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Food control, nutrition organization and evaluation in children‘s educational institutions that organize nutrition for preschool children in Kaisiadorys
No full textAim of the study. To evaluate the results of the state food safety and hygiene control during 2015 – 2019 years, to evaluate the organization of nutrition and to find out the parents' attitude about the nutrition organization in children's educational institutions that organize nutrition for preschool children in Kaišiadorys. Objectives. 1. To evaluate the results of the state food safety and hygiene control during 2015 – 2019 years (identify the most common violations, preventive measures, sanctions) in children's educational institutions that organize nutrition for preschool children in Kaišiadorys. 2. To analyze managers' attitudes towards nutrition organization and emerging issues in different children's educational institutions that organize nutrition for preschool children in Kaišiadorys. 3. To find out the parents' attitude about the organization of nutrition in children's educational institutions that organize nutrition for preschool children in Kaišiadorys. Methods. Three different research methods were used: 1. The data in the Food Information System (FIS) were analyzed and processed in Excel in order to evaluate the results of state food safety and hygiene control. 14 institutions were evaluated. 2. A semi-structured interview was used to find out the views of the managers, the interview was transcribed and analyzed by the content method. 11 managers participated in the survey. 3. Parents' attitudes were examined in anonymous questionnaires and processed using SPSS and Excel. 893 questionnaires were distributed, 546 were filled in, response rate 61.21 %. Results. During 2015 – 2019 years 75 state food control inspections were carried out, most of which (89.3%) were planned, received 7 complaints, of which 3 (42.3%) were confirmed, imposed 11 sanctions – 8 administrative penalties and 3 “Decisions to ban products”, received 51 “Deficiency plan” and 62 information that the instructions have already been executed, identified 257 violations, of which were most often recorded self-monitoring, product safety, hygiene and traceability, and 7 hygiene of premises and equipment violations in children's educational institutions that organize nutrition for preschool children in Kaišiadorys. It was found that from the studied 12 children's educational institutions 4 of them buy the service and 8 of them organize nutrition independently. The nature of the nutrition organization does not affect the quality of the food. When food is imported from another corps, raises the problem that sometimes food is not aesthetic. When legislative changed most of the children stopped eating some of the dishes. Children's fasting is determined by habits formed in the family. It was determined that the two most difficult stages of nutrition organization are menu preparation and public procurement. Managers are in constant communication with their staff and the parents of the children they solve the problems that arise, educational activities with children are carried out in all institutions. Kindergarten managers need more funding from the municipality and additional staff to improve the nutrition organization process. Most of the respondents knew who provides food in the educational institution, however, No.7 institutions even 62.5 %. respondents indicated that meals were provided by the institution itself, although the service was purchased. The majority (93.4 %) of the surveyed respondents trust the nutrition organizers, but a statistically significant difference was observed, however, a statistically significant difference was observed that greater distrust of catering organizers is when catering is organized by a private company or person (χ2=21,716, lls=2, p<0,05). Respondents get most of their knowledge about nutrition from educators. Respondents said menus always hang in cloakroom, they read them. The menus need to be changed as not all meals are eaten by children. Not all parents knew if the institution was involved in EU-sponsored programs. Conclusion. 1. During 2015 – 2019 years 75 state food control inspections were carried out, received 7 complaints, imposed 11 sanctions, identified 257 violations. 2. Educational activities with children are held in all institutions. This encourages children to eat healthier. Parents are introduced to the problems of organizing nutrition as meetings are held. If the food is imported from another corps it is difficult to maintain the aesthetics of the food. Legislative changes have become a challenge for some institutions, because after the changes, the children stopped eating some of the dishes. Two most difficult stages of nutrition organization are menu preparation and public procurement. 3. The majority of respondents knew who provides meals in educational institutions and part of them trust the nutrition organizers. Parents get the most knowledge from educators. The menus always hang in the locker room, but the menus needed to be changed because the parents wanted a more varied and aesthetically pleasing food, and the children should get fruit, vegetables and fish more often
Patient Drug Interactions: Opportunities and Dangers
No full textMaster's Thesis “Patient Drug Interactions: Opportunities and Dangers ”contains data based on the methodology of the systematic literature analysis from recent articles on studies of drug-drug interactions. In all selected studies show a lack of patient knowledge about drug interactions and a lack of patient education, lack of medication interactions provided by medical professionals. Also in the analysis the following conclusions were drawn from the articles: 1. Awareness and knowledge of the interactions of GPs with patients and informing patients about them is leading to the correct use of medications and faster achievement of treatment goals, and lack of knowledge of drug interactions poses a risk of not achieving treatment goals due to drug misuse, side effects induced by drug interactions, and hospitalization. 2. GPs do not analyze patients' medication and do not have sufficient knowledge of drug interactions. 3.Patients are not adequately informed by GPs about drug interactions: the emphasis is on the choice of medication itself and how it is used, but too little attention is paid to explaining drug interactions
Effect of Palivizumab Prophylaxis in High Risk Newborns of 2016-2018.
No full textAim: To analyze the impact of palivizumab prophylaxis in minimizing the occurrence of respiratory diseases. Objectives: 1. To compare the morbidity between fully immunized newborns and partially immunized newborns. 2. To assess if palivizumab is an effective prophylaxis to minimize the occurrence of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI). 3. To calculate the number of newborns who got full and partial doses of palivizumab. Methods and participants: 162 case histories of newborns were assessed retrospectively. A telephone survey was completed with parents of newborns to find out which symptoms of LRTI were dominating in the first 6 months of life. We implemented the analysis by using Microsoft Excel 2016, IBM SPSS 17.0. Statistical significance was considered when the p<0,05. Results: This study covered 162 newborns (premature and not premature) born in 2016 – 2018 at Kaunas Clinics. 55 patients were excluded from this study due to lack of information in the documents. 90 (55,56 %) patients received full immunization (≥ 5 doses) and 72 patients (44,44 %) were immunized partially. Morbidity of partially immunized newborns was 67,2 %, while fully immunized newborns had the morbidity at 32,8 %. Conclusions: Palivizumab is an effective way to prevent the occurrence of LRTI and protects newborns with risk factors from complications. Based on the study results, palivizumab is most effective in fully immunized patients
The uses oats (Avena sativa) by-products for higher value wheat bread preparation
No full textAcademic supervisor: prof. dr. Elena Bartkienė Place and time of work performance: master’s theses was prepared at the Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Veterinary Academy, Department of Food Safety and Quality, in the year 2018 – 2020. The aim of the Thesis was to apply oat (Avena sativa) processing industry by-products (OBP) for higher value wheat bread preparation. For the purpose of paper, various quantities of differently processed OBP additives, fermented with lactic acid bacteria (LAB) L. casei strain and ultrasonicated by using low frequency ultrasound, were used for wheat bread preparation. The following quality parameters of semi-finished products and products were analyzed for the optimization of wheat bread recipe: dough and bread pH and total titratable acidity (TTA), dough texture, moisture content, colour coordinates, overall acceptability, specific volume and porosity of bread, form maintaining coefficient, bread mass loss, acrylamide concentration. It has been determined that the lowest pH (4.99), the highest redness (a*=3.22) and yellowness (b*=30.90) were obtained in dough samples, prepared with 200 g fermented oat additives, and the firmest dough texture was obtained when made with 150 and 200 g of fermented oat additives. The highest dough TTA (total titratable acidity) (2.5 °N) was determined in dough samples made with 50 g of fermented oat by-products. The highest moisture content featured bread samples prepared with 150 g fermented oat by-products (32.82 %) and 200 g ultrasonicated additive (33.72 %). The lowest mass loss after baking (12.27 %) featured samples made with 150 and 200 g ultrasonicated oat by-products. The highest specific volume (2.80 ml/g) featured samples with 50 g ultrasonicated oat by-products, the highest porosity (57.13 %) featured samples made with 100 g fermented additives. The lowest acrylamide concentration was determined in bread samples made with 200 g ultrasonicated additives (8.77 μ/kg); however, overall acceptability of the aforementioned samples was lower, compared to bread prepared with fermented oat by-products. Finally, it can be stated that OBP are promising additives for wheat bread preparation, since ultrasonicated by-products reduces acrylamide concentration in bread, as well as fermented additives increases porosity and improves sensory properties of the products
Severe Psoriasis Patients Treated with Biological Drugs in 2011 – 2013 : a Retrospective Study
No full textAkvilė Uždavinytė. Severe Psoriasis Patients Treated with Biological Drugs in 2011 – 2013 : a Retrospective Study. Master’s thesis. Scientific supervisor prof. Skaidra Valiukeviciene, MD, PhD, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Skin and Venereal Diseases. Kaunas, 2020 : 41 pg. The Aim. To determine the short and long-term treatment efficiency and the quality of life among the patients with severe plaque psoriasis treated with biological drugs in 2011 – 2013. Study Objectives. 1. To determine the short-term efficiency of biologic therapy (BT) for the patients with severe plaque psoriasis depending on the type of biologic drug. 2. To evaluate the long-term treatment efficiency depending on the type of drug. 3. To determine the quality of life among the investigatives depending on the duration of treatment and on the type of drug. Methods. The final master‘s thesis retrospective study is a part of the clinical research (PsoLT ). This retrospective study includes 23 patients (12 women and 11 men), with severe plaque psoriasis who were treated with at least one of TNF-alpha inhibitor (Etanercept and/or Infliximab) or Interleukin 12/23 inhibitor (Ustekinumab) in 2011 – 2013. Patient inclusion criteria : 1. ≥ 18 years; 2. Severe psoriasis; 3. BT administered for the first time. The research data was collected during regular visits : first 3 visits every 3 months, and 4-12 visits every 6 months. Response to the treatment (efficiency) was evaluated according to PASI and DLQI. The short-term treatment efficiency – was evaluated after 6 months (visit 3) accordingly the long-term treatment efficiency – after 60 months (visit 12). Results. The mean age of all patients was 53 years (min 34, max.76), the mean duration of the disease was 28 years (min. 8, max 49). Patients treated with (ET) primary the mean PASI 20,84 (%959PI 14,86±26,81), accordingly treated with UST 15,35 (%95PI 12,42±18,28). The primary mean DLQI treated with ET 13,82 (%95PI 8,5±19,18), accordingly with UST 13,5 (%95PI 8,77±18,23). The short-term treatment efficiency evaluated according to the mean PASI : investigatives treated with ET 3,83 (95%CI 1,63±6,02), accordingly with UST 5,9 (95%CI 0,58±11,22). The long-term treatment efficiency evaluated according to the mean PASI : patients treated with ET 5,02 (95%CI 2,86±7,18), accordingly with UST 1,83 (95%CI 1.21 ± 2,46). The quality of life after short-term treatment evaluated according to the mean DLQI : patients treated with ET 2,89 (95%CI 0,08±5,7), treated with UST 6,33 (95%CI 0,68±11,99), accordingly after long-term treatment patients treated with ET and UST - 8,29 (95%CI 2,74±13,83) and 0,33 (95%CI 0±1,77). Conclusions. 1. The short-term treatment efficiency among the patients with severe plaque psoriasis does not differ depending on the type of biologic drug 2. The long-term treatment efficiency with Ustekinumab is better than with Etanercept. 3. The investigatives quality of life during short-term treatment does not differ, but during long-term treatment with Ustekinumab the quality of life is better than with Etanercept
Nuts, used in the manufacture of beverages contamination of mycotoxins
No full textThe master's thesis was prepared at the Veterinary Academy of the Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Food Safety and Quality. Topic of the Master’s thesis: Nuts, used in the manufacture of beverages contamination of mycotoxins. Author: Justė Jakelaitytė. Supervisor: doc. dr. Violeta Baliukonienė. Thesis consists of: 39 pages, 7 tables, 5 figures. The study was started in January 2018 and completed in September 2019. The aim of the study was to determine the contamination of nuts used in the production of beverages with aflatoxin B1 and ochratoxin A and to estimate the proportion of mycotoxins tested in beverages. For this purpose, a sample of 21 nuts was collected, consisting of selected nut species: hazelnut, almond, coconut and coconut chips. Samples were collected from nuts sold in Lithuania and abroad. Concentrations of aflatoxin B1 and ochratoxin A were determined by thin layer chromatography. The concentration of AFB1 was 33.3 % in the tested nuts, in which the concentration ranged from 0.7 to 3 μg/kg. OTA concentrations were found in 55.5 % of the tested samples, which ranged from 1.8 to 5 μg/kg. Homemade nut drinks were contaminated with mycotoxins: AFB1 was detected in 33.3 % (p> 0.05), OTA - in 55.5 % (p> 0.05). In nuts and home-made nut beverages, AFB1 concentrations decreased from 50 to 100 % during beverage production. Looking at the change in AFB1 concentration between nuts and nut drinks, a very weak correlation was found r = - 0.12944, statistically insignificant (p> 0.05). During the study, OTA concentrations in nuts during beverage production decreased from 33.3 % up to 100 % nut drinks or was not detected. However, 22.2 % OTA levels in home-made nut drinks were found to be 0.5 μg/kg, although they had not previously been detected in nut samples. Looking at the change in OTA concentration between nuts and nut drinks, a very weak correlation was found r = 0.291626, statistically insignificant (p> 0.05)
Improvement of curd quality with local leaven, milk fraction proteins and plant extracts
No full textThesis accomplished: Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Veterinary Academy, Department of Food Safety and Quality Aim of the thesis: to improve the quality of curd by using unique cultures of microorganisms, protein additives, plant extracts and to perform research of these products Thesis tasks: 1. To evaluate the influence of L. lactis isolated from local fermented raw materials on the quality of curd; 2. To evaluate the influence of fractionated milk protein additive on curd quality; 3. To evaluate the combination of fractionated milk proteins and L. lactis on curd quality; 4. To evaluate the influence of plant extracts on the quality of curd
Association between Vitamin D Levels and Age-Related Macular Degeneration
No full textAim: To evaluate the relationship between vitamin D concentration and age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Objectives: 1. To evaluate the risk factors of AMD and the frequency of vitamin D supplementation between patients with and without AMD. 2. To determine the serum vitamin D concentration and to compare it between the AMD and the control groups. 3. To evaluate the relationship between vitamin D concentration and the occurrence of AMD. Methods: A questionnaire survey was conducted to assess the risk factors of AMD and vitamin D supplementation. During this study, small amount (5ml) of patients' blood was taken from a vein for the determination of 25-hydroxyvitamin d (25(OH)D) concentration. Participants: The study involved 75 patients from the Hospital of Lithuanian University of Health Sciences Kaunas Clinics Department of Ophthalmology. 22 had exudative AMD and 17 had atrophic AMD. The control group consisted of 36 subjects. Results: There were statistically significantly more patients who have smoked > 10 years in the AMD group than in the non-AMD group (11 (68,8 %) vs. 1 (7,1 %), p = 0,001). 4 (10,3 %) AMD patients had family history of this disease and there were no family history cases in the controls (p = 0,048). More patients with AMD took vitamin D regularly than the non-AMD patients (9 (23,1 %) vs. 1 (2,8 %), p = 0,027). The mean value of vitamin D concentration was 23,427 ± 1,113 ng/ml. Statistically significantly more patients with AMD had serum vitamin D concentration 12 ng/ml than the controls (39 (100 %) vs. 32 (88,8 %), p = 0,032). No statistically significant association of vitamin D concentration with the incidence of AMD (odds ratio (OD) 0,704 [95%, confidence interval (CI): 0,270-1,836], p = 0,473) and different forms of AMD disease (OD 0,788 [95%, CI : 0,213-2,915], p = 0,721) was observed. Conclusions: 1. There are statistically significantly more patients who have smoked > 10 years in the AMD group than in the non-AMD group (p = 0,001). More patients in the AMD group have family history cases of AMD than in the controls (p 0,05) and different forms of AMD (p > 0,05) was found
Specifinių antagonistų ir netiesioginių prohemostatinių vaistų palyginimas dėl ne vitamino K antagonistų geriamųjų anticoagulantų nutraukimas
No full textTwo specific antidotes for reversing the actions of direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC) have been approved for clinical use in the past years, idarucizumab and andexanet-alpha. However, due to their limited access and high prices non-specific prohaemostatic agents are still routinely prescribed for DOAC reversal. The goal of this review is to collect data regarding DOAC reversal, aiming to compare the efficacies and safeties of both approaches to reversal
Vaikų tracheostomų analizė Lietuvos sveikatos mokslų universiteto ligoninėje Kauno klinikose
No full textMantas Žemaitaitis final master thesis: „Analysis of pediatric tracheostomies in the Hospital of Lithuanian University of Health Sciences Kaunas Clinics“ Work supervisor: Dr. Aurelija Vegienė Purpose: To analize cases of pediatric tracheostomies in the Hospital of Lithuanian University of Health Sciences Kaunas Clinics in 2014 – 2018. Tasks of the work: 1.To determine the indications for the formation of pediatric tracheostomies and the age of patients during surgery. 2. To determine the otorhinolaryngological causes of pediatric tracheostomas. 3. To determine the most common complications of pediatric tracheostomies and their impact on outcomes. 4. To determine the outcomes of pediatric tracheostomies and their association with the underlying disease. Work methodology: A retrospective study was performed and the histories of patients diseases were analyzed. Statistical analysis of the data was performed using IBM SPSS 13.0 program. Nonparametric criteria were evaluated by Chi-square, Kruskal-Wallis tests. Quantitative data were expressed as mean and standard deviation (SD). The difference is considered statistically significant when p < 0,05. Work participants: Patients who underwent tracheostomy were treated in the Pediatric Surgery Department in the Hospital of Lithuanian University of Health Sciences Kaunas Clinics. Results of research: The sample consisted of 64 patients. The majority of patients were 1 to 12 months old – 32,8 % (n = 21). 31,2 % (n = 20) of patients underwent bronchoscopy or a neck CT scan. All children were diagnosed with a pathology that developed respiratory failure and were an indication for the formation of a tracheostomy. 50 % (n = 32) cases had a constant need for artificial lung ventilation (ALV). Otorhinolaryngological diseases that caused respiratory failure accounted for 17,1 % (n = 11) cases. It was found that there was no statistically significant correlation between ALV application and output (p = 0,532). The outputs are known in 62 cases. It was found that 50 % (n = 31) subjects were still live with tracheostoma. All deaths were due to underlying disease. Conclusion: The most common tracheostoma in children is formed at 1 to 12 months old. The most common indication for the formation of tracheostomy is respiratory failure, the constant need for ALV, caused by the underlying disease. Otorhinolaryngological causes acounted for 17,1 % (n = 11) in all cases. Complications after tracheostomy surgery occur in more than half of the patients, and the most common of these is lower respiratory tract infection. The study found that tracheostomy complications had no statistically significant effect on outcome (p = 0,289). Children were decanulated, died or are still living with a tracheostoma. Half of the patients still live with tracheostoma. All patients deaths are associated with the underlying disease