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Identification of the specific markers for fresh lactation cows early diagnosis of subclinical acidosis
No full textObjective and tasks. The aim of this research was to identify specific markers that could be used in the early diagnosis of subclinical acidosis in fresh dairy cows. To accomplish this goal, the following tasks have been identified: to determine and evaluate changes in milk yield, electrical milk conductivity, milking time, milk composition (milk fat, protein and lactose content, ratio of fat to protein), somatic cell count, milk temperature, cow weight and rumination time as a diagnostical indicators of subclinical acidosis. Materials and methods. The study was implemented on dairy cattle farm X, which has 1100 dairy cows, including 700 cows which are milking on robots. Analogically (based on productivity, age, breed, etc.), 10 cows diagnosed with subclinical acidosis were selected from 60 fresh milk cows based on decreased ratio of fat to protein <1.2 and clinical examination on the day of diagnosis. A group of 10 healthy cows was formed from the same 60 fresh milk cows based on specific parameters (ratio fat to protein 1.2, SCC <200 thousand / ml, etc.) and clinical examination results. Using a Lely T4C computerized herd management program information about rumination time, body weight, milk yield, electrical milk conductivity, milk composition, milk temperature, milking time was held 1-7 days before first signs of the disease. Results. The milk yield of the sick cows decreased by 20%, the electrical conductivity of the individual quarters increased by 3%, the milking time decreased by 43%, fat content of the sick cows in the whole study was 7% less than healthy cows, protein content 2% higher than healthy cows, ratio of fat to protein 8% less than healthy cows, somatic cell count 84% higher than healthy cows, lactose levels in the group of cows decreased most by 1%, milk temperature decreased by 2%, the body weight of the cows was 2% less than healthy cows, the rumination time of sick cows decreased by 7%. Milk yield, fat content, protein content, ratio of fat to protein and somatic cell count are identified as specific markers in the diagnosis of subclinical rumen acidosis
The Prevalence of Feline Tooth Resorption in a Veterinary Clinic X
No full textAuthor: Renata Abaravičienė Title: The Prevalence of Feline Tooth Resorption in a Veterinary Clinic X Supervisor: dr. Marija Ivaškienė Place of work: Veterinary Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences. Size of Thesis: 34 pages, 13 figures, 2 tables. Object and tasks of work: the aim of the present study was to evaluate the prevalence of tooth resorption in a veterinary clinic X with specific emphasis on the mapping and typing of the lesions, as well as the influence of variables including breed, sex, and age, type of tooth and type of resorption. Research methodology: this study, which was conducted since January of 2015 to the May of 2019, comprised a single dental examination in a cohort of domestic cats (Felis silvestris catus). The population of cats (n = 89) were brought in a veterinary clinic X for a dental examination. At first all cats were examinated without sedation. After examination medical treatment was prescribed if there was a need. During the next visit all cats were sedated. At the beggining the teeth stones were removed by ultrasonic scaler to evaluate the condition of the teeth. X-ray were performed for the all teeth. The study included only cats for which a dental radiograph was approved for the diagnosis of dental resorption. Dental pictures were performed with dental X- ray SIRONA. Qualitative statistic method was applied in the thesis. Cats were grouped by breed (mixed/specific breed), age (0 – 3; 4 – 6; 7 – 9; 10 – 12; 13 – 15; 16 – 18), type of damaged teeth (P, M, C, I), type of resorption (TR 1 – TR 5), results were processed by IBM SPSS Statistics 2015. Results and conclusions: 89 cats were analysed in this study. 55 % of the cats were males (n = 49) and the females accounted for 45 % (n = 40). The majority of dental resorption was diagnosed in a mixed – breed cats - 59.55 % (n = 53). A significant correlation between age and dental resorption was seen – 48, 31 % of cases diagnosed between 5 and 10 years old. TR 1 – TR 3 accounted for 82 % of all cases. The most affected teeth appeared to be the premolar teeth and molar teeth
The seasonal changes of gastointestinal nematode infection in fenced fallow deer (Dama dama)
No full textThe aim of this project was to evaluate digestive tract nematode infestation indoes who are kept in eclosures and to establish seasonal changes in grass contamination with their ivasive stage L3 larvae during different times of the year. The exploratory material, feaces and grass specimens were collected from an ecological doe farm, at Šilalės district. The study was carried out from March, 2018 to April, 2019, there were 120 samples investigated in total, that were collected and evaluated once a month (approximately 10 samples each month). Fecal samples were evaluated using a modificated form of the McMaster method, and after choosing the 5 most infected samples, larvae cultures were prepared, which were used to evaluate their species. All studies were carried out at the Lithuanian University of Health Sciences Veterinary Academy pathobiology laboratory. After completing the study it was found that does were infested with these species of nematodes: Strongyloides spp., Strongylidea (Strongillates) nematodes and Capillaria spp. Females and fawns were most infested with Capillaria spp. nematodes, with fawn infestation (in average 467 eggs/ g feaces) being significantly greater than female infestation (in average 245 eggs/ g feaces), (p > 0,05). The prevalence of Strongillates in the doe farm was 44 percent and was insignificantly lower than Capillaria spp. (46 percent), over the period of one year, (p > 0,05). Over the period of one year a higher infestation of Strongillates was found in females (in average 374 eggs/ g feaces), than in fawns (in average 284 eggs/ g feaces). The lowest number found was of Strongyloides spp. nematode eggs, with fawn feaces containing (in average 80 eggs/ g feaces) and female – in average 72 eggs/ g feaces over the period of one year. After identifying larvae cultures, the following species were found: Ostertagia spp., Cooperia spp., Oesophagostomum spp., Nematodirus spp. In both, females and fawns, the most dominant was Cooperia spp., which made up 47 percent of all invasive larvae species found. Oesophagostomum spp. made up 30 percent of all nematode species found in fawn and female specimens. Ostertagia spp. was more prevalent in fawns, than in females, with 72 percent more of it found in fawns than in females. Whereas females were infested 10 percent more with Nematodirum spp. species, than fawns
Canine inflammatory bowel disease clinical symptoms analysis in X veterinary clinic
No full textInflammatory bowel disease is thought to be one of the most often ocurring enteropathies. The aim for this work is to establish and analize histologically of cytologically confirmed cases of the most common IBD forms lymphocytic plasmacytic enteritis in the years of 2018 and 2019 in a Kaunas veterinary clinic X. In those two years there were 20 histologically of cytologically confirmed cases of LPE. All patients were put in two groups by age – under 5 years of age (n=11) and over 5 years of age (n=9). During the study factors are analysed to determine their influence for the disease to manifest. They were age, sex and breed influences on manifestation of LPE. Also the link between C reactive protein diferences in blood and age, between age and the presence of Helicobarter spp. The most attention was put in assesing the coorelation between manifestation of symptoms (such as emesis, diarrhea, melena/hematochezia and weight loss) and age, the changes in CRP blood concentrations and the presence of Helicobarter spp. After the cases of 20 dogs were analized it was determined that the amount of patients in either groups of age and sex was very similar (55 % and 45 % respectively), also the disease is mostly diagnosed in mixed breed dogs. C reactive protein concentration changes were not seen in all cases (in 25 % of cases the concentrations was within the limits), but if the quantative diferences were analized in the age groups it was seen that the concentrations were highier in the under 5 years of age dog group. The most common symptom was diarrhea (100 %) and the least common wight loss (15 % of all cases). The presence of Helicobarter spp. was seen in both younger and older than 5 years dogs (n=6 and n=3 respectively). Based on the results there were no influence by age, sex or breed for the LPE to occur. The correlation between age, CRP and the presence of Helicobarter spp. was not statistically significant (p>0,05)
PKD1 gene c.10063 A>C variant related with polycystic kidney disease prevalence in different cat breeds
No full textAutosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is one of the major causes of renal failure in cats. Previous studies have identified single nucleotide polymorphism of PKD1 gene as a specific cause of the ADPKD. Inherited disease is characterized by gradual growth of cysts in the renal parenchyma. The aim of this study was to investigate PKD1 gene c.10063 A>C variant prevalence in different breeds of cats. Mouth epithelial cells and blood samples were taken from 86 cats (Persians n=24, British shorthair n=13, Scottish fold n=20, mixed breeds n=19, Bengal n=3, Russian blue n=3, Siamese n=3, Devon rex n=1) from kennels and veterinary clinics in Lithuania. In this study the genotyping of polymorphisms at PKD1 gene was analysed using PCR–RFLP technique
The Influence of the Feed Supplement with Polyphenols on the Health and Reproduction of the Dairy Cows
No full textThe aim of the study: during the transitory period, my research has analysed the influence of the feed supplement with the polyphenols on the parameters of the blood biochemistry, on the manifestation of the first estrous cycle, on the milk composition of the dairy cows. The research was carried out at the farm X, in Telšiai county, Rietavas municipality. The study was conducted in the barn period in 2018-2019 from November to April. Thirty calving cows were selected for the research. The cows were grouped into two groups: an exploratory group and a control group. The cows in the exploratory group were fed the usual ration of the farm by adding the polyphenolic additives to the concentrates. The control group of cows were fed only by the usual farm ration. The concentrations were started to be given for both of the groups twenty-one days before the calving and thirty days after the calving. The study analysed β – the concentration of the hydroxybutyrates (BHB) and glucose in the blood. Moreover, the milk of the both cow groups was controlled; fat, protein, somatic cell count were analysed. Furthermore, the reproductive parameters were observed: the manifestation of the first estrous cycle, the insemination index. Firstly, the concentration of BHB is lower in 15,00 % (p<0,05), whereas, the concentration of glucose is higher in 25,00 % (p<0,05). The milk’s concentration of fat and protein of cows in the exploratory group, practically, did not change. The concentration of fat got lower in approximately 1,00 %, and the concentration of protein got higher in relatively 0,30 % (p<0,05). In comparison, the cows (from the exploratory group) that received polyphenolic supplement, their somatic cell count (SCC) has decreased in 50,00% (p<0,05), compared to the cows from the control group that did not receive the polyphenolic supplements. Moreover, the amount of the milk of the exploratory cows’ group has increased by 16,00 % (p<0,05), within twenty-thirty days pp. According to the milk parameters, the ratio of fat and protein was estimated: the average F:P (Fat:Protein) ratio of the exploratory cows’ group is 1,44 (p<0,05), whereas, the F:P ratio of the control cow’s group is 1,47 (p<0,05). The first estrous cycle for the exploratory group has manifested 14,00 days earlier, than for the control group (p<0,05). In general the insemination index of the exploratory group was 5,00 % lower, than the control group’s index. In conclusion, polyphenolic supplements were most effective in reducing BHB and increasing the concentration of glucose in the blood. Additionally, polyphenolic supplements improve the insemination and prompt the manifestation of the first estrous cycle
Research on body condition and biochemical blood parameters of dogs housed in X shelter
No full textThe aim of the work: to determine sheltered dogs’ body condition and evaluate it according to animal breed, age, sex, castration, nutrition, lifetime in shelter, and to analize the body condition influence on biochemical blood parameters. The body condition of 50 randomly selected dogs of shelter X were evaluated by points (1 - 7) and biochemical tests (n = 300) of their blood were performed to determine creatinine, glucose, urea, cholesterol, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine transaminase values. Influence of breed, age, sex, castration, nutrition and lifetime in the shelter on the body condition of dogs was investigated and analized. It was found that most of the dogs were of moderate body condition in the shelter X. The body condition was influenced by: sex (p < 0.05), age (p < 0.05), feed: type (p < 0.05), amount (p < 0.05) and feeding frequency (p < 0.05). The body condition has significant influence on those biochemical blood parameters: creatinine (p < 0.05), glucose (p < 0.05), cholesterol (p < 0.05) and aspartate aminotransferase (p < 0.05). The scope of scientific work are 46 pages, in these pages are 12 pictures, 3 tables and 1 scheme. There were used 61 literature sources in this work
Experiences in changing the lifestyle in patients with myocardial infarct
No full textAim of the study. To reveal the life-changing experience of patients with myocardial infarction. Objectives. 1. To reveal the changes in the behavior of patients after they have been diagnosed with myocardial infarction. 2. To reveal what lifestyle changes mean for patients with myocardial infarction. Methods. Qualitative research was chosen using a descriptive phenomenology strategy, according to A. Giorgi's method. Data were collected through in-depth individual interviews. The study involved 8 subjects: 3 men and 5 women. The selection of the subjects was targeted. The entire duration of the interviews was recorded and transcribed. Results. The research revealed the themes that uncovered the investigated phenomenon, namely the essence of the experiences: 1. „Why did this happen?“ searching for causes of myocardial infarction; 2. Changes in everyday life: from „everything needed to be changed“ to „the disease did not restrain me“; 3. Specialists and their (non)support; 4. Acceptance of everyday life and giving a meaning to it. Conclusions. 1. The study revealed that it is important for patients to find the cause of myocardial infarction. The informants' narratives were dominated by a number of causes that patients perceived to be likely the cause for developing myocardial infarction: smoking, hard work, personal experiences, inheritance. 2. The study revealed the need for informants to change their daily habits and lead a healthier life as well as a desire to continue living as they did before myocardial infarction without changing anything. Fear of disease recurrence, reduced physical capacity, feeling of helplessness and hopelessness and relatives' support contributed to the lifestyle changes of the study participants. 3. The informants' stories revealed different experiences with health professionals while changing or not changing their lifestyle after experiencing myocardial infarction. Most informants lacked the presence of health professionals and personalized information on a healthy lifestyle. 4. For the participants in the study lifestyle changes meant accepting and giving meaning to their everyday life. Gratitude, coping with stress and a sense of spirituality helped the informants to deal with life's challenges and motivated them to choose a healthy lifestyle
An evaluation of different sound effects on feline respiratory rate, heart rate and pupil diameter of the eye during neutering procedure
No full textNowadays the stress and pain that animals experience in veterinary clinics is one of the most important problems. Drug treatments may have different types of side effects ant that is why an alternative way of dealing with this problem is trying to be found. One of the alternative types of medicine is music therapy. The stimulation of a sound is based on vibration which positively affects blood circulation and central nervous system. However, the choice of the right sound for different species of animals is very important. Cats are carnivores with a great sense of hearing that helps them to catch prey. This ability makes ultrasound therapy possible for them as it is similar to cats ability to pur and that may be the way to deal with stress and pain. The present study has been done by measuring the diameter of the cat‘s eye pupil, respiratory rate and heart rate in chosen two points of a female feline neutering surgery – T1 (abdominal wall near linea alba) and T2 (ovarian lig. suspensorium). This has been done while three different types of music (classical music, special cat sounds and sound of kitten) were playing using the earphones which were inserted in the ears of a cat. Before each of these measuring points, two minutes of control has been made. The results were relevant when p < 0.05. 12 cats were examined during the research, half of them were 12 to 60 months of age. Results of the research show that the heart rate at point T2 was faster (21, 34 bpm) than at point T1 while breathing rate almost did not change during the whole surgery. The majority of measured physiological factors were the biggest when the sounds of kittens were playing (KK), average when classical music was playing (KM) and lowest when a special cat music (SKM) was playing. Comparing KT and SKM using a T-test these results were significant: the diameter of the eye pupil (T1, P = 0.032; T2, P = 0.001), heart rate at (T2, P = 0.010) Also, while comparing KT and KM the results were significant when measuring the diameter of the eye pupil at T2 (P = 0.002)
Clinical and Biological Correlates of Preoperative Cognitive Functioning of Glioma and Meningioma Patients
No full textObjectives. This study aimed to investigate the association of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and N-terminal pro-Btype natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) serum concentrations with cognitive functions of glioma and meningioma patients. Methods. 177 brain tumor patients awaiting for brain tumor surgery participated in the study. Patients were assessed preoperatively, using neuropsychological tests for verbal memory, psychomotor speed, mental flexibility, and verbal fluency. The functional status of patients was evaluated using the Karnofsky Performance Index. Blood samples were drawn for evaluation of serum hsCRP and NT-proBNP concentrations upon hospital admission. Results. The highest NT-proBNP concentration was observed in meningioma patients. Glioma and meningioma patients did not differ in hsCRB concentration. Patients in the highest hsCRP tertile were older and more frequently reported cardiovascular comorbidity. Patients in the highest NT-proBNP tertile were older, more frequently with cardiovascular comorbidity, females, and diagnosed with a meningioma. hsCRP was significantly related to slower psychomotor speed in high-grade glioma patients (rho = 0:30, p < 0:05). In meningioma sample, NT-proBNP correlated with decreased psychomotor speed (rho = 0:38, p < 0:01), mental flexibility (rho = 0:33, p < 0:01), worse cumulative learning (rho = −0:27, p < 0:05), and delayed recall (rho = 0:30, p < 0:01). However, the relationship between the NT-proBNP and cognitive functions became nonsignificant when demographic and clinical covariates were included into analysis. Higher hsCRP concentration remained significantly related to slower psychomotor speed (p = 0:02) and worse mental flexibility (p = 0:05) in glioma patients, independently from demographic and clinical covariates. Preoperative cognitive functioning was also predicted by older age, gender, side and location of the tumor, and tumor malignancy, and general functional status of a patient. Conclusions. NT-proBNP was not associated with memory, language, and attention/executive cognitive domains of glioma and meningioma patients. Increased hsCRP was related to slower psychomotor speed and worse mental flexibility in glioma patients, indicating that inflammation processes are important for cognitive functioning in glial tumors