades: (i) Saginae, (ii) Lipotactinae, (iii) the Tettigonioid clade (including Tettigoniidae + Bradyporinae, Hexacentrinae, Conocephalinae, and Meconematinae) and (iv) the Phaneropteroid clade (comprising Pseudophyllinae, Mecopodinae, and Phaneropterinae). Consequently, Saginae is established as a distinct internal lineage, referred to as the Saginoid clade. (3) Our findings do not support close relationships between Saginae and Zaprochilinae, Tympanophorinae and Phasmodinae. (4) Data confirm that Saginae is a monophyletic subfamily, likely originated in Africa and subsequently dispersed to the West Palearctic region
The effectiveness of functional inspiratory muscle training on exercise capacity and peripheral muscle strength in patients with essential hypertension: a three-arm randomized controlled trial
No full textBackground The effect of inspiratory muscle training (IMT) applied along with function in Hypertension (HT) patients is uncertain. In this study, it was to determine the effectiveness of functional IMT (F-IMT) on functional lower and upper exercise capacity, mobility, peripheral and respiratory muscle strength, blood pressure, fatigue, physical activity, and quality of life (HRQoL) in HT patients. Methods Prospective, randomized controlled, assessor-blinded, parallel three-armed trial. Forty-five patients with HT were divided into F-IMT group (IMT with 50% maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP)/4 weeks + exercise and IMT with 50% MIP/4 weeks, n = 15), IMT group (MIP 50%, n = 15) and control group (CG, breathing exercises, n = 15). 6-min walking test (6-MWT), 6-min pegboard ring test (6PBRT), 1-min sit to stand test (1STS), mobility, peripheral muscle strength, MIP, maximal expiratory pressure (MEP), systolic& diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP), fatigue, physical activity, and HRQoL were evaluated before and after 8 weeks of training. Results Increases in 6-MWT were higher in F-IMT (p < 0.001). 6PBRT, 1STS, quadriceps femoris strength were improved and SBP reduced in F-IMT and IMT than CG (p < 0.001). Mobility, handgrip, HRQoL, and physical activity level increased within groups (p < 0.05). MIP increased within F-IMT and IMT; MEP, fatigue, DBP improved only within F-IMT (p < 0.05). Conclusions F-IMT is more effective in enhancing exercise capacity, reducing fatigue and DBP, and improving MEP. Both IMT and F-IMT show similar benefits for upper extremity exercise capacity, quadriceps femoris strength, SBP, and MIP. Mobility, HRQoL, and physical activity levels are increased with F-IMT, IMT, and breathing exercises
High-Througput Sequencing -Based Virome Analysis of Cherries in Turkiye
No full textAccording to FAOSTAT 2023, Türkiye is the world's leader in cherryproduction, with an output of 736,791 tons. Cherry trees are affected by manyviral agents, but the detection of these viruses using traditional detection methodsremains limited. High-throughput sequencing (HTS) technology has become apowerful tool for identifying known and unknown viruses. In this study, 26cherry (Prunus avium L.) samples collected from Osmaniye province weremixed, and virions were purified using the VANA (Virion-Associated NucleicAcid) method. cDNA libraries were prepared from viral RNAs and HTS analysis wasperformed on the Illumina NovaSeq (2×150 bp) platform.A total of 386,742 rawreads were obtained, and after quality control, 154,008 high-quality reads werede novo assembled into contigs ranging from 101 to 7300 nt in length. As aresult of BLASTn/x analyses, sequences belonging to cherry green ring mottlevirus (Robigovirus viridiavii, CGRMV)(99% coverage and 97.27% nucleotide identity), Cherry necrotic rusty mottlevirus (Robigovirus necroavii, CNRMV)(98% coverage and 98.39% nucleotide identity), cherry virus Trakiya (CVT) (86%coverage, 94.70% nucleotide identity), and Cherry latent virus 1 (CLV-1) (99%coverage, 81.08% nucleotide identity). Another contig that provides 100%coverage with CVT but only shows 60.7% nucleotide identity indicates thepresence of a potential new isolate. Additionally, contigs belonging to Cherryvirus A (Capillovirus alphavii, CVA)(75.1% nucleotide identity) and prune dwarf virus (Ilarvirus PDV, PDV) (62.1% coverage and 67.2% nucleotide identity)indicate that both viruses may be present in the samples at low levels.Thepresence of all viruses detected by HTS analysis was also confirmed by RT-PCR/Sangersequencing analysis using species specific primers. The findings revealed thepresence of known and genetically diverse new virus species in Turkish cherrysamples. VANA-based HTS analysis, by specific sequencing of viral nucleic acidsand enabling the detection of multiple viruses, can be used for cost-effective,precise, and rapid virus diagnosis.</p
Comparison of the virtual reality and mobile games regarding physiological load
No full textIntroduction Physical inactivity or lack of physical activity has become an increasingly widespread and important global public health problem. Along with technological developments, the interest in e-sports is also increasing. Virtual reality (VR) games applied within the scope of e-sports include physical movements by nature, which encourages players to move more and be active. This study aimed to compare VR and mobile games regarding physiologic load.Methods Twenty-two (13 males, 9 females) healthy university students with a mean age of 21.72 +/- 1.39 years, height of 171.59 +/- 9.12 cm, and body weight of 64.95 +/- 13.35 kg, who did not smoke, did not play sports professionally, and did not have chronic diseases, voluntarily participated in the study. Participants were randomly assigned to play an active video game (VR) using a virtual reality headset and a mobile game (MO) on a smartphone for 2 days. The game duration was determined as 15 min. The body temperature of the participants before and after the game and heart rate (HR) values during the game were measured from beat to beat. A non-contact infrared thermometer was used for measuring body temperature, and a telemetric device was used for HR measurements.Results When VR and MO games were compared regarding body temperature, no intra- and inter-group differences were observed. Regarding HR, HRmean, HRmax, and HRtotal values of the VR game were statistically significantly higher than MO games. In addition, in the analyses performed according to the time spent in the percentage of maximal heart rate, it was observed that the time spent in the MO game was significantly longer compared to the VR game below the Under Very Light (UVL). On the contrary, the time spent in the VR game was significantly longer than the MO game at Above Very Light (AVL).Conclusion As a result, the heart rate parameters measured in the VR game were higher than in the MO game at all levels, suggesting that VR may be an effective tool for physical activity-based gaming experiences
